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 This issue sees the innovation of two important things. Firstly, there is the appointment of Mr. W.J. Mullins as sales manager of "The Sydney Bushwalker." In accepting this position, Mr. Mullins will relieve the editor of the greater part of the work.
-Secondly, we have arranged that "The Sydney Buahwalker" may be obtained by annual subscription as well as for cash at the Club Rooms. For the sum of 4/6 per annum The Sydney Bushwalker" will be posted each quarter, free of charge, to your home a week before it is on sale at the Club Rooms. It has long been felt that it was most undignified that "The Sydney Bushwalker" should be hawked round the Club Rooms as if it were a kind of patent medicine which an enthusiastic salesman was trying to foist off upon a gullible public. An attempt to add the cost of "The Sydney Bushwalker" to the amount of the annual subscription for membership - as is done in most clubs - completely failed to win approval, you will remember, for about only half the members wish to obtain copies of it. It is now hoped that the institution of on annual subscription, apart from the annual subscription for Club membership, will strike the happy medium between the old method and the proposal which failed to win approval. For those who cannot afford to pay 4/6 in advance for the quarterly publication, it will still be possible to purchase at the Club Rooms. But it is hoped that all who can will adopt the annual subscription method. Subscriptions will be received either by the editor or the sales manager. "The Sydney Bushwalker" will appear on the first Friday of January, April and July, and the "Annual" in October.
+Secondly, we have arranged that "The Sydney Bushwalker" may be obtained by annual subscription as well as for cash at the Club Rooms. For the sum of 4/6 per annum The Sydney Bushwalker" will be posted each quarter, free of charge, to your home a week before it is on sale at the Club Rooms. It has long been felt that it was most undignified that "The Sydney Bushwalker" should be hawked round the Club Rooms as if it were a kind of patent medicine which an enthusiastic salesman was trying to foist off upon a gullible public. An attempt to add the cost of "The Sydney Bushwalker" to the amount of the annual subscription for membership - as is done in most clubs - completely failed to win approval, you will remember, for about only half the members wish to obtain copies of it. It is now hoped that the institution of on annual subscription, apart from the annual subscription for Club membership, will strike the happy medium between the old method and the proposal which failed to win approval. For those who cannot afford to pay 4/6 in advance for the quarterly publication, it will still be possible to purchase at the Club Rooms. But it is hoped that all who can will adopt the annual subscription method. Subscriptions will be received either by the editor or the sales manager. "The Sydney Bushwalker" will appear on the first Friday of January, April and July, and the "Annual" in October.
 Another matter of interest is the arrangement for publication in "The Sydney Bushwalker" of maps drawn by members. It has always seemed a pity that valuable and useful maps and sketches of routes prepared by people who penetrate now country, should be filed away in the archives of the Walks Secretary. In future it is proposed to ask all map-makers to trace a copy onto the necessary plate for re-production. These can then be copied at very small cost, and it is not anticipated that the price of "The Sydney Bush walker" need be increased. The fact that such maps will appear as often as they are available is an added reason why you should make sure of your copy of "The Sydney Bushwalker" by paying an annual subscription for it.
@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 The fire-fall is something quite special to Camp Curry. First we were told the story of the origin of the fire-fall; how away back in 1882 an old Scot, who was exploring the trails of the National Park, used to camp up on Glacier Point and how, when his camp-fire had burned down at night, he used to kick it over the edge. One night someone in the valley below saw this happen and offered the old Scot five dollars to make a fire-fall for him the next evening. After this the Scot met several different people and offered to make a personal fire-fall for each of them for five dollars...but of course there was only the one fire-fall! In 1899 when David Curry founded Camp Curry, he continued the custom, and there has been a fire- fall at Camp Curry every night since. Exactly at 9 o'clock we were told to look towarde Glacier Point, and a man called out "Hel-lo Gla-cier Point!!" After a while the answer came faintly from 3,000 ft. above, "Hel-lo Camp Curry!!" and Camp Curry replied: "Let the fire fa-all!!" Then to the chant of an Indian song, a stream of fire poured over the cliff on to a ledge 1,400 ft. below. Anything quite so beautiful it would be difficult to imagine. Ann and I felt almost reverent. Afterwards we retired to our log-cabin and gazed at the stars and the pine-trees. We felt at peace with the world.
-=====EXTRACTS FROM LETTER FROM WIFF ABOARD WANDARRA=====
+=====Extracts from Letter From Wiff Aboard "Wandarra"=====
-"Now for my second wonderful trip. I heard about it in Cairns. The John Burke Line of steamers runs the "Wandarra" from Brisbane to Burketown, calling at Townsville, Cairns, Cooktowm, Port Stewart, Lockhart Mission, Portland Road, Thursday Island, Normanton and Burketown. Cooktown is a has-been place; should be burnt down; old, neglected shops and houses, and goats and pubs. That's all I eaw in it. I'm told it's a very cheap place to live in; rent 2A a week and you could live well on 20/- - so when I get the old age pension, I'll go and finish my days. We arrived at Port Stewart at midnight, and a luggar came alongside - six jet black abos., white skipper and a fat wife; a rare nigger driver. Gold Portland' Road was all excitement. We had on board about a dozen going to try their luck; 16 ozs to the ton. That would make anyone's mouth water and give them gold fbver. The finder wants 50,000 for his show. Any S.B.W. can have it at that price. A couple of miners took their wives with them. Don't think they're a poor lot - quite the opposite. You can't hope for success there unless you've cash. behind you, and muscle too. It is all hard rock that hats to be blasted away."
