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-THE FIRST GANGERANG WALK.
+=====The First Gangerang Walk.=====
 By Maxwell Gentle.
-After visiting Kanangra Walls, via Gingra, in August, 1928, my next ambition was t walk over the Gangerang Range. On joining the
-Sydney Bush Walkers in 1929, I learnt that this range was unknown to club members, and the data givcn on available maps was very limited.
+After visiting Kanangra Walls, via Gingra, in August, 1928, my next ambition was to walk over the Gangerang Range. On joining the Sydney Bush Walkers in 1929, I learnt that this range was unknown to club members, and the data given on available maps was very limited.
 While fellow member, Myles Dunphy, tempted me with descriptions of the Upper Kowmung gorge, somehow the rugged heights of Gangerang proved the greater attraction.
-A Burragorang cattleman, -Michael Maxwell, had been on part of
-Gangerang, and information given by him indicated the best places to climb the range, and its low cliffs, also where water might be found.
+A Burragorang cattleman, Michael Maxwell, had been on part of Gangerang, and information given by him indicated the best places to climb the range, and its low cliffs, also where water might be found.
-While I was on a Friday evening train journey on Eight Hour weekend, 1929, a chance meeting with Gordon Smith, at Valley Heights,
-resulted in having company on my Gangerang walk, instead of going alone.
+While I was on a Friday evening train journey on Eight Hour weekend, 1929, a chance meeting with Gordon Smith, at Valley Heights, resulted in having company on my Gangerang walk, instead of going alone.
-I knew that Gordon would see the distance because he was 50 miles champion road walker of Australia. Needless to say we made good progress on the walk out from Wentworth Falls that night, to our camp site at the Sunset Rock. No tent, blankets or sleeping bags were
-carried and we slept on a bed of leaves by a log fire. Fortunately the Wbather was fine and clear, and we made good time with our light !acks, walking down Kedumba Pass next morning.
+I knew that Gordon would see the distance because he was 50 miles champion road walker of Australia. Needless to say we made good progress on the walk out from Wentworth Falls that night, to our camp site at the Sunset Rock. No tent, blankets or sleeping bags were carried and we slept on a bed of leaves by a log fire. Fortunately the weather was fine and clear, and we made good time with our light packs, walking down Kedumba Pass next morning.
 We reached our breakfast site on Cox's River at 8.30 a.m., and the Cox-Kowmung junction at 12 noon.
-At 2.30 p.m. on Saturday afternoon we commenced to climb the Gangerang Range, from a point one mile further up the Cox. The ridge was at first a lightly timbered grassy slope, and rose very steeply
-for about 1,400 feet, then becoming boulder strewn, with thicker under-
+At 2.30 p.m. on Saturday afternoon we commenced to climb the Gangerang Range, from a point one mile further up the Cox. The ridge was at first a lightly timbered grassy slope, and rose very steeply for about 1,400 feet, then becoming boulder strewn, with thicker undergrowth. A low cliff with a cave was skirted here, being similar to the rocks on the adjacent Mt. Kookem. A fine view opened out up the Cox gorge, as far as the "Konangaroo Creek" area, mentioned in Surveyor Govett's writings, and its western tributary, rising near the "highest land", called by the Blacks of his time (if the word can be written as they pronounced it) "Kuo-uogang".
-growth. A low cliff with a cave was skirted here, being similar to the
-rocks on the adjacent Mt. Kookem. A fine view opened out up the Cox
+About four miles from our viewpoint could be seen the low cliffs of Gangerang plateau, and so we continued to ascend the ridge we were on, which was seen swinging more to the southwest, in that direction.
-gorge, as far as the "Konangaroo Creek" area, mentioned in Surveyor Govettls writings, and its western tributary, rising near the "highest land", called by the Blacks of his time (if the word can be written as they pronounced it) "Kuo-uogang".
-About four miles from our viewpoint could be seen the low cliffs
+Our route lay through a thick forest of Turpentine and Eucalyptus saplings, but we sometimes enjoyed a glimpse of the mountain country northward to Mt. Mouin and Clear Hill. One of the best views was looking down Little Ti-willa Creek and across the Kowmung River to Byrnes Gap, and Tonalli Range.
-of Gangerang plateau, and so we continued to ascend the ridge we were on, which was seen swinging more to the southwest, in that direction.
-Our route lay through a thick forest of Turpentine and Eucalyptus saplings, but we sometimes enjoyed a glimpse of the mountain country
+Nightfall found us camped on a bed of leaves by a log fire, and we each had a two quart billy of water, which we had carried up from the river.
-northward to Mt. Mouin and Clear Hill. One of the best views was
-looking down Little Ti-willa Creek and across the Kawmung River to
+At daybreak next morning we continued walking along the thickly timbered flat topped ridge, which soon commenced to rise steeply, and eventually reached the foot of the low cliffs of sandstone and conglomerate.
-Byrnes Gap, and Tonalli Range.
