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 |Joadga|Wyranna| 5|
 |Creating a Primitive Area|H.A. Lindsay| 6|
-|Instruction Plua|Kevin Ardill| 8|
+|Instruction Plus|Kevin Ardill| 8|
 |The Annual Photographic Exhibition| |10|
 |Recipe for a Primadonna|M. Bacon|12|
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+=====Creating A Primitive Area.=====
-CRATING A PRIEITIVE AREA.
-By H. A. Lindsay (Adelaide Bush Walkers
+By H. A. Lindsay (Adelaide Bush Walkers)
-(This (article was written for the magazine by Er. Lindsay in response tb our request. Though the last primitive area ceased to exist last century with th',-3 idvent of the rabbit, the fox and the lucifer match taL:day bushwalkers seam to think that if an area is reserved and left alone it will become prjelitive. But the damage is too great for nature, unaided, to overcome. The area must be re-created and pre- Served by man. This is not to say thlt we would follow exactly the Same methods as have been evolved or the dry open bushlanC.s of S.A. Somewhat different methods might have to be used here. The acid test of the effectiveness of these methods would be the return of
-the native fauna - a test which fully justifies hr. Lindsay's methods 14. S.A. - Ed.)
+(This article was written for the magazine by Mr. Lindsay in response to our request. Though the last primitive area ceased to exist last century with the advent of the rabbit, the fox and the lucifer match many bushwalkers seem to think that if an area is reserved and left alone it will become primitive. But the damage is too great for nature, unaided, to overcome. The area must be re-created and preserved by man. This is not to say that we would follow exactly the same methods as have been evolved for the dry open bushlands of S.A. Somewhat different methods might have to be used here. The acid test of the effectiveness of these methods would be the return of the native fauna - a test which fully justifies Mr. Lindsay's methods in S.A. - Ed.)
-Few people realise how pprtions of Australia have changed since white setleident took place; even fewer realise what an immense amount of work and care it takes to restore an area to something its virgin st ate --- and then comes the task of maintenance. George French Angas painted many South Australian scenes in the early days of colonisation; comparing one of those paintings with the saJ.iic scone teday brings home to one the great chemgc which has tahen'place. In the paintings, the cusuarinas are shown to be as much a fo:It,.1re of the scene as the eucalypts, but today the gum tree is do-inant and the shooak or loulloak a rarity. Grazing by sheep and --- a thousand times worse --- the rabbit pest doesn't
-give more than one casuarina seedling in a thousand a chance to grow. Even more startling, is a visit to one of the bigger islands off the S.A. coast; the wealth of wild flowers, the abundance of fodder and the bird life on such a fox and rabbit-free natural sanctuary has to be seen to be believed.
+Few people realise how portions of Australia have changed since white settlement took place; even fewer realise what an immense amount of work and care it takes to restore an area to something its virgin state - and then comes the task of maintenance. George French Angas painted many South Australian scenes in the early days of colonisation; comparing one of those paintings with the same scene today brings home to one the great change which has taken place. In the paintings, the casuarinas are shown to be as much a feature of the scene as the eucalypts, but today the gum tree is dominant and the sheoak or bulloak a rarity. Grazing by sheep and - a thousand times worse - the rabbit pest doesn't give more than one casuarina seedling in a thousand a chance to grow. Even more startling is a visit to one of the bigger islands off the S.A. coast; the wealth of wild flowers, the abundance of fodder and the bird life on such a fox and rabbit-free natural sanctuary has to be seen to be believed.
-Te have an area declared a national reserve is the indespensable first step, but then the real work begins. The first step is to minimise the risk of the area being swept by a fire and for this, the boundary firebreak is indispensable. It need not follow the boundary line scrupulously; it is far better to run it across the most suitable areas. In heavily timbered areas, with little or no grass, bracken or underbrush, this is often a simple job; all fallen litter is raked into a long line and then lit. As it burns down, the fire is raked forward, a few feet at a time, until a belt some twenty feet wide has been cleared. A small party using ordinary ,g(=Irden rakes can clear a mile or more of break of this type in a weekend. Bracken and underbrush is best cut with a malice slasher -- an implement which is swung like a golf club -- heaped into a long ridge and burned when dry. Both these types of break are best done in the autumn. Grass is the hardest to deal with; it has to be burned off under expert supervision late in the spring. It must be born in mind that these breaks will check only a ground fire; nothing short of a clearing a quarter of a mile or more in width can Check the real forest blaze, roaring through the treetops. In
-.