+"Now for my second wonderful trip. I heard about it in Cairns. The John Burke Line of steamers runs the "Wandarra" from Brisbane to Burketown, calling at Townsville, Cairns, Cooktowm [Cooktown], Port Stewart, Lockhart Mission, Portland Road, Thursday Island, Normanton and Burketown. Cooktown is a has-been place; should be burnt down; old, neglected shops and houses, and goats and pubs. That's all I saw in it. I'm told it's a very cheap place to live in; rent 2/6 a week and you could live well on 20/- - so when I get the old age pension, I'll go and finish my days. We arrived at Port Stewart at midnight, and a luggar came alongside - six jet black abos., white skipper and a fat wife; a rare nigger driver. Gold Portland Road was all excitement. We had on board about a dozen going to try their luck; 16 ozs to the ton. That would make anyone's mouth water and give them gold fever. The finder wants £50,000 for his show. Any S.B.W. can have it at that price. A couple of miners took their wives with them. Don't think they're a poor lot - quite the opposite. You can't hope for success there unless you've cash behind you, and muscle too. It is all hard rock that has to be blasted away."
-"I got in touch with a young man called Vidgeon, who has a cocoanut plantation with 10,000 trees right on the top of York Peninsula. It seems to be just what I'm locking for. The steamer went in close to the shore and blew the whistle, and the blackboys- waved from the verandah. Mr. Vidgeon invited us to camp for a month on our may back, and promised us a good time. There are croes., wild pigs, duck, death adders, carpet, black and brown snakes galore, not forgetting the fish and oysters - so I wouldn't go short of food. We passed Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday Islands and the next port was Thursday Island. I don't know if there are Saturday and Sunday Islands - perhaps they're not named because they're not working days. Well, Thursday Island only grows blacks, chews and all those races just north of here, and a few whites. The soil is very poor, mostly stony gravel, yet the people seem contented and well fed. The big boats cannot get in; they have to use launches. The town is better than Cooktown. Shops seem busy, but there are lots of blacks and whites just loafing about."
+"I got in touch with a young man called Vidgeon, who has a cocoanut plantation with 10,000 trees right on the top of York Peninsula. It seems to be just what I'm looking for. The steamer went in close to the shore and blew the whistle, and the blackboys waved from the verandah. Mr. Vidgeon invited us to camp for a month on our may back, and promised us a good time. There are crocs., wild pigs, duck, death adders, carpet, black and brown snakes galore, not forgetting the fish and oysters - so I wouldn't go short of food. We passed Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday Islands and the next port was Thursday Island. I don't know if there are Saturday and Sunday Islands - perhaps they're not named because they're not working days. Well, Thursday Island only grows blacks, chows and all those races just north of here, and a few whites. The soil is very poor, mostly stony gravel, yet the people seem contented and well fed. The big boats cannot get in; they have to use launches. The town is better than Cooktown. Shops seem busy, but there are lots of blacks and whites just loafing about."
-"We have Billy Turnbull on board. Did you read in a Sydney paper an account by Ian Idriess of Billy at Hicks Islands? The Jags -stole his shoes, and croes. ate his pigs and fawls. He is a modern Crusoe. He has just come out of Thursday Island Hospital, after a nervous breakdown. He asked us to stay with him for a
+"We have Billy Turnbull on board. Did you read in a Sydney paper an account by Ian Idriess of Billy at Hicks Islands? The Japs stole his shoes, and crocs. ate his pigs and fowls. He is a modern Crusoe. He has just come out of Thursday Island Hospital, after a nervous breakdown. He asked us to stay with him for a month, but it was looking a bit too far ahead, so I did not promise to go. When I asked a passenger what there was to see at Normanton, he said: "White ants, wind, whiskers and whiskey"...so I won't go up there! He told me about a chap who went into an outback pub and asked for pickles. The girl sang out: "Mum, this chap wants pickles - he must think its Christmas."
-),_
+"Our ship is stuck in the mud, and we have to wait for next tide - only one tide in 24 hours. I'm in my singlet and shorts, baking in the sun. We are getting plenty of food - morning tea at 6; 3-course breakfast at 8; tea at 11; dinner at 1; tea at 4; 3-course tea at 6; supper at 9:30. I'm missing some of the 11's and 4's; I don't want to get too fat for the crocs. at Cape York. If any S.B.W's. want to come up here they can book at Brisbane for the round trip, which takes four weeks or a little more. It is a most wonderful trip; visiting places every day or two, seeing something entirely different to down south. The fare is £24 plus 10% for a 2-berth cabin. There is only one trip a month, so I think it might be better to write John Burke Ltd., Flour Mill Wharf, Stanley St., South Brisbane, to find out when the boat leaves. The journey can be broken at Cape York and you can pick up the steamer a week or five weeks later. Mr. Vidgeon is starting a guest house at £3/3/- a week, with entertainment cruises, hunting and fishing. My next letter will give you details. We got off the sand or mud bank at 3 o'clock in the morning, and went about 20 miles up the Norman river to meet a lighter, that never turned up. On the wharf was a tame Native Companion, which followed us about 3 miles out along the track and back again. There were heaps of kangaroos, hopping all over the place. They are small and a light buff colour. I saw a lot of big feet marks and wondered what strange bird they had up here. Billy Turnbull said they were cassowarys. There was a chap on the wharf selling small stuffed and varnished crocodiles at £2/2/- each. He said there were plenty of live ones in the river....I swam in the cattle tank. The men don't bring their wives up here - it's too hot. They have housekeepers instead. I talked to two of them and they like the life. The meatworks does killing and freezing for export. A black rowed up to the steamer with a load of Barramundi fish to be put aboard for Brisbane. The boat finished loading at 3 o'clock next morning, and we set off for Burketown and pulled up about five miles from the entrance of Albert River, awaiting the tide at 3 o'clock next morning, to go into Burketown. We never got in the river; a lighter came out to us and we unloaded for Roper River, Mornington Mission Island, Burketown and several other places along the far side of the Gulf. The lighter goes to Burketown, then unloads into another lighter for cargo further afield. This takes it three, weeks to deliver its cargo, then it comes back for the "Wandarra's" next trip in four weeks' time. We leave the boat about four hours after at Cape York for four weeks. If we like it, we may stay eight weeks, then go straight home to Sydney. Billy Turnbull would be glad to have letters from Bushwalkers. (Stamped addressed envelopes would help). He is very interesting to talk to. Not a rough chap, as you would imagine - just the opposite. Let all the members read this, for I know they are seeking something now and near to nature.