-Nightfall found us camped on a bed of leaves by a log fire, and
+A way up was found through a break in these cliffs (Gentles Pass) on the Ti-willa Creek side, and then, after walking a mile on a lightly timbered, stony ridge on the plateau, a stop was made for breakfast by a running stream, in a swampy upland gully.
-we each had a two quart billy of water, which we had carried up from
-the river.
+Later we walked southward over a slight rise, and then across the main marsh of the plateau, in the direction of a high hill, which we then thought to be the Gangerang peak. On reaching its crest we could see higher land ahead, and further progress was temporarily halted by a precipitous canyon, which a creek from the marsh had cut right through the ridge we were on (a geographical rarity).
-.
-At daybreak next morning we continued walking along the thickly timbered flat topped ridge, which soon commenced to rise steeply, and eventually reached the foot of the low cliffs of sandstone and
+This creek was later to be named "Dex Creek", and the high hill "Bolwarra". The view west extended across the Kanangra gorge, while eastward could be seen the grassy flats of the Lower Cox Valley.
-conglomerate.
-A way up was found through a break in these cliffs (Gentles Pass) on the Ti-willa Creek side, and then; after walking amile on a lightly
+After crossing Dex Creek, a well defined quartzite ridge led us along to the highest point of the range (Mt. Cloudmaker) at 12 noon, where marvellous views opened out over Kanangra gorge, and the famous walls, glowing in the sunlight.
-  timbered, stony ridge an the plateau, a stop was made for breakfast by a running stream, in a swampy upland gully.
-Later we walked southward over a slight rise, and then across the main marsh of the plateau, in the direction of a high hill, which we then thought to be the Gangerang peak. On reaching its crest we cculd see higher land ahead, and further progress was temporarily halted by
+The ridge then became very spectacular, and ran westward, resembling a great heap of boulders, coming to a point on top. It dipped and rose again about three times, and then swung southward. After a series of dips and knobs, the rock hopping over the very hard type of quartzite became easier, and the now grassy ridge descended steeply to Gabes Gap, the lowest saddle on the range in this section. From this gap it was possible to look west down a dry creek bed to Kanangra Creek, while a gully with tree ferns dropped down on the east side to Gingra Creek.
-a precipitous canyon, Which a creek from the marsh had cut right through the ridge we were on (a geographical rarity).
-  This creek was later to be named "Dex Creek", and the high hill Bolwarra". The view west extended across the Kanangra gorge, while eastward could be seen the grassy flats of the Lower Cox Valley.
+A very steep climb followed and presently we came to the foot of Craft's Wall, which we avoided, by keeping on its east side. After passing a number of caves, formed by the overhanging walls, we found ourselves on the main ridge again, which, after less than a mile, ended under the walls of Kanangra Tops. A break in the walls, 100 yards to the south, provided a way up. This was later to be named "Smith's Pass". From there it was easy going west past Mt. Maxwell and over a narrow neck to the iron ladder.
-After crossing Dex Creek, a well defined quartzite ridge led us
-along to the highest point of the range (Mt. Cloudmaker) at 12 noon, where marvellous views opened out over Kanangra gorge, and the famous
+Our campsite for the night, in the cave with the dance platform, was reached at 4 p.m., a little over a day's walk from the Cox-Kowmung junction.
-walls, glowing in the sunlight.
-The ridge then became very spectacular, and ran westward, resembling a great heap of boulders, coming to a point on top. It dipped
+On Monday morning Gordon was more at ease, walking along the old cart track to Jenolan Caves. We passed through the Grand Arch there at 1.30 p.m., and continued walking along the road for another 11 miles before being given a ride in a service car to Mt. Victoria, in time to catch the 7.15 p.m. train to Sydney.
-and rose again about three times, and then swung southward. After a series of dips and knobs, the rock hopping over the very hard type of quartzite became easier, and the now grassy ridge descended steeply
-to Gabes Gap, the lowest saddle on the range in this section. From this gap it was possible to look west down a dry creek bed to Kanangra Creek, while a gully with tree ferns dropped down on the east side to Gingra Creek.
+Thus ended a good three days walk, but the next few months saw the first ascent of Mt. Paralyser and Thurat, the first visit to Mt. Guouogang, and the first walk along Yellow Dog.
-A very steep climb followed and presently we care to the foot of Craft's Wall, which we avoided, by keeping on its east side. After
-passing a number of caves, formed by the overhanging walls, we found
+I remember standing on Mt. Moorilla, after a spell of torrential rain, in June 1930, when the view from there was really a picture, as it included five big waterfalls on the side of Thurat, which are not usually running. Next day, the first descent of Ti-willa Buttress was made.
-ourselves on the main ridge again, which, after less than a mile, ended under the walls of Kanangra Tops. A break in the walls, loo yards to
-the south, provided a way up. This wa3 later to be named 'Smith's Pass". From there it was easy going west past Mt. Maxwell and over a narrow neck to the iron ladder.
