Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- 194207 [2018/04/20 12:31] – tyreless
+++ 194207 [2018/04/26 12:28] – tyreless
@@ Line 148: / Line 148: @@
 ----
-ROCK CLIMBING IN THE CITY
+===== Rock Climbing In The City. =====
-by "LYREBIRD".
-My friend Bill and I had not been in the bush for a long time. 77e work at  making  for which you can see is a pretty
+by "Lyrebird".
-imDortant war time job and we felt we must have a break. At last we managed to get a weekend off, both of us, r7e wanted to do something strenuous and thought of a few rock faces we knew on King George, so we hopped up to the railway to catch thp 1.30 train for the mountains.
-"Sorry", said the chap at the booking office, "no travelling unless' on a war time work."
+My friend Bill and I had not been in the bush for a long time. We work at ... making ... for ..., which you can see is a pretty important war time job and we felt we must have a break. At last we managed to get a weekend off, both of us. We wanted to do something strenuous and thought of a few rock faces we knew on King George, so we hopped up to the railway to catch the 1.30 train for the mountains.
-My friend Bill and I looked at each other. 7e had been so busy making -------- flax- ------- that we werentt up in these matters and didn't
-know of the big -change over. 7e got the same answer everywhere orl t at it dawned on us that the only place we could go was round the harbour on Showboat or on a run to the zoo.
+"Sorry", said the chap at the booking office, "no travelling unless on a war time work."
-My friend Bill wouldn't agree to either of these, he was determined to do some climbing. "I've an idea," he said, "we'll stay ris ht here, cam-o in the city and tomorrow well climb the harbour bridge."
-"Now don't be a fool Bill, we'll never Ret away with a thing li7oe the police would be onto us in half a second," I replied.
+My friend Bill and I looked at each other. We had been so busy making ... for ... that we weren't up in these matters and didn't know of the big change over. We got the same answer everywhere and at last it dawned on us that the only place we could go was round the harbour on Showboat or on a run to the zoo.
-"Gantt you take a risk? We'll fix ,n ol without any trouble.
-After a fair amount of persuasion, I agreed. It was just about dark
+My friend Bill wouldn't agree to either of these, he was determined to do some climbing. "I've an idea," he said, "we'll stay right here, camp in the city and tomorrow we'll climb the harbour bridge."
-now :,nd fairly cold so we thought it best to find a place to -out up the tent.
-We had no idea that plain earth was so difficult to find in the city, everywhere we looked th,ra was either as haltspread over it, or a bii pile of bricks holding offices and things. It wasn't any use going to any of the parks, there were the many people about in spite of the cold nioht. At last we managed to find a bit of bare earth and we soon had the tent Our biggest problem was water and firewood, but my friend Bill is foirly
+"Now don't be a fool Bill, we'll never get away with a thing like that, the police would be onto us in half a second," I replied.
-resourceful. There had been rain a few days before and he hunted round till he found a pool in a gutter. There were no tadpoled iu it of course, but we thought we'd take a risk of its being pure, so Bill soaked it LIn with his
-handkerchief and squeezed it into the billy. raided a few "BE TIDY" tins and with Bill's old straw hat, we soon had a fire going and the billy
+"Can't you take a risk? We'll fix them without any trouble.
-boiling. As we didn't want to burn the whole of Bill's hat we went to bed early and slept well.
-Next morning we were wakened by some bird singing. A night-watchman
+After a fair amount of persuasion, I agreed. It was just about dark now and fairly cold so we thought it best to find a place to put up the tent. We had no idea that plain earth was so difficult to find in the city; everywhere we looked there was either asphalt spread over it, or a big pile of bricks holding offices and things. It wasn't any use going to any of the parks, there were too many people about in spite of the cold night. At last we managed to find a bit of bare earth and we soon had the tent up. Our biggest problem was water and firewood, but my friend Bill is fairly resourceful. There had been rain a few days before and he hunted round till he found a pool in a gutter. There were no tadpoles in it of course, but we thought we'd take a risk of its being pure, so Bill soaked it up with his handkerchief and squeezed it into the billy. We'd raided a few "BE TIDY" tins and with Bill's old straw hat, we soon had a fire going and the billy boiling. As we didn't want to burn the whole of Bill's hat we went to bed early and slept well.
