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- | THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER | + | ======The Sydney Bushwalker.====== |
- | A Monthly Bullotin devotd, to matters of interest to The Sydney | + | |
- | ,+- | + | A monthly bulletin of matters of interest to the Sydney |
- | No.101. | + | |
- | .111. | + | ===No. 101. May, 1943. Price 4d.=== |
- | . Editor: Clare Kinsella | + | |
- | Price 4d, | + | |**Editor**|Clare Kinsella| |
- | 11......., | + | |**Assist.**|Grace Jolly| |
- | Production: Yvonne Rolfe Asst. Alice Wyborn Subscriptions: Marie Kinsella | + | |**Manager**|Alex. Colley| |
- | CONTENTS | + | |**Production**|Yvonne Rolfe| |
- | Index | + | |**Assistant**|Alice Wyborn| |
- | 1 | + | |**Subscriptions**|Marie Kinsella| |
- | Cost of Magazine | + | |
- | Southern Alps & Alpine Huts Edna Garrad 2 | + | =====Contents.===== |
- | Mapmaking | + | |
- | Bush walking by Air 44, 1111 Jack Debert 6 | + | | | |Page| |
- | Flowers of the Southern Alps Ray Birt 7 | + | |Cost of Magazine|Business Manager| 2| |
- | Ten Years on Committee | + | |Southern Alps & Alpine Huts|Edna Garrad| 2| |
- | Letters from the Lads | + | |Mapmaking|" |
- | Gossip | + | |Bush walking by Air|Jack Debert| 6| |
- | At Our Own Meeting | + | |Flowers of the Southern Alps|Ray Birt| 7| |
- | Federation Notes | + | |Ten Years on Committee| | 8| |
- | Social Doings | + | |Letters from the Lads| | 9| |
- | Goodman' | + | |Gossip| |10| |
- | Paddy Speaks | + | |At Our Own Meeting| |11| |
- | FAREELL SVEER | + | |Federation Notes| |12| |
- | James Devaney, | + | |Social Doings| |13| |
- | Oh the long summer twilights, lingering now no more Faint summer scents and happy bushland cries! | + | |
- | The grey thrush pipes a few sad notes beneath grey skies He has no heart to sing -- Summer is o'er-, | + | =====Advertisements.===== |
- | The cuckoos now are gone, the summer' | + | |
- | Farewell, summer! Every hill and dell | + | | |Page| |
- | Seems whispering low, a 4.ingering | + | |Goodman Advt|13| |
- | -77 | + | |Paddy Speaks|14| |
- | COST OF TIE' LI.A.GAZ - TI-Tevel BUS INES3 laNAGER | + | |
- | In the last two Tears thcl cost of ' | + | ---- |
- | . and other costs in comDatable | + | |
- | This position was e-k)lained | + | =====Farewell Summer.===== |
- | The circulation of the magazine has not decreased. There is still the same amount of voluntary work put into its composition, | + | |
- | - | + | James Devaney. |
- | SOUTHERN-ALPS-AND ALZ-'1,11E HUTS | + | |
+ | Oh the long summer twilights, lingering now no more\\ | ||
+ | Faint summer scents and happy bushland cries!\\ | ||
+ | The grey thrush pipes a few sad notes beneath grey skies\\ | ||
+ | He has no heart to sing -- Summer is o'er.\\ | ||
+ | The cuckoos now are gone, the summer' | ||
+ | The Bluebirds, the wood swallows, all are flown;\\ | ||
+ | Sadly the branches sway their cold abandoned nests;\\ | ||
+ | Softly the first cold winds begin to moan.\\ | ||
+ | Farewell, summer! Every hill and dell\\ | ||
+ | Seems whispering low, a lingering | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Cost Of The Magazine.===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Business Manager. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In the last two years thcl cost of producing | ||
+ | |||
+ | This position was explained | ||
+ | |||
+ | The circulation of the magazine has not decreased. There is still the same amount of voluntary work put into its composition, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Southern Alps and Alpine Huts.===== | ||
Edna Garrad. | Edna Garrad. | ||
- | I, have always been a' trifle " | ||
- | We camped first, immediately in front of Foreman' | ||
- | "from the valley of the Murray' | ||
- | y The particular confiuration of:this eminence he recorded struck me so forcibly by the simil7rity it boars to a tumulus elevated in Krakow, over the tomb of the patriot Kosciusko, that although in a foreign country, on foreign ground, but amongst a free peo-ele, who appreciate fre:dom and its votaries, I could not refrain from giving it the name of KoscLusko" | ||
- | Mt. Townsend however provided one oftthe most magnificent views ima in- able. Visibility was good and we looked away south into the Victorian mountains, range upon range of misty blue, surmounted by a bank of white cloud. | ||
- | Away below to the right was the lovely valley of the Goehi, which we subse- | ||
- | quently visited, and which realised for us all that this first glimpse promised. | ||
- | In order to sour,an early start down the Ramshead Range we moved up to Seaman' | ||
- | against it. Lying snugly in bed that night I appreciated the advantage of being within four stout walls.. This is a two roomed hut with lobby containing wood | ||
- | (tha, hut is well above the tree line and no doubt-in winter is kext well Sup)lied with wood. We can:ied all we could find up to it for ouw own lise), and contains a stove which servos the double -ourpose of warming the hut and | ||
- | | ||
- | Following a very enjoyable trip down to the Murray we returned to Foreman' | ||
- | in order to thankhm for the use of his hut. Ourfd6d for the second week | ||
- | - | ||
- | was loft safely there whilst we jaunted down to..Victofta. | ||