-month, but it WAS looking a bit too far ahead, so I did not promise to go. When
+Love to all, From Wiff."
-I asked a passenger what there was to see at Hormanton, he said: "White ants, wind, whiskers and whiskey"...so I won't go up there, He told me about a chap who went into an outback pub and asked for pickles. The girl sang out: "Mum, this chap wants pickles.- he must think its Christmas."
+-----
-"Our ship is stuck in the mud, and we have to wait for next tide - only one tide in 24 hours. I'm in my singlet and shorts, baking in the sun We are getting plenty of food -morning tea at 6; 3-course breakfast at 8; tea at 11; dinner at 1; tea at 4; 3-course tea at 6; supper at 9:30. I'm missing some of the 11's and 41s; I don't want to get too fat for the arocs. at Cape York. If any S.B.W1s. want to come up here they can book at Brisbane for the round trip, which takes four weeks or a little more. It is a most wonderful trip; visiting places. every day or two, seeing something entirely different to down south. The fare is' 24 plus 10% for a 2-berth cabin. There is only one trip a month, so I think it might be better to write John Burke Ltd., Flour Mill Wharf, Stanley St., South Brisbane, to find out when the boat leaves. The journey can be broken at Cape York and you can pick up the steamer a week or five weeks later. Mr. Vidgeon is starting a guest house at 3/3/- a week, with entertainment cruises, hunting and fishing. My next letter will give you details. We got off the sand or mud bank at 3 o'clock in the morning, and went about 20 miles up the Norman river to meet a lighter, that never turned up. On the wharf was a tame Native Companion, which followed us about 3 miles out along the track and back again. There were heaps of kangaroos, hopping all over the place. They are small and a light buff colour. I saw a lot of big feet marks and wondered what strange bird they had up here. Billy Turnbull said they were cassowarys. There was a chap on the wharf selling small stuffed and varnished crocodiles at 2/2/- each. He said there were plenty of live ones in the river....I swam in the cattle tanko The men don't bring their wives- up here - it's too hot. They have housekeepers instead. I talked to two of the* and they like the life. The meatworks does killing and freezing for export. A black rowed up to the steamer with a load of Barramundi fish to be put aboard for Brisbane. The boat finished loading at 3 o'clock next morning, and we set off for Burketown and pulled up about five miles from the entrance of Albert River, awaiting the tide at 3 o'clock next morning, to go into Burketown. We never got in the river; a lighter came out to us and we unloaded for Roper River, Mornington Mission Island, Burketown and several other places along the far side of the Gulf. The lighter goes to Burketown, then unloads into another lighter for cargo further afield. This takes it three, weeks to deliver its cargo, then it comes back for the 1Nandarratsunext trip in four weeks time. We leave the boat about four hours after at Cape York for four weeks. If we like it, we may stay eight weeks, then go straight home to Sydney. Billy Turnbull would be glad to have letters from Bushwalkers. (Stamped addressed envelopes would help). He is very interesting to talk to. Not a rough chap, as you would imagine - just the opposite. Let all the members read this, for I know they are seeking something now and near to nature.
-Love to all, From Wiff."
-There is much comfort in high hills, And a great easing of the heart.
+There is much comfort in high hills,\\
+And a great easing of the heart.
 G.W. Young
-A GOOD NEW YEAR
+=====A Good New Year=====
-is Paddy's wish to all Bushwalkers. Despite wars real and wars threatened, incom4 tax paid and income tax threatened. Despite all the worries, cares- and difficulties which will inevitab;y beaet us in 1937, may we all be able to escape Prom time to time to the calm serenity and quiet solitude of the bush, thence to return refreshed and reinvigorated), ready to play a worthy part in the hurly burly of a daily life.
+is Paddy's wish to all Bushwalkers. Despite wars real and wars threatened, income tax paid and income tax threatened. Despite all the worries, cares and difficulties which will inevitably beset us in 1937, may we all be able to escape from time to time to the calm serenity and quiet solitude of the bush, thence to return refreshed and reinvigorated, ready to play a worthy part in the hurly burly of a daily life.
-It isrPaddyls job to assist busy people more readily to get to the great out ol doors properly equipped to meet all vagaries of weather and variety of conditions. To further these ends in 1937 he has some new lines which should lessen walking weariness and add to camping comfort.
+It is Paddy's job to assist busy people more readily to get to the great out o' doors properly equipped to meet all vagaries of weather and variety of conditions. To further these ends in 1937 he has some new lines which should lessen walking weariness and add to camping comfort.
-The new proofing.
+__The new proofing.__
----------- All stock groundsheets, capes and lumber jackets are now proofed by an entirely new process which is even more reliable than
+All stock groundsheets, capes and lumber jackets are now proofed by an entirely new process which is even more reliable than the old proofing and has the following advantages:-
-the old proofing and has the following advantages:- Colour. Quite even. Feel. Softer and quite non-tacky.
+__Colour__. Quite even. __Feel__. Softer and quite non-tacky.