+Te have an area declared a national reserve is the indespensable first step, but then the real work begins. The first step is to minimise the risk of the area being swept by a fire and for this, the boundary firebreak is indispensable. It need not follow the boundary line scrupulously; it is far better to run it across the most suitable areas. In heavily timbered areas, with little or no grass, bracken or underbrush, this is often a simple job; all fallen litter is raked into a long line and then lit. As it burns down, the fire is raked forward, a few feet at a time, until a belt some twenty feet wide has been cleared. A small party using ordinary garden rakes can clear a mile or more of break of this type in a weekend. Bracken and underbrush is best cut with a mallee slasher - an implement which is swung like a golf club - heaped into a long ridge and burned when dry. Both these types of break are best done in the autumn. Grass is the hardest to deal with; it has to be burned off under expert supervision late in the spring. It must be born in mind that these breaks will check only a ground fire; nothing short of a clearing a quarter of a mile or more in width can check the real forest blaze, roaring through the treetops. In addition to the break, the whole area must be gone over and all hollow logs - which also harbour rabbits - stumps and dead trees burned completely.
-addition to the break; the whole area must be gone over and all hollow logs -- which also harbour rabbits -- stumps and dead trees burned completely.
-Next on the list of qiusts" comes the rabbit pest. EVery warren and every burrow on the reserVe must be located, as well as for half a mile into the surrounding scrub, the rabbits killed by fumigating the burrows and digging them in.. Thereafter the sign of as much as a s1ni3le rabbit inside the reserve must be followed up and the invader dealt with at once. A netting boundary fence is useless unless regularly patrolled and kept in repair. That done, the work of restoration can begin. It is wise to enlist the aid of a botanist at this tage in order to ascertain the species of native flora which used to be found in the arca; specimens are often hard to locate but an old bush cemetery whobe netting fence has been kept in repair will often prove a happy hunting. ground.. Another good idea is to enable the flora to ,Istage a comeback" by clearing away an area of very thick underbrush on an open space, away from dense timber, and put a rabbit proof fence around it. In that way seeds which have been long dormant may germinate, and so will those of rare plants which had been growing in the shelter of the brush. Burning a little light rubbish in patches inside the fence also encourages seed germination. It is astonishing how the types of vegetation which appear to have vanished completely from the area will put in an appearance inside some of those enclosures.
+Next on the list of "Musts" comes the rabbit pest. Every warren and every burrow on the reserve must be located, as well as for half a mile into the surrounding scrub, the rabbits killed by fumigating the burrows and digging them in. Thereafter the sign of as much as a single rabbit inside the reserve must be followed up and the invader dealt with at once. A netting boundary fence is useless unless regularly patrolled and kept in repair. That done, the work of restoration can begin. It is wise to enlist the aid of a botanist at this tage in order to ascertain the species of native flora which used to be found in the area; specimens are often hard to locate but an old bush cemetery whose netting fence has been kept in repair will often prove a happy hunting ground. Another good idea is to enable the flora to "stage a comeback" by clearing away an area of very thick underbrush on an open space, away from dense timber, and put a rabbit proof fence around it. In that way seeds which have been long dormant may germinate, and so will those of rare plants which had been growing in the shelter of the brush. Burning a little light rubbish in patches inside the fence also encourages seed germination. It is astonishing how the types of vegetation which appear to have vanished completely from the area will put in an appearance inside some of those enclosures.
-Now make a thorough survey of the reserve with two objects in view --'tb plan where your paths will run and to decide what timber and undergrowth should be left exactly as it is, and what must come out. It is wrong to think that virgin bushland has no paths on it; I have seen some of the portions of Australia which. are Intouched by a hoof of domestic stock, and all are criss-oressed by kangaroo and emu pads, and also those made by the Aborigines as they move from one campsite to another, or to hunting and fishing grounds. Plan your paths on a strategic layout, to enable fire-fighters to get to any corner of the reserve, and also to any of those blind spots in the form of crags, thick brush or deep gullies whore colonies of rabbits can remain unsuspected until their damage becomes apparent.