- | The next hut visited was Pounds and by this time we were so converted to huts that we did not make any attem-pt to erect our tents. This hut consists of two rooms and is Provided with 5 or 6.bedsteads -Aid-Mattresses, | ||
- | Vie. were now down amonst th,-; trees again, and all around -yore green. ridges | ||
- | . with znow gums t11row14T.out their branches in fantastic sha:oes. The snowy River had greatly inc: | ||
- | Whites River Hut has been described to us as being in,the most beautiful | + | I have always been a trifle " |
- | valley | + | |
- | , As we loft and looked | + | We camped first, immediately in front of Foreman' |
- | crossing the horizon,:aAd this somewhat tended to give a 111-.? d or recollectio# | + | |
- | Vie had intnded | + | "from the valley of the Murray' |
- | anyone | + | |
- | The following morning was very misty and the weather not very promising | + | Mt. Townsend however provided one of the most magnificent views imaginable. Visibility was good and we looked away south into the Victorian mountains, range upon range of misty blue, surmounted by a bank of white cloud. Away below to the right was the lovely valley of the Geehi, which we subsequently visited, and which realised for us all that this first glimpse promised. |
- | looking and we decided to move down to the Alpine Hut, where we knew we would have ample accommodation in the -event of extended bad *eathor. The walk down in the mist was very -)leasant | + | |
- | fantastic gums that reminded one of Vialt Disneyls | + | In order to secure an early start down the Ramshead Range we moved up to Seaman' |
- | good ski runs in'the near vicinity. The following morning we went on to the | + | |
- | range and spied the land out for our trip to Jargungal | + | Following a very enjoyable trip down to the Murray we returned to Foreman' |
- | and hospitality. They were always a little bit staggered to have five women | + | |
- | descend on them and a-,? | + | The next hut visited was Pounds and by this time we were so converted to huts that we did not make any attempt to erect our tents. This hut consists of two rooms and is provided with 5 or 6 bedsteads and mattresses, beds one above the other bunk type, and contains the usual cooker. This hut is situated in the loveliest valley and we felt content to stay there indefinitely. We were now down amonst the trees again, and all around were green ridges with snow gums throwing out their branches in fantastic shapes. The Snowy River had greatly increased in size and here were long pools that we felt must abound in trout. |
- | on that an the following day. | + | |
- | The next morning we arose at 5 a m..(in the dark) and had eaten break-fart | + | Whites River Hut has been described to us as being in the most beautiful valley |
- | covered grass anC,shrubs, and on- the tops there was a thin layerof ica on so.:e | + | |
- | of the shallow pools. We had a most enjoyable walk across to Jarngal | + | We had intended |
- | We. left the Mountains | + | |
- | Many of the huts are evailable | + | The following morning was very misty and the weather not very promising looking and we decided to move down to the Alpine Hut, where we knew we would have ample accommodation in the event of extended bad weather. The walk down in the mist was very pleasant |
- | ' | + | |
- | MAP MAKING. MAKING | + | The next morning we arose at 5 a.m. (in the dark) and had eaten breakfast |
+ | |||
+ | We left the mountains | ||
+ | |||
+ | Many of the huts are available | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Map Making.===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | by " | ||
+ | |||
+ | All of us use (or ought to use) maps in connectLon with our walking. We scale off distances or directions confident that the information so obtained will be reasonably accurate. How is the map made so accurately? | ||
+ | |||
+ | In rough sketch maps we have drawn at one time or another we have found it difficult to produce something of sufficient accuracy to permit of the attachment of a scale. Another illustration of the difficulty is given by the misshapen maps of Australia produced by the early navigators who could fix the position of coastlines only by astronomical observations and dead reckoning. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The accuracy of our maps rests on a system of triangulation i.e. the surveyors set up and measure triangles all over the country. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you hark back to schoolday trionometry or even geometry you will remember that if the length of one side of a triangle be known, also the magnitude of the angles at each end of that side, the lengths of the other two sides and size of the remaining angle can be readily calculated. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now the surveyors, when setting out accurately to map a new country, decide on the base line possibly five or six miles long on a oonvenient plain where its length can be measured very accurately with special and elaborate equipment. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Then an instrument called a theodolite, which is used in the accurate measurement of horizontal and vertical angles, is set up accurately over one end of the line and sighted on to a target on some convenient mountain or hill. The angle between the base line and the hill is then measured on the theodolite. Similarly the angle subtended by the hill at the other end of the base line is measured. The surveyor then calculates the distance of the hill from each end of the base line and so knows all about the triangle thus formed. He then uses the two sides so found as bases for two more triangles using other hills. