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-WHY WE ARE KEEN ON NATURE STUDY.
+=====Why We Are Keen On Nature Study.=====
-By H.A.Lindsay, Adelaide Bushyal7Y) -
-We have met members of other Bushwalking Clubs; most of t" have informed us that their members do not go in for any form of 21-,'
+By H.A.Lindsay, Adelaide Bushwalkers.
-study, their walks being conducted for the sake of the outing alone.
-Each to his own taste, of course --- but it is difficult to see how Club can carry out its avowed role of fauna and flora protection without it.
+We have met members of other Bushwalking Clubs; most of them have informed us that their members do not go in for any form of nature study, their walks being conducted for the sake of the outing alone. Each to his own taste, of course - but it is difficult to see how any Club can carry out its avowed role of fauna and flora protection without it.
-When Adelaide Bush Walkers was formed last year, we decided
-that a passive role was not enough as regards fauna and flora protection. 4 To save some of our harmless and beautiful native creatures from the
+When Adelaide Bush Walkers was formed last year, we decided that a passive role was not enough as regards fauna and flora protection. To save some of our harmless and beautiful native creatures from the extinction which is threatening them it is necessary to know all that can be learned of their breeding and feeding habits, and what their enemies are. Without such knowledge, the enthusiast is liable to waste his time or to do something worse than doing nothing - to take the wrong kind of action. A typical case of this kind was that of a man who decided that some form of drastic action was necessary to save the last few koalas found wild in S.A.; to be left as they were, scattered in ones and twos over miles of scrub, meant extinction. He and his sons accordingly went out with ladders and climbing irons, caught all the koalas and transferred them to the one spot. Up to that point they were on the right track. Then they made the bad mistake. In order to be able to keep an eye on them, they put them in trees close to the homestead. Within a few days the koalas looked very sick; within a week they were nothing but skin and bone; within another week all were dead. Starvation was the cause; the well-meaning amateurs did not know that the koala selects its food trees and will not touch some particular trees, even though they are of the right species, because the leaves have too much oil in them or by reason of the fact that they have developed a poison in them akin to hydrocyanic acid.
-extinction which is threatening them it is necessary to know all that
-can be learned of their breeding and feeding habits, and what their enedes are. ]ithout such knowledge, the enthusiast is liable to waste
+Something of the same sort holds good in the case of flora protection; it is not enough to place a plant or flower on the protected list. Often specimens of it have to be found after diligent searching, seeds or seedlings collected and a replanting programme carried out - the last-named always on land which is not grazed and which has some natural protection from fire. It also pays to enlist the co-operation of a landowner who will see that the rare plant is given a chance.
-his time or to do something worse than doing nothing ---- to take the
-wrong kind of action. A typical case of this hind was that of a man
+It must be admitted that one must have a natural "bend" for nature study, just as one must have an ear for music before trying to play an instrument, but for those who like it, no other form of study holds such a never-failing interest. It also increases the charm of a bush ramble a thousandfold, for you are learning to read old Mother Nature's writings at first hand. To quote one example; to many people ants are just ants. To others, they are among the most wonderful creatures in nature, whose evolution and social structures afford a striking parallel to those of human beings. The most ancient strain is the Ponarine - our old friend the bulldog ant belongs to it. Living in small colonies and strongly individualistic, going out singly to forage for food, they resemble our Aborigines. Next come the Dorylines, to which the terrible driver ants of South America belong; they hunt in packs and sweep across the country as did the hordes of Ghensis Khan, slaying every living thing they encounter. The Myrmicine ants are the only creatures beside man which plant, manure, weed and harvest food crops. The Formicine ants have a social structure almost exactly aimilar to that of a totalitarian state and one of their species - the Argentine ant, now such a pest around Melbourne, has actually embarked upon a programme of world conquest - the ant world, of course. Reading a book like "Of Ants and Men" puts you in possession of facts like these and opens up a new world for study; without such knowledge, ants remain ants to you.
-who decided that some form of drastic action was necessary to save the
-last few koalas found wild in S.A.; to be left as they were scatterod
+It Is just the same with our birds and our trees. It is the man or woman who can identify each species, who knows their life history and why they flourish in some areas and die out in others, who can do most towards preserving them. You will usually find that some scientists go out of their way to instruct the amateur, to teach you the real art of observation and how to gather the data which will aid your work. Perhaps a recent experience of ours will be more illuminating on this point than would yards of explanation.