-To attract our furred and feathered native fauna to the area, three things are needed -- freedom from molestation, water and food. Regular policing of the area ensures the first, clearing out and deepening of creek pools, springs and soaks, the second, but the last is a problem. To get grass to grow after the rabbits are under control, thin out the timber on creek flats and any patches of good soil. This also lets in the sun and creates open glades which have nothing artificial about their appearance; intact, they were a feature of much of our bushland before fires caused thickets of saplings to replace grassland. Where the timber is thinned the trees carry far more blossoms, thus attracting the honey-eating birds. If any xanthorhocas yaccas, grasstrees, blackboys, etc. -- grow in the
+Now make a thorough survey of the reserve with two objects in view - to plan where your paths will run and to decide what timber and undergrowth should be left exactly as it is, and what must come out. It is wrong to think that virgin bushland has no paths on it; I have seen some of the portions of Australia which are untouched by a hoof of domestic stock, and all are criss-crossed by kangaroo and emu pads, and also those made by the Aborigines as they move from one campsite to another, or to hunting and fishing grounds. Plan your paths on a strategic layout, to enable fire-fighters to get to any corner of the reserve, and also to any of those blind spots in the form of crags, thick brush or deep gullies where colonies of rabbits can remain unsuspected until their damage becomes apparent.
-area, the leaves of about 2(V of them should be ( Conti nued oirEM
-. -
+To attract our furred and feathered native fauna to the area, three things are needed - freedom from molestation, water and food. Regular policing of the area ensures the first, clearing out and deepening of creek pools, springs and soaks, the second, but the last is a problem. To get grass to grow after the rabbits are under control, thin out the timber on creek flats and any patches of good soil. This also lets in the sun and creates open glades which have nothing artificial about their appearance; intact, they were a feature of much of our bushland before fires caused thickets of saplings to replace grassland. Where the timber is thinned the trees carry far more blossoms, thus attracting the honey-eating birds. If any xanthorhoeas yaccas, grasstrees, blackboys, etc. - grow in the area, the leaves of about 20% of them should be burned off in regular rotation every autumn; this causes them to flower next spring and the heads of their long peduncles yield an abundance of honey and pollen. By enlisting the aid of a beekeeper you can ascertain the honey-yielding of of the district, be sure to include as many specimens of them as possible in your programme of replanting. To help out your grass, burn __little__ patches of scrub out every autumn, as the Aborigines did, to enable marsupials to feed on the young growth. This also prevents the formation of those dense thickets of old bush full of dead sticks, which become a roaring inferno when a fire hits them. If done when the underlying leaves are damp, these fires don't do any harm; it is the big fire which destroys all the humus and hills out the wildflowers.
-burned off in're 11:thr-.rot tibn. every' 'au:tuthns; this causes thorn to
-flower next dpring and the heids'of their long pedthcles yield. aa, abundance of honey and pollen.. T3y enlpting the aid of a beekeeper you ciln uscortain the honey-yielding lo of the district, be sure to include as ',.hany 'secimens of thbm'as,possible in your programme of replanting. To help out your grass,:lourn little Patches of scrub out every autumn, 'arc'the Aborigines did,-tO enable marsupials, to food. on the young growth. This also prevent'the formation of those dense thickets of old bush full of dead sticks, which beCoi;10 roaring inferno when a fire hits them. If done when the underlying
+I'm not airing theories; the above is all sound and practicable as my wife and I proved when we did it on our own property. Many others have also done it. Admittedly, it involves a 1ot of work, much of which __must__ be done at the right time, but it is indeed labour of love.