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Where he mounts his target or theodolite he erects a mound of stones. These are usually on hill tops and are what we call " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now the country is divided into a systim of triangles called primary, secondary and tertiary triangles. The primary triangles may have sides averaging perhaps sixty miles or more in length but occasionally the sides may be over a hundred miles long. The sides of secondary triangles average around ten miles, while tertiary triangles have sides of from one to three miles long. | ||
+ | |||
+ | This triangulation fixes the position of a large number of points on the proposed map. Then the surveyor takes the area of one of the tertiary triangles and with a light theodolite, tape measure and several other useful instruments starts the process of " | ||
+ | |||
+ | The order of accuracy of the triangulation is really amazing. After working from the base line and ciculating through a large number of trianges a check or "base of verification" | ||
+ | |||
+ | The accuracy with which survey work can be executed and results calculated is really surprising. Take, for instance, the engineering survey work in connection with the Simplon Tunnel under the Swiss Alps. Like most tunnels it was driven from both ends simultaneously but starting at different altitudes and having special drainage grades. It is 12 1/2 miles long and took seven years to drive, and all the while the direction of drive of each heading was directed by survey. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Notwithstanding the great difficulties in co-relating the surveys on either side of the Alps, the tunnels met with a difference of alignment of only 8 inches and a difference of level of 3 inches. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
- | All of us use (or ought to use) map s in connectLon with our walking. | ||
- | scale off diE,tances or directions confident ' that the information so obtained will be reasonably accurate. How is thf map made so accurately? | ||
- | In rought sketch maps -he have drawn at one time or another we have found it difficult to produce somethinc3 of sufficient accuracy to permit of the attachment of a scale, Another illustration of the difficulty it given by the misshapen m.,),9 of Australia produced by the early navigators who could fix the position of coqstlines only by astronomical obsb rvations and dead reckoning. | ||
- | - - , no.-- | ||
- | The accuracy of our ma,es rests on a system of triangulation i e. the surveyors sat up and measure triangles all over the country. | ||
- | If you hark. back to sohoolay trionomRtry or even geometry you will remember that if th, lenth of one side of a triangle be known, also the mag np,ude of the angles at e.7.ch end c)f that side, the lens' | ||
- | Now the surveyors, when sott:Ing out accurately to map a new country, decide on the base line possibly five or six miler.: lo i n a oonvenient plain where its length can be izE)asured very accuratel7 with sDecial and elaborate equiiment, | ||
- | Then an instrument called a theodolite, which is used in the accurate measurement of horizontal and vertical angles, is set up accurately over one end of the line and sighted on to a target on some convenient mountain or hill. The angle between the base line and the hill is then measured on the theor' | ||
- | Where he mounta his tars-et or thePdolite he ercts a mound of stones, These are usually on hill tops and are what we call " | ||
- | Now the country is divided into a systim of triangles called primary, secondary and tertiary triangles. The primary triangles may have sides averaging perhaps sixty miles or more in length but occasionally the sides may be over a hundred miles long. The sides of secondary triangles average around | ||
- | ton miles, while tertiary triangles have sides of from one to three miles long. | ||
- | This triangulation fixes the ;position of a Large number of points on the pro7Dosed map.. Then the surveyor takes the area of one of the tertiary. triangles and with a light theodolite, tae measure and several other useful instruments starts the process of " | ||
- | The order of accuracy of the : | ||
- | The accuracy with which surVey work can be executed and results calculated is really sur-DriEingG Take, for instllce, the engineering survey work in connection with the Sim-Pion Tunnel under the Swiss Alps, ,Like most tunnels it was driven from both ends simultaneously but starting at ' | ||
- | . altitudes and having secial drainage grades. It is 124- miles long and took seven years to drive, and all th:. while the direction of drive of each heading was directed by survey. | ||
- | 6. | ||
- | _ .... _ | ||
- | Notwithstanding the great difficulties in co-relating the surveys on either side of the Al--)s, the tunnels met with a difference of alignment of- only 8 inches and a difference of level of 3 inches. | ||
BUSiPTTALKIG .T.Tf AI.L C.ROSS iTT.7 GT.T I 1T.E.n. | BUSiPTTALKIG .T.Tf AI.L C.ROSS iTT.7 GT.T I 1T.E.n. | ||
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