-in ones and twos over miles of scrub, meant extinction. He and his sons accordingly went out with ladders and climbing irons, caught all the koalas and transferred them to the one spot. Up to that point they wera-on the-right track. Then they made the bad mistake. In _order to De-at2e to keep an eye on them, they put them in trees close -to the
-homestead. Within a few days the koalas looked very sick; within a
+Three of us went to Port Lincoln, taking with us a young member of the South Australian Museum Staff. He wanted to do as much collecting and gathering of information as possible; we intended to aid him in any way which lay in our power. The owner of a fishing ketch went miles off his course to land us on Thistle Island and to pick us up again; we found that the owner of this island is a nature lover who has declared it a Bird Sanctuary, and on it we found what some of us had sought for years - an ideal spot for establishing lowans. It was not enough to see acres of standing mallee which will not be burnt as they provide the only timber for fence posts on the island, nor to find the leaf mould suitable for nest mounds lying a foot deep under the trees; we had to make sure of the food supply, and that is where our knowledge of nature study was helpful. By raking away the leaves we found an abundance of the species of insects which form the chief food of the mallee fowl; there are no foxes on the island and human pests won't worry them there. At the first opportunity we intend to sent a few pairs of the birds to the island; if they fail to do well there it will be by reason of some factor which cannot be foreseen.
-week they were nothing but skin and bone; within another week all were dead. Starvation was the cause; the well-meaning amateurs did not know
-that the koala selects its food trees and will not touch Some particul
+Back on the mainland again, we were loaned a yacht to make short cruises around the coast and a truck to do overland trips. We still had a lot of walking to do on our own flat feet, but this kindness enabled us to cover a big scope of country, and to return with collecting boxes and jars filled with specimens for the Museum. Others had sought in vain for the campsites of the tribe of Aborigines who once roamed those miles of trackless sand dune and scrub, but we were more fortunate; we found four of them and on them collected a fine lot of stone tools, to later gladden the Ethnologist. At the same time we were able to plan future walks for club members and to locate water supplies, particularly along the rugged southern coast between Cape Wiles and Redbanks, from whose lofty cliffs you can see some of the grandest seascapes ever beheld by human eyes. We had also made a host of new friends and had had a marvellous holiday ourselves. The words "Flora and Fauna protection" and "South Australian Museum" had been the key which unlocked much of this for us.
-trees, even though they are of the right species, because the leavec too much oil in them or by reason of the fact that they have develo-_.L a poison in them akin to hydrocyanic acid.
-Something of the same sort holds good in the case of flora protacti-on; it is not enough to place a plant or flower on the protectc.1 list. Often specimens of it have to be found after diligent searching, seeds or seedlings collected and a replanting programme carried out -the last-named always on land which is not grazed and which has some natural protection from fire. It also pays to enlist the co-operation of a landowner who will see that the rare plant is given a chance.
+Adelaide Bush Walkers do not hold themselves up as models for others to copy. We are a young club and we know that we can learn a lot from the older ones. But we do state that it is a great advantage to Bushwaikers to have some people in their club who are keen on nature study and others who will help them in their work - even if the latter do not understand what it is all about. Further, you find nature lovers everywhere, and there is nothing like a common interest to break down the barrier between a casual acquaintance and firm friendship among the people whom you meet on your walks, especially on that all-important first visit.
-It must be admitted that one must have a natural "bend" for nature study, just as one must have an ear for music befor trying to play an instrument, but for those who like it, no other form of study holds such a never-failing interest. It also increases the charm of a bush ramble a thousandfold, for yOu are learning to read old Mother Nature's writings at first hand. To quote ane example; to:many people- ants are just ants. To others, they are among the most wonderful creatures in nature, whose evolution and social structures afford a striking parallel to those of human beings. The most ancient strain is the Ponarine --- out old friend the bulldog ant belongs to _it. Living in small colonies and strongly individualistic, going out singly to forage for food, they resemble our Aborigines. Next come the Dory- lines, to which the terrible driver ants of South America belong; they
-/
+(It will be very gratifying to S.B.W. mebers to learn of the keen interest being shown by the Adelaide Bush Walkers in conservation. The S.B.W. attitude has been that the worst enemy of flora and fauna is man, who destroys the flora, and with it the fauna, by ruthless exploitation. Our main efforts to date have been in the reservation of land for the protection of the bush. We have several members who have scientific training in one of the natural sciences and many who have acquired a knowledge since being admitted to the Club. - Ed.)