-on his way home, probably. :We packed quickly, had breakfast with cold tea
-and set off for the bridge.
+Next morning we were wakened by some bird singing. A night-watchman on his way home, probably. We packed quickly, had breakfast with cold tea and set off for the bridge.
-Of courae we could have climbed from right underneath up on the iron railings but my friend Bill wanted to do rock-climbing and we decided to try the pylon. 17e looked coldly at the policeman as we pretended to admire
-the bridge (really sizing u-e the situation) but decided to leave our packs
+Of course we could have climbed from right underneath up on the iron railings but my friend Bill wanted to do rock-climbing and we decided to try the pylon. We looked coldly at the policeman as we pretended to admire the bridge (really sizing up the situation) but decided to leave our packs in his charge - without asking, naturally. When his back was turned, taking only our coil of rope and some chocolates and raisins in case we were hungry on the way up, we made a dash for the chimney on the eastern side and with my friend Bill leading, the ascent began.
-in his charge -- without asking, naturally, Then his back was turned, taking orily our coil of rope and some chocolates L.1:11 raisins in case we were hungry on the way up, we made a dash for the chimney on the eastern side and with
-my friend Bill leading, the ascent began.
+Footholds and handholds on trimmed granite are not very big, but we've had a fair amount of experience and were not at all nervous.
-Footholds and landholds on trimmed granite are not very bi, but we've had a fair amount of experience and were not at all nervous.
-When we. were about half way up we heard a short but didn't like to
+When we were about half way up we heard a shout but didn't like to look down as we had as much as we could do to hang on. Once my friend Bill's foot slipped and he slid down two blocks of granite but then he got a good grip and managed to pull himself up again. We kept plugging on steadily until we reached the level of the little windows in the side and decided to switch over from here to the underneath of the roadway. It was rather a ticklish job getting ourselves round the corner but Bill has double jointed knees and ankles and it's wonderful the things he can do. Once we were round the corner we found there was nothing else for it, we'd have to make a leap to get to the nearest steel stanchion. How Bill managed to turn from facing in towards the rock, I don't know, but he did.
-look down as we had as much as we could do to hang on. Once my friend Bill's
-foot slipped and he slid down two blocks of granite but then he got a good
+By this time we gathered that there must be a fair crowd down below, there seemed to be a lot of noise and the policeman kept shouting quite rudely at us. We took no notice and Bill tensed himself for the leap. Lightly he sprang, giving himself a push off from a good half-inch heel hold. For one awful moment be tottered in mid-air, but making a superhuman effort he jerked himself forward and just made it. He then tied the rope securely to the stanchion and swung the other end back to me. There wasn'f much of a place to tie it but right in the middle of one block I was able to tie a double clove hitch and got ready to go hand over hand across to Bill.
-gri e and managed to pull himself up again. We kept plugging on steadily until we reached the level of the little windows in the side and decided
-..e:v1tr..h aver Ernm halo- to the underneath of the roadway. It was rather
+First I had a look down below and saw the policeman had multiplied himself to hundreds and crowds of other folk were mixed in. Then I noticed a boat anchored right under us and chaps with hoses as though they were preparing to aim at us. Why, I couldn't understand.
-.
-. a ticklish job getting ourselves round the dorner but Bill has double joint3d knees and pnkles and it's wonderful the things he can do. Once we
+"Well that's pretty cold treatment," I thought, and began to move. When I was only a quarter way over I felt the rope sag ominously and I could tell by the look in Bill's eyes that everything was not quite right.
- were round the corner we found thJro was nothing else for it, we'd have to make a leap to get to the nearest steel stanchion. How Bill managed to turn from facing in towards the rock, I don't know, but he did.
-By this time we gathered that there must be a fair crowd down below, there seemed to be a lot of noise and the policeman keDt shouting quite rudely at us. We took no notice and Bill tensed himself for the leap. Lightly he sprang, giving himself a push off from a gnod half-inch heel hold. For one awful moment be tottered in mid-air, but making a superhuman effort he jerked himself forward and just made it. He then tied the rope securely to the stanchion and swung the other end back to me. There wasn'f much of a place to tie it but right in the middle of one block I was able to tie a double clove hitch and got ready to go hand over hand across to Bill.
