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+=====The Habits And Distribution Of Mistletoe.=====
+by A.L. Wyborn, Hon Sec. and Acting Hon Organiser, Forestry Advisory Council.
+Famed in literature as the delicate symbol of feminine caprice and encouragement to the laggard lover, the mistletoe has an undeservedly popular reputation in the lay mind and its depredations are conveniently forgotten.
+Several species of mistletoe (Loranthaceae sp.) are found on gum trees. It is a hemi-parasite, i.e. it lives partly by synthesising its own food material and partly in its host plant. It is this parasitic function that makes mistletoe such a menace, causing as it does disfigurement of ornamental trees and stunting and ultimate killing of forest trees.
+The raveges of mistletoe are reaching alarming proportions, and it is the duty of all foresters, beekeepers, etc. to strive towards its elimination. Although millions of our trees have been destroyed by this pest, it is not too late to do something about it. There is in addition, evidence to suggest that mistletoe has an indirect harmful effect by leaving the way open for an infection of the tree by fungi and insect pests.
+The seeds of mistletoes are generally surrounded by a viscid gum. This sticky gum enables the seed to adhere closely to the bark of trees. The adhering seeds soon germinate and send suckers (haustoria) through the bark of the host tree into its living tissues. From the living tissues of the host the parasite derives nourishment, as it has no roots of its own in contact with the soil. It seems most likely that birds convey the seeds of the parasite from tree to tree, after having eaten the sweet gummy fruits.
+Of the coastal species Eucalyptus tereticornis (Blue Gum) is considered the most susceptible to mistletoe attack, and of the western species the most susceptible are Eucalyptus rostrata (River Red Gum), and the Boxes: Eucalyptus pilligaenis (Narrow Leaved Box), and Eucalyptus hamiphloia (Grey Ironbox). For some years past reports have been received from districts through which the Condamine River flows, to the effect that there has been a large increase in the mistletoes on the gum trees on the banks of the river.
+Many of the trees are so closely infested by the parasite that they are threatened with destruction. It has also been reported that opossuns keep the mistletoe in check, and that after the opossums are thinned out by trapping and shooting, there is a dangerous increase in mistletoes parasiting the gum trees. This seems reasonable, for opossums certainly play their part in keeping the balance of nature.
+Some mistletoe are particular as to their host. Loranthus pendulus mostly occurs on eucalyptus, L. Bidwillii grows only on Cypress Pines and L. linophyllus on She-oaks. Some are common on many trees but prefer a particular kind, thus L. vitellinus is especially abundant on the Swamp Mahogany, L. congener on She-oaks and Notothixos incanus on Ti-trees. N. Subaureus always grows on other mistletoes, instead of direct on to a host tree. Some mistletoes are indifferent as to their host and grow on many shrub and forest trees.
+Since mistletoe requires much light, reasonably dense stands suffer little, but mistletoe is most severe on trees occupying poor sites where it is difficult or inpossible to maintain adequate density.
+(In the next issue Mr. Wyborn will describe methods of mistletoe control.)
+----
+=====Bush Fire Prevention.=====
+Lecture by Mr. Kingsmill, Executive Officer of the Bus Fires Advisory Council, on 26th September.
+Mr. Kingsmill commenced by stating that probably we could give him some points on bushfire prevention, but that he was very glad of the opoortunity to meet is and let us know what the Council is doing.
+His first point was that the general public does not realise the great loss caused by bushfires. During fires in Victoria in 1944/5 70 people lost their lives and in 1939 50 people died in four or five days. Also in the U.S.A. the cost to the nation of forest and other fires was greater than the entire war damage in England.
+We were assured that the Council does not exist simply to impose irritating restrictions on the lighting of fires in the open by the public; but for the prevention of the careless use of fire by means of education, advice on fire fighting and by fire controls.
+In country areas, apart from State Forest, local Councils are responsible for fire fighting, which is accomplished solely by voluntary efforts, funds being raised locally. Control from Sydney is not advisable, the Bushfires Advisory Council's part is to co-ordinate and advise on equipment. They have recommended to the Government the granting of a subsidy.
+The period of extreme fire hazard is from October to March. In order not impose undue inconvenience complete prohibition is seldom imposed for more than two days.
+warnings are based on weather Bureau advice. When the apparent danger has passed a notice is placed in the papers repealing the regulations. The intention is to use Radio Stations, just after the 7 p.m. news on Fridays (also to advise Paddy Pallin) to broadcast fire lighting banning and repeal.
+The Council insists that in Parks, Reserves and open Bushland only properly constructed fireplaces be used, all inflannable material being cleared for 10 ft. around. Failing the use of a properly constructed fireplace, care should be taken to see that the fire is not built near a log or stump, and all inflammable material for 25 ft. around should be cleared.
+The best protection for the bush is proper fireplaces, fire trails, and adequate fire fighting equipment.
+The Penalty under the "Careless Use of Fire Act", for leaving a fire alight is £50, or 3 months in prison.
+Camp fires are the chief cause of bush fires on the Blue Mountains. The outlook at the moment is not promising, bad fires being expected during the Summer.
+Mr. Kingsnill appealed to us to become Hon. Rangers under the "Careless Use of Fire Act", to exercise the greatest care when in the bush, and not to take the slightest chance of leaving a fire unextinguished. The job of the Bush Fires Advisory Council is to stir up the national consciousness and to bring constantly before people the terrible effects of fires and the means by which they can be prevented.
+----
-THE HABITS AND DISTRIBUTION OF MISTLETOE.
-by A.L. yborn, Hon Sec. and Acting Hon Organiser, Forestry Advisory Council.
-Famed in literature as the delicate symbol of feminine caprice and encouragement to the laggard lover, the mistletoe has an
-undeservedly popular reputation in the lay mind and its depredations are conveniently forgotten.