-hunt in packs and sweep across the country as did the hordes of Ghensis Khan, slaying every living thing they encounter. The Myrmicine ants are
+----
-- the only creatures beside man which plant, manure, weed and harvest food crops. The ForMicine ants have a social structure almost exactly aimilar to that of a totalitarian state and one of their species -- the Argentine ant, now such a pest around Melbourne, has actually embarked upon a program-de of world conquest -- the ant world, of course. Reading a book like "Of Ants and Men" puts you ih possession of facts like these errn-C1--(Yke-aS up a new world for study; without such knowledge, ants remain ants to you.
- It Is just the same with our birds and our trees. It is the InallOr'w)mall who can. identify each species, who knows their life history and why they flourish in some areas and die out in others, who can do most towards preserving them. You will usually find that Son scientists go out of their way to instruct the amateur, to teach you the real art of obser7ation and how to gather the data which will aid your work. Perhaps a recent experience of ours will be more illuminating on this point than would yards of explanation.
+====The Lost "Hiker".====
-Three Of us went to Port Lincoln, taking with us a young member of the-South Australian Museum Staff. He wanted to do as much collecting and gathering of information as possible; we intended to aid him in any way which lay in our power. The owner of a fishing ketch went miles of his course to land us on Thistle 'Island and to pick us up again; we found that the owner of this island is a nature lover who has declared it a Bird Sanctuary, and on it we found what some of us had sought for years --- an ideal spot for establishing Iowans. It was not enough to see acres of standing mallee which will not be burnt as they providethe only timber for fence posts on the island, nor to find the leaf mould suitable for nest mounds lying a foot deep under the trees; we had to make sure of the food supply, and that is where our knowledge of nature study was helpful. By raking away the leaves we found an alFundance of the species of insectsvhich form the chief food of the mallee fowl; there are no foxes on the island and human pests won't worry them there. At the first opportunity we entend to sent a few pairs of the birds to the island; if they fail to do well there it will be by reason of some factor which cannot be foreseen.
-Back on the 1-painland again, we were loaned a yacht to make short cruises around the 'coast and a truck to do overland trips. We still had a lot of walking to do on our own flat feet, but this kindness enabled us to cover a big scope of country, and to return with collect-
+Once again a hiker has become lost - as usual on a Monday. The Search and Rescue Section did a good job in planning for about 60 searchers to leave on Friday. People always do get lost on Mondays, after the week-end, but, with the best of organisation, the Search and Rescue cannot arrange a big search before Friday, since few can leave work at a few hours notice during the week. This means that the burden of the search falls on the police and the local residents, who are ill equipped for the work. Many lose time and pay while searching. Is it any wonder that the locals do their best to warn us off the rough country and keep on the roads?
-j0ng boxes and jars filled with specimens for the Museum. Others had sought in vain for the campsites of the tribe of Aborigines who once roamed those miles of trackless sand dune and scrub, but we were more fortunate; we found four of them' and onthem collected a fine lot of stona,tools, to later gladden the Ethnologist. At the same time we were able to plan future walks for club members and to locate water supplies, particularly along the rugged southern coast between Cape Wiles and Redbanks, from Whose lofty cliffs you can see some of the grandest seascapes ever beheld by human eyes. We had also made a host of new friends and had ha4 a marvellous holiday ourselves. The woras "Flora and Fauna yrotoctic;c
-and "South Australian muse-izm," had 12, erl. the key whirhunlocked much oi
+Perhaps the most alarming aspect is the publicity. A "hiker" lost in "rough mountain country" is always good copy. It should be a warning to us to see that our own members know their bushcraft.
-this for us.
-.
+----
-Adelaide Bush Walkers do not hold themselves up as models for others to copy. We are a young club and we know that we can learn a lot from the older ones. But we do state that it is a great advantage to Bushwaikers to have some people in their club who are keen on nature study and others who will help them in their work --- even if the latter do not understand what it is all about. Further, you find nature lovers everywhere, and there is nothing like a common interest to break down the barrier between a casual accivaintance and firm friendship among the people whom you meet on your walks, especially on that all-important first visit.