+Suddenly the knot I had tied gave way and with a sickening jerk, I dropped, but at that very second I was struck by an all powerful jet of water from the water-police hoses, which lifted me high into the air. Then the chap who was pumping must have stopped for the jet dropped half its height, and me with it. But there was someone with brains down below and the next minute up I went again and landed as lightly as a wet feather right beside Bill.
-First I had a look down below and saw the policeman had multiplied
-himself to hundreds and crowds of other folk wore mixed in. Then I noticed
+"Look up", said my friend Bill, and there above me I saw hundreds more policemen looking down on us with such queer expressions on their faces.
-a boat anchored right under us and chaps with hoses as though they were preparing to aim at us. V1hy, I couldn't understand.,
-"Well that's' pretty cold treatment," I thought, and began to move. When I was only a quarter way over I felt the rope sag ominously and I
+"I guess we can't go any further", murmured Bill, "but after that I feel fine".
-could tell by the look in Bill's eyes that everything was not quite right.
-Suddenly the knot I had tied gave way and with a sickening jerk, I dropped, but at that very second I was struck by an all powerful jet of water from the water-police hoses, which lifted me high into the air. Than the chap who was pumping must have stopped for the jet drc:rned half
+We had a bit of chocolate and began to climb up to the road way. On the way up and when we got there the police had a lot to say and we let them run on for a while but then my friend Bill explained the situation; that we worked ..., making ... for ..., so that mollified them a lot, and we gave them some of our chocolate and raisins which they thought was very kind of us and they handed over our packs and we parted frends.
-its height, and w with it. But there was someone with brains down below and the next minute up I went again and landed as lightly as a wet feather right beside Bill.
-"Look up", said my friend Bill, and there above me I saw hundreds
+----
-more policemen looking down on us with such queer expressions on their faces.
-"I guess we can't go any further", murmured Bill? "but after that I feel fine".
+===== The Technique Of Hill Climbing. =====
-We had a bit of chocolate and began to climb up to the road waST. On the way up and when we got there the police had a lot to say and we let
-them run on for a while but then my friend Bill explained the situation;
+by Marie b. Byles.
-that we worked making -------- for , so thdmollified them a lot, and we gave them some of our chocolate and raisins which they thought was very kind of us and they handed over our packs and we parted frends.
-THE TECHNIQUE OF HILL CLIMBING
+Tourists in Switzerland have often remarked how extremely slowly the professional guide will start up hill. The young amateur will rush scornfully past him, but in the end it is the professional who reaches the top first, not the young enthusiast despite the advantage of youth on his side.
-by Marie D. Byle
-Tourists in Switzerland have often remarked how extremely slowly the professional guide will start up hill. The young amateur will rush
+Why? Because the professional understands the importance of rhythm in the technique of hill-climbing, an importance which is recognized by all Himalayan climbers who have to preserve every atom of energy. There can be rhythm only if the pace is so slow that it can be kept up for a long time without breaking the rhythm by rests.
-scornfully part him, but in the end it is the professional who reaches
-the top first, not the young enthusiast despite the advantage of youth on his side.
+This is the technique of hill-climbing, a technique which few bushwalkers learn because we have not very long climbs to negotiate, but in reality it is just as important here as in Switzerland. Bushwalkers tend to think that frequent rests make the climb easy for the beginner, when exactly the opposite is the case, for when you rest you break the rhythm, put a strain on the heart and lungs when you re-start, and in the end you probably do not reach the top as soon as you otherwise might.
-Why? Because the professional understands the importance of rhythm in the technique of hill-climbing, an importance which is recognized by all Himalayan climbers who have to preserve every atom of energy. There can be rhythm only if the pace is so slow that it can be
-kept up for a long time without breaking the rhythm by rests.
+It should be possible for the normal person to climb 1000 feet or more without resting, and if he cannot do this, it shows that the pace is too quick and should be moderated. Young people can go more quickly than older ones, and usually men more quickly than women. There is no reason why everyone (except the leader) should not take the pace that suits him, and test of what does suit him, is whether he can climb 1000 feet without resting, without breathlessness and without any strain, or whether he could, if required, carry on a conversation while climbing, - not that the last is recommended. As for the leader, it should be his duty to moderate his own pace to that of the slowest in the party; otherwise there will be a tendency for the slow one to strain himself, especially if he is a beginner and does not want to be considered a weakling.