-' leaves are damp, these Pires don't do any harm; it is the big fi_re which -destroys all the humus and hills Out the wildflowers.,
-'n not airing theories; the above is all sound and Poracticable as my'wifa and I proved when we did it On Our ev-rdO
+Your reward comes eventUally. Kangarooa and wallabies graze throughout the area; birds nest in the hollow limbs. Claw scratches on the bark of trees show that the larger opossums have found a sanctuary; if you use a torch at night when shrubs like the banksia are in flower, you may find that tiny and beautiful creatures like the doormouse opossum and the feather-tailed/phalanger have also found a safe home. At blossom time birds are thick in the branches above; with every passing year the trees and shrubs which you have replaced grow taller and more sturdy; if you can keep the fires out and do not let up in your ceaseless battle against the rabbits the wildflowers appear in ever-increasing numbers. Then you can look about you and say "Our club has done something worthwhile. This is indeed as it was in the beginning."
-'pperty.
-Many others hive also done it., Admittedly, it involves a 1,qt-of work, much of which must be done at the right time, but"it:ib:Indeed labour of love
+----
-Your rew,Ard cores eventUally. Kangaroo And' 1-vla1ics. gpaze throughout the 're,l; birds nest in the hollow limbb. 'Claw 'scratches -on the bark of irs3es show that the larger biDossUms- have found a sanctuary.; if -,you use a torch at nigh when shrubs like the banksia are in flower, you may find thLt tiny and,be aUti- U1 ere4tures like the door:_ouse opossum and the feather-tailed/fohalangei, have -also found a safc: home. At blosocco ti 10 birds are thick in the branches above; with every pasing year tho -trees and shrubs'wliioli*Y01:1.1.4aYP, replaced grow taller and. 4x)re sturdy, if you can-keepth,fires out and do not let-up in your ceaseless battle against- the ratibits'the w2ldflowea2s appear in ever-increasing numbers. Then yOu Can look about you and say "Our club has done something ,worthwhile. This is
-indeed as it was in the beginning."
+====="Instruction Plus."=====
-uINSTRUCTION'PLUS."
 By Kevin Ardill.
-, P.G..Wodehouse or Lennie LaWer veuld be the ideal person to describe the Instructional Week End but I will endeLvour to do
-my humble best. (Murmurs of the modest type.") 'skip, the rain trip to Glenbrook, mentioning only in passing that after a'Iittle solid rucking at Central and Strathfield a couple of the boys were approached by Rugby League talent scouts.
+P.G..Wodehouse or Lennie Lower would be the ideal person to describe the Instructional Week End but I will endeavour to do my humble best. (Murmurs of "the modest type.") I'll skip the train trip to Glenbrook, mentioning only in passing that after a little solid rucking at Central and Strathfield a couple of the boys were approached by Rugby League talent scouts.
-Colin Lloyd was darting aboUt with maps and instructions and there were ,not a few humorous-and:bright remarks being exchanged. Wal Roots brings himself into-the spotlight by remarking to Tam iloPPett, "Wouldn't it be runny if you went and gotyourself lost." To be truthful I have hearl similar expre-ssions on twenty seven walks and you, gentle reader, may have at some time been guilty of such an indescretion. I utter no word of censure or
+Colin Lloyd was darting about with maps and instructions and there were not a few humorous and bright remarks being exchanged. Wal Roots brings himself into the spotlight by remarking to Tom Moppett, "Wouldn't it be funny if you went and got yourself lost." To be truthful I have heard similar expressions on twenty seven walks and you, gentle reader, may have at some time been guilty of such an indescretion. I utter no word of censure or reproach as the Editor does not wish to lose too many subscribers.
-reproach as the Editor does not wish to lose too many subscribers.
-Colin hc10 ,aapped out three routes to St. Eclena. One party to go the quickest route along the Bridle Track and two parties on each of two other routes, one along the creek and the other up the ridge. Ten zdnutes interval was allowed between the two parties on tho last two routes. This doesn't seem clear oven to Me but anyhow I found myself in Party No. 1 with Peg Bransdon, Christa Calnan, Olive Jurd, Chris Gordon, Roley Cotter and Jack ron. Mainly by a ml,mture of first class map reading and supernatural walking ability we arrived at St. Helena at 4.30 p m. and made preparation for the camp. First party to arrive was Luke Priddle, Stan Madden and Bob Palmer. Next came darkness closely follo ied by Colin Long, Kevin Dean and Len Falls. After another short period, next to salute the Judge was Tam Moppett with Bill Kinley, Ron Stone and Stan illverard. There was a counting of heads and the gathering is one party short, to wit Vial Roots, Ken Smith and Roy Cunningham.