-(it will be very gratifying to S. B. r. illebers to learn of the keen interest being shown by the Adelaide Bush Walkers in conservation. The S.B.W. attitude has been that the worst ene. y of flora and fauna is man, who destroys the flora, and with it the fauna, by ruthless ex-
-ploitation. , Our main efforts to date have been in the reservati-on of
-lan_dfar_the protection of the bush. We have several iferibers_ who have
-- 7- ,
-scienuilic, 1,/ialning in one of the natural sciences and iianywl4ave
-acquired a knowledge since being admitted to the Club. - Ed.)
-THE LOST "HIKER".
-Once again a hiker has beco e lost - as usual on a Monday. -The Search and Rescue Section did a good job in planning for about 60 searchers to leave on Friday. People always do get lost on Londays, after the week-end, but with the best of organisation, the Search and Rescue cannot arrange a big search before Friday, since few can leave work at a few hours notice during the week. This ],loans that the burden of the search falls on the police and the local residents, who are ill -eruipped for the work. Many lose time and pay while searching. Is it any wonder that the locals do their best to warn us off the rough country and keep on the roads?
-Perhaps the most alarming aspect is the publicity. A "hiker" lost in "rough mountain country' is always good copy. It should be a warning to us to see that our own members know their bushcraft.
 By courtegy of "Dunk" our re-union recorder, we are enabled to publish the following list of children present at the re-union:
-Barry Duncan, Diana Croker, Caroline Croker, Suzanne Rose, Raney Moppett, Eileen Ashdowne, Nicky Yardley, ary Yardley, Gail Savage, Fran' Thorsen, Geff Chowne,Colleen Coffey, David Rootsdparthne Roots, Rosylin Roots, Ji5lan Lilner, Lynette ilier, Richard lilailler9 Phillip i..,oroney, Nora Earoney, Lyndal Bean, Wendy Butler, Graham Armstrong, Ross ;37.1porne.
-Pe:,Jale Member, to Male Member, outgoing from Club on Friday night: "Your manners are so circumspect in taking my arm to assist me down the steps -- but you didn't do that on Govett's Leapt"
+Barry Duncan, Diana Croker, Caroline Croker, Suzanne Rose, Nancy Moppett, Eileen Ashdowne, Nicky Yardley, Mary Yardley, Gail Savage, Fran Thorsen, Geff Chowne, Colleen Coffey, David Roots, Daphne Roots, Rosylin Roots, John Milner, Lynette Whiller, Richard Whiller, Phillip Moroney, Nora Maroney, Lyndal Bean, Wendy Butler, Graham Armstrong, Ross Wyborne.
-. A TALE OP WOE.
+----
+Female Member, to Male Member, outgoing from Club on Friday night: "Your manners are so circumspect in taking my arm to assist me down the steps - but you didn't do that on Govett's Leap!"
+----
+=====A Tale Of Woe.=====
 By Dennis Gittoes.
-Be warned -- never hire a car! That is, unless you are SU= it will go till the end of the journey. _Bill Cosgrove, George Diblc, Len Scotland, Fred Svenson and. I, hired a car together but none Of ven looked under the seat to see if there were any tools.
-The first day, after running out of petrol once, blowing out pile tire and tube, (and, of course finding NO tools), we camped by the roadside near Tarcutta in the Riverina.
+Be warned - never hire a car! That is, unless you are SURE it will go till the end of the journey. Bill Cosgrove, George Dibley, Len Scotland, Fred Svenson and I, hired a car together but none of us even looked under the seat to see if there were any tools.
-Next day, as we were driving down the main street in Wangaratta (Vic.) one of the back tires gave way, leaving only three for the rest of the trip. That night there was talk of dropping the original Mount
-'-::-Blilletr-p-Ian,--and catching buses and trucks to all parts of_the',countryside, Melbourne included. It would have been quite pleasant -sending a week on the banks of the Ovens at Wangaratta. However we were very fortuhate in being able to buy two old tires from the tire repair man in town and so -- e were free as the breeze, open road, open -- the bonnet and see why she won't go!"
+The first day, after running out of petrol once, blowing out one tire and tube, (and, of course finding NO tools), we camped by the roadside near Tarcutta in the Riverina.