-This is the technique of hill-climbing, a technique which few bushwalkers learn because we have not very long climbs to negotiate, but in reality it is just as important here as in Switzerland. Bush-
-walkers tend to think that frequent rests make the climb easy for the
+----
-beginner, when exactly the opposite is the case, for when you rest you break the rhythm, put a strain on the heart and lungs when you re-start,
-and in the end you probably do not reach the top as soon as you otherwise might.
+===== Some Aspects Of Our Military Value. =====
-It should be possible for the normal person to climb 1000 feet
-or more without resting, and if he cannot do this, it shows that the
+bu "Ubi".
-pace is too quick and should be moderated. Young people can go more quickly than older ones, and usually men more quickly than women.
-There is no reason why everyone (except the leader) should not take the
+Now that a military organisation has seen fit to use members of our Club to further their (i.e. the organisation's) interests it is opportune to point out the number of members we possess who have a definite military value if only that of confusing the enemy who may be following them. Many there are who by nature or art or lack of one or the other or both are equipped on belligerent lines.
-pace that suits him, and 'test of what does suit him, is whether he
-can climb 1000 feet without resting, without breathlessness and without any strain, or whether he could, if required, carry ou a conversation while climbing, - not that the last is recommend_d. As for the leader, it should be his duty to moderate his own pace to that of the slowest in the party; otherwise there will be a tendency for the slow one to strain himself, especially if he is a beginner and does not want to be considered a weakling.
+I have noticed the military correspondents are as adept at equivocal statements as astrologers, turf guides and such-like. One reads for example - "The Battle of the Arafurious Sea would appear to suggest that aircraft-carriers are no match for armed sampans in choppy water. One cannot, however, be too dogmatic as the sampans were only 190 miles off shore and therefore in water well known to their owners and also took the carriers by surprise by throwing butterfly-nets over the planes as they attempted to rise. It remains to be seen, however, whether an adequate reply can be made to armed sampans which travel equally as well (with the tide) under water and without a crew. One should treat with reserve the results as several new factors emerged notably..." If, therefore some of my statements are present indicative readers will know that as a military expert I am the veriest type and most likely would, if unmolested, attempt a bare-faced prophecy and so ruin my infant career.
-.
- .
+All of the warlike types in evidence may not be equally useful, may even be of little value; but it must be understood at the outset that in wartime everyone must do a job even if it is only nullifying the work of ten others.
-SOME ASPECTS OF OUR =ITARY VALUE
-bu "Uhl".
+Time Bomb Bushwalkers appear quite inoffensive when they arrive at a pleasant camp-site at night and one is inclined in consequence to treat them as harmless. But at about four in the morning they reliably jump out of bed in the pitch dark and threaten to "go off" in twenty minutes. Utter consternation follows as erstwhile wardens are wakened, tents collapsed into breakfasts and breakfasts postponed until lunch when a shorter repeat performance ensues. This type may be extinguished by being completely smothered in dry sand.
-Nov that a military organisation has seen fit to use members of our Club
-to further their (i e. the organisation's) interests it is opportune to point
+To disclose the strategic positions of other walkers is the task of the "Tracers". This is done by reconnaissance, remote patrol or the employment of secret agents and as a result two and two are often put together. Places quiet but within very short walking distance are considered by "Tracers" to be good Operational Stations for night and daylight sweeps. This category being always female, can be coerced into harmlessness only by being given the slip - or at least the equivalent in coupons.
-out the number of members we possess who have a definite military value if
-only that of confusing the enemy who may be following them. Many there are who by nature orart or lack of ona or the other or brOith arq equipped on belligerent lines.
+A most insidious variety newly arrived with the anproach of Winter in the Anti-personnel Bushwalker. The "Anti-personel's" first day on the track appears unexceptionable but it is noticed that he does not go near water but to drink. Each succeeding day is the same until the evidence overwhelming and even his best friends begin to wonder. Attack from leeward and steadily reduce with water.
-I have noticed the military corresnondents are as adept at equivocal
-statements as astrologers, turf guides and sW3h-like. One reads for exammle - "The Battle of the Arafurious Sea would appear to suggest that aircraftcarriers
+Our fourth sample is the High Velocity walker. This specimen is generally husky, lusty and male and can speed from, say, Katoomba to Kanangra River non-stop crushing everything before it with tank-like certainty. However, he never stops walking until night when he is completely exhatsted and is, therefore, unfortunately "not dangerous".