-STRENGTH. Cloth is not weakened as in old style of proofing. The basis is
+__STRENGTH__. Cloth is not weakened as in old style of proofing. The basis is of course as before the best quality light weight japara. Articles may be reproofed.
-of course as before the best quality light weight japara. Articles may be reproofed.
+__Lumber Jackets__. In various shades of khaki and brown from 36" to 44" chest, 2 pockets, elastic waist - 21/- - (They were made to sell at 35/-. Manufacturer closed down supply limited.)
-Lumber Jackets. In various shades of khaki and brown from 36" to 44" chest, 2 pockets, elastic waist - 211- - (They were made to sell at 35/-. Manufacturer closed down supply limited.)
 P.A. PALLIN,
-Phone B 3101  327 George St., SYDNEY. Opp. Paling's.
+|__'Phone B.3101__. |F.A. PALLIN,|
+|:::|327 George St., SYDNEY.|
+|:::|Opp. Paling's.|
-- 7 -
+=====Warrumbungle Mines=====
-WARRUMBIINGLE MBES
+====Being an account of the Mines written by the Mine Manager to Miss E. Griffith.====
-Being an account of the Mines written by the Mine Manager to Miss E. Griffith.
+The Mine at Bugaldie has now been working for about 15 years, the earth in the early years being drawn by waggon to Coonabarabran, and trucked from there to Sydney. This was before the line was extended past that Station.
-The Mine at Bugaldie has now been working for about 15 years, the earth in the early years- being drawn by waggon to Coonabarabran, and trucked from there to Sydney. This was before the line was e=bended past that Station.
+During the last few years about 1,500 tons a year have been despatched to Sydney, Melbourne, New Zealand etc. The correct name is not chalk, but Diatomaceous Earth, and the deposit, which is about a mile long by half a mile wide, and on the edge 14 feet in depth, will last for years yet. From years of experience, I have a theory that the site of the present deposit is the crater of an extinct volcano, which is fed by streams of water from inside. The diatoms, which formed the earth, were a very early form of life, invisible to the naked eye, and lived in this water. When they died, their shells, of which there are something like 800,000 to the cubic inch, sank to the bottom and gradually filled up the crater. All the water was thus run off, as is shown by the formation above the proper earth, which is a mixture of mud and earth which did not properly form, not being under water. This holds the fossilized remains of freshwater mussels, while the earth itself has the fossilized remains of various fish, up to 18 inches long, with leaves all through it. What caused the fish to die when the water was clear enough for the diatoms to live in, I do not know, but I suggest that heavy downpours of rain muddying the water, or excessive heat, may have been the cause.
-During the last few years about 1:500 tons a year have been despatched to Sydney, Melbourne, 17= Zealand etc. The correct name is not chalk, but Diatomaceous Earth, and the deposit, which is about a mile long by half a mile wide, and on the edge 14 feet in depth, will last for years yet. From years of experience, I have a theory that the site of the present deposit is the crater of an extinct volcano, which is fed by streams of water from inside. The diatoms, which formed the earth, were a very early form of life, invisible to the naked aye, and lived in this water. When they died, their shells, of which there are something like 800,000 to the cubic inch, sank to the bottom and gradually filled up the crater. Al). the water was thus run off, as is shown by the formation above the proper earth, which is a mixture of mud and earth which did not properly form, not being under water. This holds the fossilized remains of freshwater mussels, while the earth itself has the fossilized remains of various fish, up to 18 inches long, with leaves all through it. What caused the fish to die when the water was clear enough for the diatoms to live in, I do not know, but I suggest that heavy downpours of rain muddying the water, or excessive heat, may have been the cause.
+Various geologists have visited the Mine, and a Mr. Kenny of the Mines Dept. had the theory that the deposit was formed under the sea, and had been pushed up in some eruption; but when I pointed out that trees do not grow under the sea; that no trace of salt or iodine is found in the analysis; that it is a sodium freshwater deposit, showing each layer distinct from the next and all exactly level, all parts of the deposit showing the same formation at that particular level, he changed his theory and accepted mine.
- Various geologists have visited the Mine, and a Mr. Kenny of the Mines Dept. had the theory that the deposit was formed under the sea, and had been pushed up in some eruption; but when I pointed out that trees do not grow under the sea; that no trace of salt or iodine is found in the analysis; that it is a sodium freshwater deposit, showing each layer distinct from the next and all exactly level, all parts of the deposit showing the same formation at that particular level, he changed his theory and accepted mine.
 There are various places on the mountain showing honeycombed lava rock, also deposits of red oxide, both being formed by intense heat, which prove my theory of a volcano.
@@ Line 108: / Line 103: @@
 After the whole of the deposit had been formed, trees mnd grass grew on it, and there is even now only a few inches of ordinary dirt on the top, which has formed over all these years from fallen leaves, grass sticks etc.
-The only thing that has me beaten is the fact that after the whole thing has' been formed, there must have been another volcanic eruption in the vicinity, as the mountain is covered with basalt rocks, some weighing up to 4 and 5 tons; but all of which are only on the surface, and although the earth deposit is quite soft, not
+The only thing that has me beaten is the fact that after the whole thing has been formed, there must have been another volcanic eruption in the vicinity, as the mountain is covered with basalt rocks, some weighing up to 4 and 5 tons; __but all of which are only on the surface__, and although the earth deposit is quite soft, not one of these rocks has penetrated into it, yet they must have been thrown there after the deposit was formed. Only the outside portion of the deposit is dry, and inside up to about 100 yards getting wetter as you go in, and after that distance it is a brown colour, from having a carbon content. This when dried and fired burns itself out, leaving a pure white earth, equal to the other.