+Colin had mapped out three routes to St. Helena. One party to go the quickest route along the Bridle Track and two parties on each of two other routes, one along the creek and the other up the ridge. Ten minutes interval was allowed between the two parties on the last two routes. This doesn't seem clear even to me but anyhow I found myself in Party No. 1 with Peg Bransdon, Christa Calnan, Olive Jurd, Chris Gordon, Roley Cotter and Jack Wren. Mainly by a mixture of first class map reading and supernatural walking ability we arrived at St. Helena at 4.30 p.m. and made preparation for the camp. First party to arrive was Luke Priddle, Stan Madden and Bob Palmer. Next came darkness closely followed by Colin Long, Kevin Dean and Len Falls. After another short period, next to salute the Judge was Tom Moppett with Bill Kinley, Ron Stone and Stan Everard. There was a counting of heads and the gathering is one party short, to wit Wal Roots, Ken Smith and Roy Cunningham.
-e were past the soup and on to the roast duck and green peas when lights flickered down the ridge. No customers, it uas not 'al Roots, but Phil Hall being led, and liking it, by Kath Hardy and Val Doming. They cane up on a later train and they had not seen the missing links either. I a.1,1 assured that '1a1 will be
-but nevertheless my appetite is affected and I have great difficulty in masticating iy third plate of duck, and only for fear of offending Peg do I lap up a small portion of apple and custard. Luke and Colin are also seen dealing with a plum pudding that would have fitted more comfortably in a bucket than a tin.
+We were past the soup and on to the roast duck and green peas when lights flickered down the ridge. No customers, it uas not Wal Roots, but Phil Hall being led, and liking it, by Kath Hardy and Val Downing. They came up on a later train and they had not seen the missing links either. I am assured that wa1 will be O.K. but nevertheless my appetite is affected and I have great difficulty in masticating my third plate of duck, and only for fear of offending Peg do I lap up a small portion of apple and custard. Luke and Colin are also seen dealing with a plum pudding that would have fitted more comfortably in a bucket than a tin.
-A camp fire is a necessity and the party is just warming up when someone introduced Aunt Martha. This person is no lady but purely imaginary and her likes and dislikes give the clues to a little zcental problem - Aunt Liartha is one of those little mental teastrs that usually passes the time, and distracts the mind very well in a train, the dentist's waiting room or place of torture. On this evening, however, it became an epedemic. There was not a voice raised in song, funny stories were not told, and believe it or not, no one remembered when we were on such and such a walk. Aunt Martha will receive not another line but you can see her damaging influence when I tell you that everyone was abed by 9 p m. and most were in a state of mental exhaustion.
-We did not arise with the lark and the clock showed ten before the crew assebled for a first aid talk by Doctor Cotter. Without throwing the big bunch of flowers I consider the Doctor gave the best condensed lecture on the subject th2t I Ilave ever heard. the talk, illustrated with practical examples and fourteen feet of Oticking plaster, lasted one hour and covered just about everything you would wish to know. There was a demonstration of artificial respiration which I consider is of utmost importance to bushwalkers generally.
+A camp fire is a necessity and the party is just warming up when someone introduced Aunt Martha. This person is no lady but purely imaginary and her likes and dislikes give the clues to a little mental problem - Aunt Martha is one of those little mental teastrs that usually passes the time, and distracts the mind very well in a train, the dentist's waiting room or place of torture. On this evening, however, it became an epedemic. There was not a voice raised in song, funny stories were not told, and believe it or not, no one remembered when we were on such and such a walk. Aunt Martha will receive not another line but you can see her damaging influence when I tell you that everyone was abed by 9 p.m. and most were in a state of mental exhaustion.
-While in the serious mood I would like to give the general impression of the Instructional Week End. Everyone was satisfied
+We did not arise with the lark and the clock showed ten before the crew assebled for a first aid talk by Doctor Cotter. Without throwing the big bunch of flowers I consider the Doctor gave the best condensed lecture on the subject that I have ever heard. The talk, illustrated with practical examples and fourteen feet of sticking plaster, lasted one hour and covered just about everything you would wish to know. There was a demonstration of artificial respiration which I consider is of utmost importance to bushwalkers generally.