-are no match for armed sampans in choppy water. One cannot, however, be too
-dogmatic as the sampans were only 190 miles off shore and therefore in water
+"Ubi".
-well known to their owners and also took the carriers by surprise by throwing 'butterfly-nets over the planes as they attempted to rise. It remains to be
-seen, however, whether an adequate reply can be made to armed sampans which travel equally as well (with the tide) under water and without a crew. One should treat with reserve the resuls as several new factors emerged notably.. emoirO o If, therefore some of my statements are present indicative readers
+----
-p
-will know that as a military expert I am the veriest type and most likely
+===== "Read, Mark, Learn And Inwardly Digest!!" =====
-would, if unmr,lested, attempt a bare-faced prophecy and so ruin my infant career.
-All of the warlike types in evidence may not be equally useful, may even be
+All the "Digests", "Penguins", "Bulletins", "Man" or other Magazines, Periodicals, etc., you may have - then hand them to -
-of little value; but it must be understood at the outset that in wartime everyone must do a job even if it is only nullifying the work of ten others,
-Time Bomb Bushwalkers appear quite inoffensive when they arrive at a nleasant camp-site at night and one is inclined in consequence to treat them as harmless. But at about four in the morning they reliably jump out of bed
+__The Bushwalkers' Services Committee__
-' in the pitch dark and threaten to "go off" in twenty minutes. Utter conster-
-nation follows as erstwhile wardens are wakened, tents collapsed into break-
-fasts and breakfasts postponed until lunch when a shorter repeat performance ensues. This type may be extinguished by being completely smothered in dry sand.
-To disclose the strategic positions of other walkers is the task of the
-"Tracers", This is done by reconnaidsance, remote patrol or the employment of secret agents and as a result two and two are often put together. Places
-quiet but within very short walking distance are considered by "Tracers"
-to be good Operational Stations for night and daylight sweeps. This category being always female, can be coerced into harmlessness only by being given the slip - or at least the equivalent in coupons.
-A most insidious variety newly arrived with the anproach of 7inter in the
-Anti-personnel Bushwalker. The "Anti-Dersanells" first day on the track appears unexceptionable but. it-is noticed that he does not go near water
-.
-but to drink. Each succeeding day is the same until the. evidence overwhelming and even his best friends begin to wonder. Attack from leeward , and steadily reduce with water.
-, Our fourth sample is the High Velocity ralker. This specimen is generally husky, lusty and male and can imeed from, say, Katoomba to Kanangra River non-stop crushing everything before it with tank-like
-certainty. However, he never stops walking until night when he is completely exhatsted and is, therefore, unfortunately "not dangerous".
-re"- "UBItt.
-"READ, MARK, LEARN AND INWARDLY DIGEST :: "
-All the "Digests",. "Penguins", "Bulletins", "Man" or other Magazines, Periodicals, etc., you may have - then hand them tip -
-THE BUSHWALKERS1 SERVICES COMMIT=
 to send to the boys in camps where reading matter is scarce.
-Joan Savage, Grace Jolly, "Tuggle", "Dunk" or Maurie Berry will be only too glad to relieve you of that big parcel of magazines when you bring it into the Clubroom:
- If it is not convenient to bring the magazines to the Clubroom,. they may be dropped into "Paddy's", addressed to
+Joan Savage, Grace Jolly, "Tuggie", "Dunk" or Maurie Berry will be only too glad to relieve you of that big parcel of magazines when you bring it into the Clubroom!
-THE SERVICES COMMITTEE.
-.
+If it is not convenient to bring the magazines to the Clubroom, they may be dropped into "Paddy's", addressed to The Services Committee.
-. . CONSERVATION
-CII) How Bush Fires Destroy our Timber Resources.
+----
+===== Conservation. =====
+=== (II) How Bush Fires Destroy our Timber Resources. ===
 by Abores Australis.
-We all know that bushfires destroy tour forests because we have always been told that they do. But have we ever bothered to stop and ask why? After all, gurd trees are remarkably like the cat with nine Tives. 'Then they have had every single green leaf burned off them, they promptly start to reclothe themselvesi and in a few months they are green again, while two or three years after, only the experienced eye would know they had been through a fire.