-Now it was the motor pegged out on the steep grade just out
-of Harrietville. After pulling to pieces everything that we could, with the sole aid of a pair of pliers, namely, the petrol system and half the ignition system, 70 turned the stubborn car back downhill to coast beautifully (?) - until we were about a mile below the St. Bernard Hospice site when she petered out again.
+Next day, as we were driving down the main street in Wangaratta (Vic.) one of the back tires gave way, leaving only three for the rest of the trip. That night there was talk of dropping the original Mount Buller plan, and catching buses and trucks to all parts of the countryside, Melbourne included. It would have been quite pleasant spending a week on the banks of the Ovens at Wangaratta. However we were very fortunate in being able to buy two old tires from the tire repair man in town and so - "We were free as the breeze, open road, open - the bonnet! and see why she won't go!"
-And so another night of arguing as to whether we should go on or go back - as if we could go anywhere:
-Next mornirrx Len and I walked down to the car to get some gear and food. Just for luck he put his foot oft the starter and she went - first kick: So like a lot of mugs we threw our gear into (and onto) the liz, and climbed into (and only) it ourselves and went gaily on uphill, till we reached the top of Mr. Hotham where she conked ou-- Yes! Haven't I said that before? ell, we lay in the glorious alpins sunshine for three or four hours whilst two of our party l'ont on to the Chalet. They said they had lunch there, anyhow they did bring throe nice young girls back with them. In the meantime, a passing motorist 'sent a couple of mechanics up from Bright who fixed the Ford. These
+Now it was the motor pegged out on the steep grade just out of Harrietville. After pulling to pieces everything that we could, with the sole aid of a pair of pliers, namely, the petrol system and half the ignition system, we turned the stubborn car back downhill to coast beautifully (?) - until we were about a mile below the St. Bernard Hospice site when she petered out again.
-charged us eight pounds much to our horror. Half this cost was the two shillings a mile each way fee. And we even lent them our
+And so another night of arguing as to whether we should go on or go back - as if we could go anywhere!
-t,n opener at one stage:
-The trip so far, was like one series of breakdowns and tha further we went the more frequent they became. qe learned an excellent stunt for making the liz go when she repeatedly stopped. She would peter out about evdry mi1 (or evefl loss), on hills, 00 we poured water on various vell-to of the motor till it we)at. Using these tactics, we coaxed the old bus down to mac), then n croa toCorryong, camping the night on Deep Crook betwen tla tIv.0 town-sl, ail the Nariel Road.
+Next morning Len and I walked down to the car to get some gear and food. Just for luck he put his foot on the starter and she went - first kick! So like a lot of mugs we threw our gear into (and onto) the liz, and climbed into (and only) it ourselves and went gaily on uphill, till we reached the top of Mr. Hotham where she conked ou-- Yes! Haven't I said that before? Well, we lay in the glorious alpine sunshine for three or four hours whilst two of our party went on to the Chalet. They said they had lunch there, anyhow they did bring three nice young girls back with them. In the meantime, a passing motorist sent a couple of mechanics up from Bright who fixed the Ford. These mechanics charged us eight pounds much to our horror. Half this cost was the two shillings a mile each way fee. And we even lent them our tin opener at one stage!
-The unfaithful 1'odd fleY on past Corryong,' and ye ca_ped that night on the banks of the Lurray River near Thancoban. -17extorning, -e drove the car on for a few i1e and then walked to Reods laats, via Geehi Walls. At least -- the others walked -- I rode a horse. That afternoon we made camp in full view of the 1:ain Range, whose swirling laists and rugged ridges turned a pinkish tint in the light from the dying sun.
-On the following iorning we climbed the Pinnacle (5170 feet), rhich is the bump on the southern end of the Grey Hare Range. A fairly (pod view could be obtained from the trig. ,a_ter is always to be found last a little to the north, in a little gully, as it is above the snow
+The trip so far, was like one series of breakdowns and the further we went the __more__ frequent they became. We learned an excellent stunt for making the liz go when she repeatedly stopped. She would peter out about every mi1e (or even loss) on hills, so we poured water on various parts of the motor till it went. Using these tactics, we coaxed the old bus down to Omeo, then across to Corryong, camping the night on Deep Creek betwen the two towns, on the Nariel Road.