-=FOcks has penetrated into it, yet they must have been thrown there after the deposit was formed. Only the outside portion of the deposit is dry, and inside up to about 100 yards getting wetter as you go in, and after that distance it is a brown colour, from having a carbon content. This when dried and fire& burns itself out, leaving a pure white earth, equal to the other.
-cis
 There must be a big reservoir of water somewhere in the mountain, as springs run out of it here and there, and in good seasons there is even a spring on the flat top of the mountain 600 feet above Bugaldie.
@@ Line 122: / Line 113: @@
 It will not burn and will not mix with water and for polishing and cleaning metals it is on its awn, some people even use it for tooth powder. Pure earth is nearly all silica, has no abrasives and will not scratch
-A.R. Mills,
+|  A.R. Mills,\\ Manager,\\ Bugaldie Mine.|
-Manager,
+=====Rhyme of the Hardy He-Men=====
-Bugaldie Mine.
-RHYME OF THE HARDY HE-MEN
-Tough, tough, tough, Indomitably tough -
-They waver not, nor wilt,
+Tough, tough, tough,\\
+Indomitably tough -\\
+They waver not, nor wilt,\\
 They never cry enough.
-They take what's coming to them
+They take what's coming to them\\
+They brag not, no, nor bluff -\\
-They brag not, no, nor bluff No praise they ask or give
+No praise they ask or give\\
+But this: He did his stuff.
-But thim: He did his stuff.
-A chosen tribe are they,
-And tested every one,
-The chattering orange-sucking
+A chosen tribe are they,\\
+And tested every one,\\
+The chattering orange-sucking\\
 Munching mobs they shun.
-Despising huts and tents,
+Despising huts and tents,\\
+Jerseys, scarves and vests,\\
-Jerseys, scarves and vests, Men of the shorter shorts
+Men of the shorter shorts\\
 and blizzard-beaten chests.
-Men of the trackless bush,
+Men of the trackless bush,\\
+Men of the hard-won peak,\\
-Men of the hard-won peak, Men of the long day's trail
+Men of the long day's trail\\
+Who very seldom speak.
-Mho very seldom speak.So great the deeds, as great
-The feeds of He-men true - Billies of stodgy rice
+So great the deeds, as great\\
+The feeds of He-men true -\\
+Billies of stodgy rice\\
 Kerosene tins of stew.
-No restive feeding theirs,
+No festive feeding theirs,\\
+But purposeful and dumb,\\
-But purposeful and dumb, Till tight, tight, tight,
+Till tight, tight, tight,\\
+Is the tum, tum, tum.
-Is the turn, tum, turn.
-Tough, tough, tough,
-Grumpy, grim end gruff - Hardy hefty Re-men,
+Tough, tough, tough,\\
+Grumpy, grim and gruff -\\
+Hardy hefty He-men,\\
 Diamonds rare though rough.
-Of deeds and feeds of Hei,men We neler can hear enough, We who can never hope
+Of deeds and feeds of He-men\\
+We ne'er can hear enough,\\
+We who can never hope\\
 To be tough, tough, tough.
-- J.
+|  - J.|
-(From "The Tararua Tramper." The "Tararuas"apparently have
-more of such heroes than the S.B.W.1)
-PHOTOGRAPHY AND TEM MlIZER
+(From "The Tararua Tramper." The "Tararuas" apparently have more of such heroes than the S.B.W.!)
- k nEmblfiamm.......
+=====Photography and The Walker.=====
-By R.W. Savage.
+|  By R.W. Savage.|
 It is only natural that the majority of walkers should be interested in photography - probably no other recreation offers so great a scope for viewing nature in her many moods, and according to our ability, we endeavour to catch and retain impressions which will recall pleasant memories of the great "out of doors."
-The past five years have seen many changes in cameras, lens and photographic negative material. Whilst the general photographer has benefited by these improvements, the walker, by reason of his peculiar methods of working, has benefited to a much greater degree. A brief summary of making photographic technique will probably explain this.
+The past five years have seen many changes in cameras, lens and photographic negative material. Whilst the general photographer has benefited by these improvements, the walker, by reason of his peculiar methods of working, has benefited to a much greater degree. A brief summary of walking photographic technique will probably explain this.
 . The camera, accessories and negative material must be carried in addition to the normal camping load. This limits the size and type of camera and the number of exposures available for a trip.
-. Only a limited time each day can be given to photography, e g., assuming a
+. Only a limited time each day can be given to photography, e.g., assuming a quota of twelve exposures a day, and the time for each exposure to be five minutes. On this basis, which may easily be exceeded, the time spent is one hour a day, which is equivalent to, about, three miles' walking.
-quota of twelve exposures a day, and the time for each exposure to be five
-minutes. On this basis, which may easily be exceeded, the time spent is
-one hour a day, which is equivalent to, about, three miles' walking.
 . Photographs may have to be taken early in the morning and late in the afternoon, under trees and at the bottom of ravines when the light conditions are very bad. Should the day be cloudy, one can rarely wait for the sun.
@@ Line 212: / Line 182: @@
 . Due to the physical exertions of the photographer, in climbing to a vantage point, and also to the movement of trees in the foreground, it is often necessary to use a comparatively short exposure to counteract unsteadiness in holding and to stop movement in the picture.
-These requirements demand that the camera should be of the miniature type, with preferably, a very rigid self-erecting front. The lens should not be slower than /126.3 and may with advantage be as fast as fm3.6. The shutter speeds should include 05, 1/50 and 1/100 second. Faster and slower additional speeds will increase the 'cope of the camera. A direct vision eye level view-finder, preferably of the optical type, will make for faster working, increased steadiness and better composition.