-Yet from a timber point of view they might just as well not be th)re. 7hy?
+We all know that bushfires destroy our forests because we have always been told that they do. But have we ever bothered to stop and ask why? After all, gum trees are remarkably like the cat with nine lives. When they have had every single green leaf burned off them, they promptly start to reclothe themselves, and in a few months they are green again, while two or three years after, only the experienced eye would know they had been through a fire.
-The reason is pertly that the fire destroys the soundness of the timber. But more important is the fact that it encourages the growth of epicormic branches, and every branch means a knot, which destroys the value of the timber and renders it practically useless anyhow for all except the roughest
-work. The callitris or white pine is an exception to this rule that knots render a timber useless. But this is a soft wood. Most of our timbers. are hard woods. But even a soft wood is more valuable without knots. Those lovely little tufts of young shoots, which spring out of the trunk of the tree after the bush fire has passed over, have sealed the doom of the tree from a timber point of view and it would be better not there.
+Yet from a timber point of view they might just as well not be there. Why?
-It may be objected that pinus insignis, or common pines used for box making, grow with branches right from their feet. The answer is that the
-lower branches are carefully cut off by the forester as the tree grows upward. In the centre there is always the remains of the knot where the br nch for-
+The reason is partly that the fire destroys the soundness of the timber. But more important is the fact that it encourages the growth of epicormic branches, and every branch means a knot, which destroys the value of the timber and renders it practically useless anyhow for all except the roughest work. The callitris or white pine is an exception to this rule that knots render a timber useless. But this is a soft wood. Most of our timbers are hard woods. But even a soft wood is more valuable without knots. Those lovely little tufts of young shoots, which spring out of the trunk of the tree after the bush fire has passed over, have sealed the doom of the tree from a timber point of view and it would be better not there.
-merly grew, but the outside timber is fresh, clean and free from knots. Also
-this, too, is a soft wood.
+It may be objected that pinus insignis, or common pines used for box making, grow with branches right from their feet. The answer is that the lower branches are carefully cut off by the forester as the tree grows upward. In the centre there is always the remains of the knot where the branch formerly grew, but the outside timber is fresh, clean and free from knots. Also this, too, is a soft wood.
-The cl.,.)etruction of the soundness of the timber, and the development of knots are the two things that make bush fires fatal to a forest. The development of a strong young crop of seedlings or "regrowth", is what makes a bush fire beneficial. Foresters often try burningoff to effect the same result, but somehow mancontrolled fires do not seem to have the same effect as the uncontrolled and far fiercer heat of the bush fire. Next time you plunge through a nasty thicket of young gumtrees, so close together your rucksack frame gets stuck in the stems, don't curse, just say "rhat a magnificent young regrowth; I wonder if it was caused by a bush fire."
-However, although the regrowth caused by a bushfire is welcome to the
+The destruction of the soundness of the timber, and the development of knots are the two things that make bush fires fatal to a forest. The development of a strong young crop of seedlings or "regrowth", is what makes a bush fire beneficial. Foresters often try burning-off to effect the same result, but somehow man-controlled fires do not seem to have the same effect as the uncontrolled and far fiercer heat of the bush fire. Next time you plunge through a nasty thicket of young gum-trees, so close together your rucksack frame gets stuck in the stems, don't curse, just say "what a magnificent young regrowth; I wonder if it was caused by a bush fire."
-forester, it is small consolation to have lost thousands of trees which have grown for anything up to a hundred years and get in retc rn young seedlings which have a hundred years leeway to make up. So bush fires remain the nightmare of the forester and kee-o him chained to his post during the suyIner months.
-(Next month "How the danger of Forest Fares is lessened").
+However, although the regrowth caused by a bushfire is welcome to the forester, it is small consolation to have lost thousands of trees which have grown for anything up to a hundred years and get in retern young seedlings which have a hundred years leeway to make up. So bush fires remain the nightmare of the forester and keep him chained to his post during the summer months.
-.
- FEDERATION NOTES
+(Next month - "How the danger of Forest Fires is lessened").
-At the Federation's June meeting a delegate reported that he had learned from a member of the N.S.U. Rod Fisherman's- Association that there are certain noxious birds and animals in the Kosciusko Alpine Reserve. Each year cormorants
-eat many thousands of:trout from the streams of this sanctuary and the local
+----
-residents have an annual cormorantshooting weekend, at which about a thousand of these birds are destroyed. Foxes and dingoes also cause much damage in the district.