-Several species of mistletoe (Loranthaceae sp.) are found
-on gum trees. It is a heri-parasite, i e. it lives partly by synthesising its own food material and partly in its host plant.
-It is this parasitic function that makes mistletoe such a men9ce, causing as it does disfigurement of ornamental trees and sturting
-and ultimate killing of forest trees
-The revages of mistletoe are reaching alarming proportions, and it is the duty of all foresters, beekeepers, etc. to strive towards its elimination. Although millions of our trees have been destroyed by this pest, it is not too rate to do something about it. There is in addition, evidence to suggest that mistletoe has an indirect harmful effect by leaving the way open for an infection of the tree by fungi and insect pests.
-The seeds of mistletoes are generally surrouhded by a viscid gum. This sticky gum enables the seed to adhere closely to the bark of trees. The adhering seeds soon gerrinb te,and send suckers (haustoria) through t he bark of the host tree.. into its living tissues. From the living-tissues of the host the parasite derives
-nourishment, as it has no roots of its awn in contact with the soil.. It seens most likely that birds convey the seeds of the
-parasite from tree to tree, after having eaten the sweet gummy fruits.
-Of the coastal species Eucalyptus tereticornis (Blue Gum)
-is considered the most susceptible to mistletoe attack, and of the western species the most susceptible are Eucalyptus rostrata
-(River Red Gum), and the Boxes. Eucalyptus pilligaenis (Narrow Leaved Box), and Eucalyptus hamiphloia (Grey Ironbox). For some
-years past reports have been received from districts through
-which the Condamine River flows, to the effect that there has been
-a large increase in the mistletoes on the gum trees on the banks of the river.
-vany of the trees are so closely infested by the parasite
-that they are threatened with destruction. It has also been reported that opossuns keep the mistletoe in check, and that after the opossums are thinned out by trapping and shooting, there is a
-dangerol,s increase in mistletoes parasiting the gum trees. This seems reasonable, for opossums certainly play their part in keep-
-ing the balance of nature.
-Some mistletoe are particular as to their host. Loranthus.
-.
-regulations. The intention'is'to use Radio Stations, justaf;er the
-p m. new on Fridt ys (also to advise Paddy Pallin) to broadcast ft-e lighting banning and repeal.
-The Council insists that in Parks, Reserves and open Bushland only properly constructed fireplaces be used, all inflannable material being cleared for 10 ft. around. Failing the use of a properly constructed fireplace, care should be taken to see that the fire is not
-built near a log or stump, and all inflammable material for 25 ft. around should be cleared.
-The best protection- for the bush is proper firepla ces, fire
-trails, and adequate fire fighting equipment.
-The Penalty under the liCareless Use of Fire Act'', for leaving a
-fire alight is 50, or 3 months in Prison.
-Carp fires are the chief cause of bush fires on the Blue
-Mountains. The outlook at the moment is not promising, bad fires
-being expected during the Surner.
-Yr. Kingsnill appealed to us to become Hon. Rangers under the
-fiCareless Use of Fire Act", to exercise the greatest care when in the
-bush, and not to take the slighteSt chance of leaving a fire unextinguished. The job ofthe Bush Fires Advisory Council is to
-stir up the national consciousness and to bring constantly before
-people the terrible effects of fires and the means by which they can
-be prevented.
 "SUCKED IN" PI.L...29S1-_21112.L.P134..
 Have yo U been to Kanangra and back in a weekend? If nor, one
@@ Line 214: / Line 224: @@
 .
-pendulus mostly occurs on eucalyptus, L. Bidwillii grows only on Cypress Pines and L. linophyllus on She-oaks. Some are common on many trees but prefer a particular kind, thus L. vitellinus is especially abundant on- the Swamp Mahogany, L. congener on She-oaks and Notothixos incanus on Ti-trees.. N. Subaureus always grows on other mistletoes, instead of direct on to a host tree. Some mistletoes are indifferent as to their host and grow on many.1 shrub and forest trees.
-Since mistletoe requires much light, reasonably dense stands - suffer little, but Plistletoe is most severe -on trees occupying poor sites where it is difficult or inpossible to maintain adequate density.
-(In the next issue Nr. yporn will describe methods o ilistletoe control.)
-BUSE FIRE'PREVNT
-Lecture by Mr. KingsmillutiVe'tfficer of the Bus hfires Advisory Councilon 26th Septembers
-  ;),-;
-. AMr. Kingsmill cormenced by sytatl4C.tharQbably we could..
-. . .
-, give him some points 6n..bushfire Pr6ventiOnputatshe,.was very glad of the opPortunityto Meet Ut'and.Tet. tWknqW,what the Coun-
-bil isdoing.. ' r e
-His first point was that the general public does not realise the great loss caused by bushfires. During fires in Victoria in 1944/5 70 people lost their lives and in 1939 50 people died in four or five days. Also in the U.S.A. the cost to the nation of forest and other fires was greater than the entire war darage in England.
-'we were assured that the Council does not exist simply to:'
-impose irritating restrictions on the lighting of fie in the open by the public; but for the'PrIvr3ntion of the'careleso.,uqe
-of fire by means of education, advice on fire fighting and by fire controls.
-In country areas, apart from State Forest, local Councils are
-. responsible for fire fighting, which is accomplished solely by voluntary efforts, funds being raised locally. Control from Sydney is not advisable, the Bushfires Advisory Council's part il to coordinate and advise on equipment. They have recommended to the
-Government the granting of a subsidy.
-The period of extreme fire hazard is from October to March.
-In order not impose undue inconvenience complete prohibition is seldom imposed for more than two days.
-warnings are based on idu:ather -,.;tareau advice. 'hen the apparelt danger has passed a notice is placed in the papers repealing the
 dm.  1:41.