-that it was a vast improvement on the Field Week End, as it combined the instructional side with a reasonably hard walk, where prospectives and new members were confronted with the task of leading their parties with the aid of nap and compass.
-After lunch and in various small parties, we took off for Springwood. By the time we arrived we liere practically a unit again. Partnership was dissolved at the station, and by train and but the instructed ones journeyed home. I was on the train and partly from habit and mostly because I was forced by the packed carriage, I poked my head out at Glenbrook and who do you think I saw? If you
+While in the serious mood I would like to give the general impression of the Instructional Week End. Everyone was satisfied that it was a vast improvement on the Field Week End, as it combined the instructional side with a reasonably hard walk, where prospectives and new members were confronted with the task of leading their parties with the aid of map and compass.
-don't plump for the -al Roots trio you're wrong. Because of the
-crowd I do not have conversation with '7al but I know he accompanied
+After lunch and in various small parties, we took off for Springwood. By the time we arrived we were practically a unit again. Partnership was dissolved at the station, and by train and but the instructed ones journeyed home. I was on the train and partly from habit and mostly because I was forced by the packed carriage, I poked my head out at Glenbrook and who do you think I saw? If you don't plump for the Wal Roots trio you're wrong. Because of the crowd I do not have conversation with Wal but I know he accompanied us on both train journeys. What he did in the interim is at present one of the great mysteries of the year.
-us on both train journeys. That he did in the interim is at present one of the great mysteries of the year.
 After rereading this effort of mine I'm afraid it might be good policy if I too lose myself somewhere or other. Any suggestions Wal?
-ANNUAL PHOTOGRAPHIC 1I-IIBI LION.
-The moons, the stars, the strea=s of the aurora borealis, and the other nocturnal emblems which bedizen our clubroom, were reduced to faint blurs above the dazzling light of innumerable globes,
+----
-hanging from hitherto unsuspected points on the ceiling, when the
-photographic exhibition opened on June 20th. Beneath this incandescent galaxy the photographs were arranged on rows of forms and
+=====The Annual Photographic Exhibition.=====
-chairs placed on the top of two lines of tables. A large crowd of bushwalkers swarmed and eddied around the exhibits, which were, as you will have gathered, full of interest. In fact it is unlikely that one would see anywhere else a coarable display of bushland photography taken by those who know and understand the bush. There were many new and artistic studies as well as some of our old favourites. Here it may be 11aentioned that these well-known photographs are appreciated as Duch, if not ELc)re than, the new, and it is a pity that more of them are not displayed. Having described the brilliant scene we will now attempt a description, 7, and 0.L7i.,
-of the exhibits. The ';E's:' are due to our ignorance. The i'C's" we
+The moons, the stars, the streamers of the aurora borealis, and the other nocturnal emblems which bedizen our clubroom, were reduced to faint blurs above the dazzling light of innumerable globes, hanging from hitherto unsuspected points on the ceiling, when the photographic exhibition opened on June 20th. Beneath this incandescent galaxy the photographs were arranged on rows of forms and chairs placed on the top of two lines of tables. A large crowd of bushwalkers swarmed and eddied around the exhibits, which were, as you will have gathered, full of interest. In fact it is unlikely that one would see anywhere else a comparable display of bushland photography taken by those who know and understand the bush. There were many new and artistic studies as well as some of our old favourites. Here it may be mentioned that these well-known photographs are appreciated as much, if not more than, the new, and it is a pity that more of them are not displayed. Having described the brilliant scene we will now attempt a description, E and O.E., of the exhibits. The "E's" are due to our ignorance. The "O's" we pin on the bashful (of lazy) photographers who neither autograph nor describe their works.
-pin on the bashful (of lazy) photographers who neither autograph nor describe their works.