-This fisherman said that his -Association is very keen on conservationlbut
+=====Federation Notes. =====
-believes that if all shooting in the Kosciusko Alpine Reserve were prohibited
-the cormorants, foxes and dingoes would breed there and prey upon the sheep and wild life of the surrounding :treas. However, the fishermen and the bushwalkers are in agreement that tourists should be pr,-)hibited from carrying guns in the sanctuary..
+At the Federation's June meeting a delegate reported that he had learned from a member of the N.S.W. Rod Fisherman's Association that there are certain noxious birds and animals in the Kosciusko Alpine Reserve. Each year cormorants eat many thousands of trout from the streams of this sanctuary and the local residents have an annual cormorant-shooting weekend, at which about a thousand of these birds are destroyed. Foxes and dingoes also cause much damage in the district.
-Federation decided that a recommendation should be made to the authorities
-for permits to shoot foxes, dingoes and cormorants to be issued only to local residents whoare favourably known to the police, to cattlemen and to people under the control of cattlemen.
+This fisherman said that his Association is very keen on conservation, but believes that if all shooting in the Kosciusko Alpine Reserve were prohibited the cormorants, foxes and dingoes would breed there and prey upon the sheep and wild life of the surrounding areas. However, the fishermen and the bushwalkers are in agreement that tourists should be prohibited from carrying guns in the sanctuary.
-  OOO OO
-The report of the Tracks and Blazes Committee haS been held over from
+Federation decided that a recommendation should be made to the authorities for permits to shoot foxes, dingoes and cormorants to be issued only to local residents who are favourably known to the police, to cattlemen and to people under the control of cattlemen.
-publication in this issue as the C.M.W's reaction to it proved to be unfavour-
-able. Arrangements have been made for further information to be received by that Club so its members can consider the matter further.
+----
-At the 7orki4g Bee last May the hut at Maitland Bay was thoroughly cleaned as it had become available for use by the Trustees of Bouddi Natural Park and the public. We understand the permissive occupancy of the land on which this hit was built has now lapsed and the area has been added-to the Park.
-V a'  V V lr  I 0
+The report of the Tracks and Blazes Committee has been held over from publication in this issue as the C.M.W's reaction to it proved to be unfavourable. Arrangements have been made for further information to be received by that Club so its members can consider the matter further.
-A letter was received-from the Under Secretary. for Lands advising that,
-owing to shortage of staff, it is impossible at present to do any field sur-
+----
-veying of the boundaries of those areas in the Blue Mountains, etc., which Federation regusted should be reserved as Primitive Areas and Parks. ,Therefore no formal dedication can be made yet, but while the luatter is in abeyance the Department will see that these areaE rotected frrm selection, eta, Large sections of the Blue Labyrinth, the i. t Hay Highlands, and 7ondabYne Peninsula should, therefore, be safe for the time being.
--.:-.-...:..fi--:;. ::::-:, :_,. i- ,j_:-._. '. ....',1-: ;.,1.-,...,.., _ - ;...i?,  ..
+At the Working Bee last May the hut at Maitland Bay was thoroughly cleaned as it had become available for use by the Trustees of Bouddi Natural Park and the public. We understand the permissive occupancy of the land on which this hut was built has now lapsed and the area has been added to the Park.
-....-:,:::-.:-.:: .j t..3:.,i--.- ':'.'. ::,:::-',- .. -:-....-.7.-n,-'-.: -.1',..-.,.: .:. '[..' 7. ..::IL.1.
- .'.-.?.., .r., :, . . r .....' 7 .F.- .:_;".:1:.`_ 1, ;1; 1. '
+----
- ';:t1..L.:7,-..1:1t.T--..,-:7:7:-.7, -.),..:j t.,:.,-0,7;:: T._.::i':.'".'..- c,T..1 ..?,7.,57:Iui_:_',.i .7:,7,-',7: .J.f7.1::.:7-,--,:':
- .:c..,,i 7 ..,:.-., ..:...,Li-.j.: ..7 2.-1 , .-.;7.7:....(' i ..i',22 .. ifIC: .r-, ....,..!--.1.7..- ::::- .;',..,..._,:;.' j...7; ' :',... 7 1 1. : : 1,', E 'T c: ::.