+These requirements demand that the camera should be of the miniature type, with preferably, a very rigid self-erecting front. The lens should not be slower than f=6.3 and may with advantage be as fast as f=3.6. The shutter speeds should include 1/25, 1/50 and 1/100 second. Faster and slower additional speeds will increase the scope of the camera. A direct vision eye level view-finder, preferably of the optical type, will make for faster working, increased steadiness and better composition.
-Size is the next point to be considered, for this affects the original weight of the camera, the weight of negative material and the resultant picture. Some walkers carry the panel size (4i-"x2r) - I do myself, and consider it worth the weight. In view of modern developments, however, this size must be considered as the largest practicable, and the majority of walkers will favour one of the following:- 31"x22-4," - 8 exposures per fibs or half this size 2*-"x4" with 16 exposures per film.
+Size is the next point to be considered, for this affects the original weight of the camera, the weight of negative material and the resultant picture. Some walkers carry the panel size (4½" x 2½") ((4.5 inches x 2.5 inches))  - I do myself, and consider it worth the weight. In view of modern developments, however, this size must be considered as the largest practicable, and the majority of walkers will favour one of the following:-\\
+¼" x 2¼" ((3.25 inches x 2.25 inches)) - 8 exposures per film or half this size 2¼" x 1¾" ((2.25 inches x 1.75 inches)) with 16 exposures per film.\\
+½" x 1?" ((2.5 inches x 1.625 inches)) - 8 " " " " " " 1?" x 1¼" ((1.625 inches x 1.25 inches)) " 16 " " " "\\
+½" x 1" ((1.5 inches x 1 inch)) - 36 exposures on a strip of 35 m.m. cine film.
-inxil" 8 t, It n 11 It " 1imx1r " 16 ti II n
+Concurrently with the development of these new cameras, the film manufacturers have been producing new negative material, until the amateur of to-day can select from over a dozen different types, ranging from the old standard films to multicoated, panchromatic, infra red and natural colour film, All have their respective uses, but those most favoured by the walking fraternity are the multicoated films of medium colour sensitivity, such as Verichrome, Isochrom, and Selochrome and the panchromatic emulsions, put out by the same makers. All these films are much faster than the old standard films, thus permitting photographs under more adverse light conditions.
-limx1" - $6 exposures on a strip of 35 m m. eine film.
+Finally a few words on carrying the camera. - The ordinary leather camera case slung across the body by a thin strap is not comfortable, and does not ride well when also carrying a framed rucksack. The back pockets of the rucksack are objectionable in that the rucksack must be removed every time a photograph is taken, which adds to the time factor. The possibility of damage to the camera in this exposed position must also be considered. About seven years ago the writer, in an attempt to make a balanced rucksack, evolved the front wallets to be attached by swivel to the front of the shoulder straps. The idea was patterned on the military method of carrying ammunition, and since then my camera has always been carried, in this position. Spare film, colour filters, self-timer, exposure calculator, compass, aneroid map and log-book are all carried in sub-divisions of the wallet, which enables a photograph to be taken or a reference made, without removing the pack and the consequent loss of time.
-Concurrently with the development of these new cameras, the film manufacturers have been producing new negative material, until the amateur of to-day can select
+-----
--
+And I have felt\\
+A presence that disturbs me with the joy\\
-from over a dozen different types, ranging from the old standard films to multicoated, panchromatic, infra red and natural colour film, All have their respective uses, but those most favoured by the walking fraternity are the multicoated films of medium colour sensitivity, such as Verichrome, Isochrom, and SeIochrome and the panchromatic emulsions, put out by the same makers. All these films are much faster than the o/d standard films, thus permitting photographs under more adverse light conditionS.
+Of elevated thought; a sense sublime\\
+Of something far more deeply interfused,\\
-Finally a few words on carrying the camera. - The ordinary leather camera case slung across the body by a thin strap is not comfortable, and does not ride well when also carrying a framed rucksack. The back pockets of the rucksack are objectionable in that the rucksack must be removed every time a photograph is taken, which adds to the time factor. The possibility of damage to the camera in this exposed position must also be considered.. About seven years ago the writer, in an attempt to make a balanced rucksack, evolved the front wallets to
+Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns,\\
+And the round ocean and the living air,\\
-be attached by swivel to the front of the shoulder straps. The idea was patterned on the military method of carrying ammunition, and since then my camera has always been carried, in this position. Spare film, colour filters, self-timer, exposure calculator, compass, aneroid map and log-book are all carried in sub-divisions of the wallet, which enables a photograph to be taken or a reference made, without removing the pack and the consequent loss of time.
+And the blue sky, and in the mind of man;\\
+A motion and a spirit, that impels\\
-And I have felt
+All thinking things, all objects of all thought\\
+And rolls through all things.
-A presence that disturbs me with the joy
-Of elevated thought; a sense sublime
-Of something far more deeply interfused, Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns, And the round ocean and the living air, And the blue sky, and in the mind of man; A motion and a spirit, that impels
-All thinking things, all objects of all thought And rolls through all things.
 W. Wordsworth.
-A WEEK'S RAMBLE ALONG THE COX VIA. KATOOMBA.
+=====A Week's Ramble Along the Cox via Katoomba.=====
-Evelyn Millard.
+__Evelyn Millard.__
 On Friday night, the 3rd. October, seven of us, to wit, Ada Meade, Hilma Galliott, Gordon Smith, Bernard Yardley (our most estimable leader), Ninian Melville, Max Gentle and I set out for a most enjoyable week's walk.