-Starting with Roly Cotter's exhibit, perhaps the best of his studies was that of the Valley 17=, idegalong. It was a nicely balanced blend of trees, shadow and sunlight and very real. Anotber which we liked was the Blue Lake, Kosciusko, in which the gleaming snow drifts contrasted with dark rock faces. The texture of the snow and the glimmer of the water wore very effective. Another Kosciusko one, taken from Pound's Creek, portrayed well the approach of snow clouds. There were two very pleasant studios of the Tumut River, a striking picture of the vertical rock columns of Barn Bluff, and a number of other mountain and River views. His photograph of Gordon Smith on the rocks tn the bed of the Kowmung brought back tender memories.
+Starting with Roly Cotter's exhibit, perhaps the best of his studies was that of the Valley Farm, Megalong. It was a nicely balanced blend of trees, shadow and sunlight and very real. Another which we liked was the Blue Lake, Kosciusko, in which the gleaming snow drifts contrasted with dark rock faces. The texture of the snow and the glimmer of the water were very effective. Another Kosciusko one, taken from Pound's Creek, portrayed well the approach of snow clouds. There were two very pleasant studies of the Tumut River, a striking picture of the vertical rock columns of Barn Bluff, and a number of other mountain and River views. His photograph of Gordon Smith on the rocks in the bed of the Kowmung brought back tender memories.
-John Houghton (C.M.'!.) has a very artistic exhibit. Some of his steel-engravure like effects were, we are informed, created by bromoil printing. One, taken on the Kanangra River, of casuarinas mirrored in still water, necded ohly-an elf or a fairy to become pixieland. Fis study of the snow-bound iTawson's Hut was delightful, -hile i'Morning at Euroha" caught vividly the glistening dew on grass and trees. There was nice graduation of shade and sun in his study of the Cox.
+John Houghton (C.M.W.) has a very artistic exhibit. Some of his steel-engravure like effects were, we are informed, created by bromoil printing. One, taken on the Kanangra River, of casuarinas mirrored in still water, needed only an elf or a fairy to become pixieland. His study of the snow-bound Mawson's Hut was delightful, while "Morning at Euroka" caught vividly the glistening dew on grass and trees. There was nice graduation of shade and sun in his study of the Cox.
-David Stead's nature studies wore well arranged. Perhaps the best was "legless lizard. - coiled symmetrically to refeal its anatomy. There wore good studies of rock lilies and other flowers,
-including an artistic and delivate black and white photograph of "Pomaderris ferruginctm." His photograph of a reunion camp-fire
+David Stead's nature studies were well arranged. Perhaps the best was "legless lizard" - coiled symmetrically to reveal its anatomy. There were good studies of rock lilies and other flowers, including an artistic and delicate black and white photograph of "Pomaderris ferruginetum." His photograph of a reunion camp-fire gathering was as clear as if taken in daylight, even the wrapt and amused expression on faces were perfectly clear. He had some excellent tree studies, particularly of the big tree in Bluegum Forest. An interesting variation was one which he styled "Riveriera Sydneiensis" - taken from near Rose Bay, with nothing but trees, beach and water to be seen. The photograph of the "Tigers" on the edge of Tiwilla Canyon was one of the old ones that never fades.
-gathering was as clear as if taken in daylight, even the wrapt and amused expression on faces were perfectly clear. He had some excellent tree studies, particularly of the big tree in Bluegum Forest. An interesting variation was one which he styled "Riveriera Sydneiensisd' taken from near Rose Bay, with nothing but trees,
-beach and water to be seen. The photograph of the "Tigers" on the
+Allan Hardie had some varied exhibits. Perhaps his best were of Kosciusko. Seamon Hut looked like some quaint Chinese structure and made a good study, the hut itself and foreground rocks, being highlighted by the sun. Kosciusko from Lake Albina was a good portrayal of the rolling tops of Australia's roof.
-edge of Tiwilla Canyon was one of the old ones that never fades. Allan Hardie had some varied exhibits. Perhaps his best
-wore of Kosciusko. Seamon Hut looked like sonic quaint Chinese structure and made a good study, the hut itself and foreground focks, being highlighted by the sun. Kosciusko from Lake Albina was a good portrayal of the rolling tops of Australiats roof.