+A letter was received from the Under Secretary for Lands advising that, owing to shortage of staff, it is impossible at present to do any field surveying of the boundaries of those areas in the Blue Mountains, etc., which Federation regusted should be reserved as Primitive Areas and Parks. Therefore no formal dedication can be made yet, but while the matter is in abeyance the Department will see that these areas are protected frpm selection, etc. Large sections of the Blue Labyrinth, the Mt. Hay Highlands, and Wondabyne Peninsula should, therefore, be safe for the time being.
- , . :  1.
----
+----
-SCORPIO
-by Canous.
+===== Scorpio. =====
-If, in the early evening you follow the Milky ITay down towards the Eastern horizon for about two-thirds of the distance betwe,n the Cross and the hor3zon you will find the constellation Scorpio. The most
-brilliant star in the oon stellatioil is the ruby-red Antares. Antares lies near the northern end of the constellation in a position which might be described as Scorpion's neck (if ,scor:?ions can be sq id,t,o 11.a.N-e nc k.$).1 To
+by Canopus.
-thd of Arttai4e ret chi:13.g right"; ac-rosi, the Millw -"Tay; is A large loo o15iiglit stexs, the end of the loop -01--,-.ning -,-dovrnwards towar_ds the herizon. To theleft of Antares are thr ee. -.;1--,ars. about equidistant from each other and at right angles to the "neck" -portion' of th,-1 constu-lIation. These form the scorpion's -hecid.
-'Antares -i-s th larcst star knovin, its diamet,c..:r, ;being: nearly
+If, in the early evening you follow the Milky Way down towards the Eastern horizon for about two-thirds of the distance between the Cross and the horizon you will find the constellation Scorpio. The most brilliant star in the constellation is the ruby-red Antares. Antares lies near the northern end of the constellation in a position which might be described as Scorpion's neck (if scorpions can be said to have necks). To the right of Antares, stretching right across the Milky Way, is a large loop of bright stars, the end of the loop curving downwards towards the horizon. To the left of Antares are three stars about equidistant from each other and at right angles to the "neck" portion of the constelation. These form the scorpion's head.
- -itimes that of ih suri.' was callc d ntar..s by t he.. Greeks be c:a us-d'
-it rrvals the reC'praziot:' Mr2r-s' which they eallOci.'-11-$.'res
+Antares is the largest star known, its diameter being nearly 500 times that of the sun. It was called Antares by the Greeks because it rivals the red planet Mars, which they called Ares.
-;tO - The
-Gre...ks believed that pt
+The likeness of the constellation to a scorpion is obvious. The Greeks believed that it represented the horrible scorpion that frightened the horses and brought disaster to Pheton when driving the Sun Chariot of his father, Phoebus Apollo.
-ij*.61se.;*.tci&
-- ,. the hori'pl scorn that rihtned
+"Canopus"
-,
-the harS'eSi- '-pLrid brought eti-stis- 6r;-*9,.. Pheton:W. I. P1-1-..
+__Acknowledgment__: "Canopus" wishes to acknowledge the following sources of information:-
-his crathe:i4.-i'-'ThOe:hus="21:i1.1i:F.'- -. , ;
-- - .'._... .
-:r
-Acknowledgment "Canopus" wishes to acknowledge the following sources cif information:-
 "An Easy Guide to Southern Stars," by M.A. Orr.
-"Stars of the Southern Heavens," by James Nanglo, 0.B.E F.R.A.S. "The Stars in Their Courso s, by..-.Sir James Jeans.
-K,E.-51-logtsr,sz&IfEJT: OiMr967-4,Pc1 1,Li Ei.L ;F6-.0
+"Stars of the Southern Heavens," by James Nangle, O.B.E., F.R.A.S.
-TI4At R14 Ci't, C1 0 uo nThvkE,
-v ci-.A,.7,1" G-0 1 'N. - Wt i ,--'.----
+"The Stars in Their Courses," by Sir James Jeans.
----..--"-'' '-7--4--. ' ' -c ',--- CZ ,..,i. ., ('- '
-!II : /
+----
-. -,..
----1,..., -
-_____,..... .:;,--'-'-...\
-.,.._... ,_ .
-:,,
-\\
-.
 VI HAT DO YOU THINK ?
 ,-