-We started out by catching the 6:30 train from Central arriving at Katoomba at a little after 9. Our destination for this night WAS Diamond Falls. It was a glorious night for walking, though as we neared the Falls, it became terribly windy. I might add that the water supply here was very poor. Next morning our leader, Bernard, after several unsuccessful reminders of "Leaving in 10 minutes" eventually succeeded in getting us to break camp at about 8:30 a m. The morning was a glorious one, but very hot and the trip being the first long one of Ada and self, our packs soon began to feel rather heavy. However, we proceeded to Narrow Neck, admiring Mt. Solitary from the distance, thence round Glen Raphael swamp to Clear Hill. Hera we signed the visitors' book which was buried beneath a quantity of stones, after which we made for Tare's Ladder, which appeared to have been reinforced and so we felt most secure going down. All having reached the bottom of the ladder, we began a most slippery piece of sliding down the hill until we reached the bottom.
+We started out by catching the 6:30 train from Central arriving at Katoomba at a little after 9. Our destination for this night was Diamond Falls. It was a glorious night for walking, though as we neared the Falls, it became terribly windy. I might add that the water supply here was very poor. Next morning our leader, Bernard, after several unsuccessful reminders of "Leaving in 10 minutes" eventually succeeded in getting us to break camp at about 8:30 a m. The morning was a glorious one, but very hot and the trip being the first long one of Ada and self, our packs soon began to feel rather heavy. However, we proceeded to Narrow Neck, admiring Mt. Solitary from the distance, thence round Glen Raphael swamp to Clear Hill. Hera we signed the visitors' book which was buried beneath a quantity of stones, after which we made for Taro's Ladder, which appeared to have been reinforced and so we felt most secure going down. All having reached the bottom of the ladder, we began a most slippery piece of sliding down the hill until we reached the bottom.
-Next morning, Sunday, we left Carlon's at 10:30 and followed Galong Creek
-through to the Cox, arriving there at about 12:30. Galong Creek is very pretty
-and drops down in layers. These drops are really waterfalls but the Creek was very dry. Getting down each layer proved a slippery business and we found the seats of our pants a great asset. After about three hours' rest we followed the Cox an, walking along the cattle pads which crossed and recrossed the COX every now and then, eventually making camp for the night just past Breakfast Creek. The Cox, with the beautiful casuarinas growing on both sides, is indeed an extremely pretty river, but there is only one drawback and that is the nettles which persisted in gently caressing our legs every few minutes. After tea this night Bernard rendered many songs for us and proved a good entertainer.
-Next day, Monday, we said goodbye to two of our companions, Hilma and Max. The party had now diminished to five, so off we set for Kanagaroo Clearing at the mouth of Kanangara River arriving about 2 o'clock. This morning had been exceedingly hot, and it was not surprising that we saw many snakes (commonly known as "Joe Blakes"). Between Bernard and Gordon they succeeded in killing a nasty black one about 5 ft. long. (I was. going to say about 7 ft. long, but as this is not a fish story, 5 ft. will suffice. As we were having lunch, the air became oppressive, very black clouds appeared and thunder clattered overhead, but we had only a few drops of rain., During the afternoon Ada became domesticated and mended Bernard's shorts, he being forced into the privacy of Ada's going-home skirt, and I must say he did make a pretty picture. This night Ninian made us a lovely steamed pudding, over which we had apricot syrup. Now, should anyone be looking for a good cook, I can thoroughly reoommend Nin; the pudding was really delicious. Tea Was made over a big fire and after putting up the tents, verandah fashion, we went to bed, the fire throwing out its warmth to us; and so, with Bernard's "Dolly Ballads" and the cheerful warmth of the fire,, we were indeed a most contented party.
--12 -
-Next morning, Tuesday, Gordon had to depart for home. We were now four, so after a lovely lazy morning, we set off after lunch for the Kowmung River, the nettles by the way, still playfully accompanying us. This night we actually went to bed at 7:10 but it was a very hot night and nettle stings made no pretty restless, for the hotter I became, the worse were the stings. Next morning we went for a stroll up the Kawmung. We all had a good:swim, Ada and I found it great fun to lie just where the rapids flowed over the rocks, and it was very cooling. Before I had my swim, I was walking along the banks of the River, looking for Ada, who had gone ahead:, when to my surprise and, I must admit, fright, I came face to face with a pretty big wallaby. I was-half decided to jump into the safety of the Kowmung when the poor old wallaby who was just as scared as I hopped away. After lunch this day we four, plus the nettles, moved on to Cedar Creek, which was pretty dry.
-'Early next morning the boys explored the Creek while Ada and I basked in the sun. They returned to camp about 11:15 and once more the familiar words "Moving off in
+Next morning, Sunday, we left Carlon's at 10:30 and followed Galong Creek through to the Cox, arriving there at about 12:30. Galong Creek is very pretty and drops down in layers. These drops are really waterfalls but the Creek was very dry. Getting down each layer proved a slippery business and we found the seats of our pants a great asset. After about three hours' rest we followed the Cox on, walking along the cattle pads which crossed and recrossed the Cox every now and then, eventually making camp for the night just past Breakfast Creek. The Cox, with the beautiful casuarinas growing on both sides, is indeed an extremely pretty river, but there is only one drawback and that is the nettles which persisted in gently caressing our legs every few minutes. After tea this night Bernard rendered many songs for us and proved a good entertainer.