+Malcolm MicGregor can be depended on to produce some vivid and original prints, and his main subject - the Main Range, Kosciusko - lent itself well to his style. One of Mount Lee was fine composition of dark landscape, glistening snow, and light wisps of the whitest cloud. Another, taken from beneath the overhanging edge of a snow drift, caught the smooth rounded snow curves and shadows, and contrasted them with the landscape beyond. A photograph of a different tyre, but equally atmospheric, was that of a muddy road on Broger's Creek, taken in the dawn light. Mud, early morning light and dark foliage are not easy to depict, but the effect was most realistic.
-Malcolm IicGregorcan be depended on to produce some vivid
-and original prints, and his main subject - the Main Range, Kosciusko - lent itself well to his style. One of Mount Lee was fine
+Dorothy Lawry exhibited only three prints, but they were very effective ones, particularly "Reflections, Burragorang" in which the cliff faces and casuarinas were perfectly mirrored in the glassy waters of the Wollondilly. There was a friendly camp site scene on Galong Creek and a pleasant road side scene on Mount Wilson, which did justice to the English trees and the sunlight.
-composition of dark lands cape, glistening snow, and light wisps of the whitest cloud. Another, taken from beneath the overhanging
-edge of a snow drift, caught the smooth rounded snow curves and shadows, and contrasted them with the landscape beyond. A photo-
+Ira Butler chose a difficult subject in the Warrumbungles, which seem to lack contrast and be dwarfed in most photographs. We are told that he used a telephoto lense to get his nicely arranged photographs of the Split Rock and other features. Presumably this was used too to get a photograph of an eagle soaring high above one of the great rock spires. He also had a good photograph of the summit, Kosciusko, which showed to advantage the curves of the last of the snow drifts. Another, taken in winter on the Main Range, was entitled "Snow Shadows." It was a very artistic blend of smooth snow slope and soft shadow, with a faint line of animal tracks running across the slope.
-graph of a different tyre, but equally atmospheric, was that of a
-muddy road on Brogerls Crook, taken in the dawn light. Mud, early morning light and dark foliage are not easy to depict, but the effect was most realistic.
+Arthur Gilroy also chose the Warrumbungles for some of his best enlargements, but chose panoramic, rather than close views. His photographs gave a good impression of the country as a whole and depicted a weird collection of strange mountains. He also had a very clear photograph of the South Coast, taken from near the old Otford tunnel at Stanwell Park. It was a nicely balanced study of mountain, beach, sea, and cloud.
-Dorothy Lawry exhibited only three prints, but they were
-very effective ones, particularly "Reflections, Burragorang" in which the cliff faces and casuarinas were perfectly mirrored in the glassy waters of the Wollondilly. There was a friendly camp site scene on Galong Creek and a pleasant road side scone on Mount 51.1son, which did justice to the English trees and the sunlight.
+Th6se, as far as we know, were the exhibitors. On looking them over again we realise that they were all old members. Perhaps the shortage of equipment is the reason, but we seem to have seen at least some recent members taking photographs. What do they do with them.
-Ira Butler chose a difficult subject in the Warrumbungles, which seem to lack contrast and be dwarfed in most photographs. are told that he used a telephoto lense to get his nicely arranged photographs of the Split Rock and other features. Presumably this was used too to get a photograph of an eagle soaring high above one
-of the great rock spires. He also had a good photograph of the surmait, Kosciusko, which showed to advantage the curves of the last of the
+----
-V
-snow drifts. Another, t4-c en in winter on the Main Range, was entitled "Snow Shadows..' It was a very artistic blend of smooth snow slope and soft shadow, with a faint line of animal tracks running across the slope.
-Arthur Gilroy also chose the Warrumbungles for some of
-his best enlargements, but chose panoramic, rather than close views. His photographs gave a good impression of the country as a whole and depicted a weird collection of strange mountains. He also had
-a very clear photograph of the South Coast, taken from near the old
-Otford tunnel at Stanwell Park. It was a nicely balanced study of mountain, beach, sea, and cloud.
-Th6se, as far as we know, were the exhibitors. On looking them over again we realise that they were all old members. Perhaps
-the shortage of equipment is the reason, but we seem to have seen at least some recent members taking photographs. What do they do
-with thedi
 R;;pIPE FOR A _PRIKADONNA.
 By M. Bacon.