-T1-_e_I:Lain Range was silhouetted by the dawn of the next day as
-. 4713,-8-0-1-'rtreulTY retraced our steps back to the car. I say sorrowfully,
+The unfaithful odd flew on past Corryong, and we camped that night on the banks of the Murray River near Khancoban. Next morning, we drove the car on for a few mi1ew and then walked to Reeds Flats, via Geehi Walls. At least - the others walked - I rode a horse. That afternoon we made camp in full view of the Main Range, whose swirling mists and rugged ridges turned a pinkish tint in the light from the dying sun.
--ft/a Ife-viet-e-now well and truly on our way home. Leaving behirra green Geehi Plats, nestling between the wooded foothills, we reached the car, and then motored out onto the undulating plains. The big 1.ountains formed a backdrop till they finally -merged into the twilight near Batlow.
-Len drove the ''faithful" old bus on--.:1rds through the night at
+On the following iorning we climbed the Pinnacle (5170 feet), which is the bump on the southern end of the Grey Mare Range. A fairly good view could be obtained from the trig. Water is always to be found just a little to the north, in a little gully, as it is above the snow line.
-' a terrific pace, out goal being Tumut. Thulqo, Thu:.-.2p! tire flat, change wheel, on again. Len turns the steering wheel to go round a sharp bend in the road, the car doesntt answer. Pront spring broken! Somehow we managed to crawl into 2amut about 1,iidniLht, and as we clattered noisil into the camping grounds we must have caused sleeplessness in the tents and caravans of our many neighbours. Je decided to struggle on to Gundagai early next morning, before breakfast, and there get the front spring mended.
-.e started again before dawn and repeated the perforiaance of the night, by driving noisily out of the camping grounds, and waring everyone up. Eight cloch found us coo-kik; breakfast in a rubbish dump on the outskirts of Gundagai.
+The Main Range was silhouetted by the dawn of the next day as we sorrowfully retraced our steps back to the car. I say sorrowfully, for we were now well and truly on our way home. Leaving behind green Geehi Flats, nestling between the wooded foothills, we reached the car, and then motored out onto the undulating plains. The big mountains formed a backdrop till they finally merged into the twilight near Batlow.
-The garage man wouldn/t rend out spring but he lent us his tools, and due mainly to the efforts of Len, we soon had the Gar in tip top order. By midday we were speeding on again through the haze. As the
-eage posts flashed one by one behind us, the sun gradually relaxed its relentless heat and glare, and it was evening when we stopped by the cool banks of Paddy's River for tea.
+Len drove the "faithful" old bus onwards through the night at a terrific pace, out goal being Tumut. Thump, Thump! tire flat, change wheel, on again. Len turns the steering wheel to go round a sharp bend in the road, the car doesn't answer. Front spring broken! Somehow we managed to crawl into Tumut about midnight, and as we clattered noisily into the camping grounds we must have caused sleeplessness in the tents and caravans of our many neighbours. We decided to struggle on to Gundagai early next morning, before breakfast, and there get the front spring mended.
-_shortly we entered the hateful, smoky city, but somehow my mind was still sowewhere down near.Kosciusko's side.
+We started again before dawn and repeated the perforiaance of the night, by driving noisily out of the camping grounds, and waking everyone up. Eight o'clock found us cooking breakfast in a rubbish dump on the outskirts of Gundagai.
-Rumour has it that a certain member tried to poison a prospective with custard on a recent walk, and the prospective retaliated by trying to poison the nien,ber with porridge the following morning. What is the Club covain. to when prospectives can take such liberties without being seve-relzr reprimanded?
+The garage man wouldn't mend our spring, but he lent us his tools, and due mainly to the efforts of Len, we soon had the car in tip top order. By midday we were speeding on again through the haze. As the mileage posts flashed one by one behind us, the sun gradually relaxed its relentless heat and glare, and it was evening when we stopped by the cool banks of Paddy's River for tea.
+Shortly we entered the hateful, smoky city, but somehow my mind was still sowewhere down near Kosciusko's side.
+----
+Rumour has it that a certain member tried to poison a prospective with custard on a recent walk, and the prospective retaliated by trying to poison the member with porridge the following morning. What is the Club coming to when prospectives can take such liberties without being severely reprimanded?
+----
 :KIDDIL1S' T.P,LA2.