-minutes" rang out, so off' we went to Kill's old farm. On arrival there we helped3 ourselves to some oranges- and lemons, had. lunch just below the farm, and as our clothes were just clinging to us, we had another dip in the dear old Cox. Our next port of call WAS Seymourts where we chatted for awhile. We then moved on to McMahon's and net Mostyn Kill in the yard. We had been told his main characteristic was his very big toes, and Ada and I had a good opportunity of observing them. He WAS tinkering with an old battered lorry which possessed no horn, brakes, bonnet or seats, and in this contraption he was driving the MoMahonts to a wedding in Burragorangt We camped this night about half a mile passed MeMahonts and as the next day we would be in civilisation once more, Ada and I thought we would try to improve our hair, which had been allowed to run pretty wild all the week. We had lost all our bobbie pins, but I found a piece of ribbon and twisted it wound my head and Ada, a most resourceful person, wound a piece of her hair around a tent peg. She forgot
+Next day, Monday, we said goodbye to two of our companions, Hilma and Max. The party had now diminished to five, so off we set for Kanagaroo Clearing at the mouth of Kanangara River arriving about 2 o'clock. This morning had been exceedingly hot, and it was not surprising that we saw many snakes (commonly known as "Joe Blakes"). Between Bernard and Gordon they succeeded in killing a nasty black one about 5 ft. long. (I was. going to say about 7 ft. long, but as this is not a fish story, 5 ft. will suffice. As we were having lunch, the air became oppressive, very black clouds appeared and thunder clattered overhead, but we had only a few drops of rain. During the afternoon Ada became domesticated and mended Bernard's shorts, he being forced into the privacy of Ada's going-home skirt, and I must say he did make a pretty picture. This night Ninian made us a lovely steamed pudding, over which we had apricot syrup. Now, should anyone be looking for a good cook, I can thoroughly recommend Nin; the pudding was really delicious. Tea was made over a big fire and after putting up the tents, verandah fashion, we went to bed, the fire throwing out its warmth to us; and so, with Bernard's "Dolly Ballads" and the cheerful warmth of the fire, we were indeed a most contented party.
-she had it there end. when Bernard came to fold up his tent and could not find: the peg, we all looked for it until Ada remembered it in her hair.
+Next morning, Tuesday, Gordon had to depart for home. We were now four, so after a lovely lazy morning, we set off after lunch for the Kowmung River, the nettles by the way, still playfully accompanying us. This night we actually went to bed at 7:10 but it was a very hot night and nettle stings made me pretty restless, for the hotter I became, the worse were the stings. Next morning we went for a stroll up the Kowmung. We all had a good swim, Ada and I found it great fun to lie just where the rapids flowed over the rocks, and it was very cooling. Before I had my swim, I was walking along the banks of the River, looking for Ada, who had gone ahead, when to my surprise and, I must admit, fright, I came face to face with a pretty big wallaby. I was half decided to jump into the safety of the Kowmung when the poor old wallaby who was just as scared as I hopped away. After lunch this day we four, plus the nettles, moved on to Cedar Creek, which was pretty dry.
-Friday lunch time found us just near the junction of the Wollondilly and Cox Rivers. Now, up till this day we had had exceptionally good meals but this day an examination of the packs, we were only able to scrape together for lunch enough damper to have l slices each, with cheese. Too soon did the 1 pieces sink in our cavities, and we were all left feeling rather light inside. Ada mad Bernard had just started dividing the damper crumbs, when I remembered I had nearly 1 lb. of chocolate in a pocket of my pack. Thus we were saved from starvation, and we went happily on our way to Bimlo where we arrived at 5 o'clock; this was our final camping spot. To make up for the sorry lunch we had had, Ninian made us another good steamed pudding.
+Early next morning the boys explored the Creek while Ada and I basked in the sun. They returned to camp about 11:15 and once more the familiar words "Moving off in 10 minutes" rang out, so off we went to Kill's old farm. On arrival there we helped ourselves to some oranges and lemons, had lunch just below the farm, and as our clothes were just clinging to us, we had another dip in the dear old Cox. Our next port of call was Seymour's where we chatted for awhile. We then moved on to McMahon's and met Mostyn Kill in the yard. We had been told his main characteristic was his very big toes, and Ada and I had a good opportunity of observing them. He was tinkering with an old battered lorry which possessed no horn, brakes, bonnet or seats, and in this contraption he was driving the MoMahon's to a wedding in Burragorang! We camped this night about half a mile passed MeMahon's and as the next day we would be in civilisation once more, Ada and I thought we would try to improve our hair, which had been allowed to run pretty wild all the week. We had lost all our bobbie pins, but I found a piece of ribbon and twisted it wound my head and Ada, a most resourceful person, wound a piece of her hair around a tent peg. She forgot she had it there end. when Bernard came to fold up his tent and could not find the peg, we all looked for it until Ada remembered it in her hair.
-On this, our last night of camping, we went to bed about 8:30, and at midnight or thereabouts all were awakened by merrymakers from an adjoining boarding house mad by torches shining on the tents. We were very annoyed, but just grinned and bore it, and after hearing various comments such as "Looks like a boy scouts' camp' and a discussion on our cooking gear, the makauders left us in peace and we just rolled over an& went to sleep??????.
+Friday lunch time found us just near the junction of the Wollondilly and Cox Rivers. Now, up till this day we had had exceptionally good meals but this day an examination of the packs, we were only able to scrape together for lunch enough damper to have l½ ((1.5)) slices each, with cheese. Too soon did the 1½ ((1.5)) pieces sink in our cavities, and we were all left feeling rather light inside. Ada and Bernard had just started dividing the damper crumbs, when I remembered I had nearly 1 lb. of chocolate in a pocket of my pack. Thus we were saved from starvation, and we went happily on our way to Bimlo where we arrived at 5 o'clock; this was our final camping spot. To make up for the sorry lunch we had had, Ninian made us another good steamed pudding.
-- 13 -
+On this, our last night of camping, we went to bed about 8:30, and at midnight or thereabouts all were awakened by merrymakers from an adjoining boarding house and by torches shining on the tents. We were very annoyed, but just __grinned__ and bore it, and after hearing various comments such as "Looks like a boy scouts' camp" and a discussion on our cooking gear, the marauders left us in peace and we just rolled over and went to sleep??????.
-GROSE RIVER
+=====Grose River=====
 By Gordon Smith.