+It was good to walk along the well defined ridges of this predominantly quartzite country. The experience gained in bushwalking there was essential to us in 1931, when we ventured into a relatively dry Capertee-Colo area, which is only partly surveyed, but otherwise of rugged sandstone country, deeply intersected by precipitous ravines.
-Our campsite for the night, in the cave with the dance platform,
-was reached at 4 p.m., a little over a day's walk from the Cox-Kowmung junction.
+----
-On Monday morning Gordon was more at ease, walking along the old
-cart track to Jenolan Caves. We passed through the Grand Arch tier'
+=====What Place-Names Mean To Us.=====
-at 1.30 p.m., and continued walking along the road for another 11 miles before being given a ride in a service car to Mt. Victoria, in time
-to catch the 7.15 p.m. train to Sydney.
-.
-Thus ended a good three days walk, but the next few months saw
-the first ascent of Mt. Paralyser and Thurat, the first visit to Mt. Guouogang, and the first walk along Yellow Dog.
-remember standing on Mt. Moorilla, after a spell of torrential
-rain, in June 1930, when the view from there was really a picture, as
-it included five big waterfalls an the side of Thurat, which are not usually running. Next day, the first descent of Ti-willa Buttress was
-made.
-It was good to walk along the well defined ridges of this
-predominantly quartzite country. The experience gained in bushwalking there was essential to us in 1931, when we ventured into a relatively dry Capertee-Cole area, which is only partly surveyed, but otherwise
-of rugged sandstone country, deeply intersected by precipitous ravines.
-WHAT PLACE-NAMES MEAN TO US.
-.....................rwlmoramaalmo=101101.....mmowisso.o.
 By Myles J. Dunphy.
-The writer has been asked to throw some light on the subject of
-named features in the Greater Blue Mountains, particularly as they
+The writer has been asked to throw some light on the subject of named features in the Greater Blue Mountains, particularly as they affect bushwalkers. The subject is too wide and involved to be covered in this article, which only scratches its surface, so to speak.
-affect bushwalkers. The subject is too wide and involved to be covered in this article, which only scratches its surface, so to speak.
-When the bushwalkers of this generation have passed on to Elysium, the ten million or so people who will be living in the population centres surrounding the Greater Blue Mountains will realize that the
+When the bushwalkers of this generation have passed on to Elysium, the ten million or so people who will be living in the population centres surrounding the Greater Blue Mountains will realize that the bushwalkers of the past were constructive in their time and had some vision for the future. They not only made persistent efforts to save their bushland wilderness for its environmental value and biologic content, but also invested it with the aura of romantic interest. It will be recognized, thankfully, we hope, that they played a prominent part in the creation of national parklands of great intrinsic value, in the face of insidious destruction caused by commercial interests of one kind and another. The necessarily slow and cautious progress of Governmental action towards measures of preservation will be acknowledged. The story will go down the years in maps and books, and in official files. There will be a vast regret for action taken too late, for mistakes made, for the fact that the people's parliamentary representatives adhered to party lines and rarely acted as individual statesmen. The State budgets of the times, because of the recurrence of national crises, did not include items for the creation and maintenance of action for the preservation of Australian scenery, wild-life, and bushland for outdoor living, particularly in the face of the concerted opposition of bodies interested in primary production.
-bushwalkers of the past were constructive in their time and had some
-vision for the future. They not only made persistent efforts to save their bushland wilderness for its environmental value and biologic content, but also invested it with the aura of romantic interest. It
+Many years have passed since bushwalkers opened up this matter, that is, their angle of conservation, and too little of the general plan has been accomplished; but we have made the machinery by which we work and we intend to keep it working. One never knows! We might be surprised in pleasant fashion: our ideas are constructive, our positive use of the outlands remains a consistent fact, we are sane and live actively in health in the best bushland environment we can reach, our recreation is educational, our words frame facts that all can understand, we hope the best for the future, and have unlimited faith in those other conservators about us who work to the same end. We keep moving steadily onward; with us the Albanian mountaineers' mott is appropriate: "little by little". For one fact stands out plainly from our experience: if we were to desist from our efforts there would be an immediate slump in public interest, and the aathorities would take a more leisured pace in these matters. Forgotten files would accumulate in the archives, and, Heaven forfend, they micht be consigned to the incinerator. There must be continuity of effort in planning the preservation of the things we want to use and save for the use of others.
-will be recognized, thankfully, we hope, that they played a prominent
-part in the creation of national parklands of great intrinsic value, in
+It may disappoint some of our colleagues of the outdoors to learn that not many names of bushwalkers appear on the features of our bushland environment. Mainly because of origins some early walkers' names have been perpetuated; most are in relatively minor positions topographically but important to bushwalkers, indicating lookouts, passes and such-like. At times the authorities have attached the names of prominent citizens to features, as can be seen on the High Monaro, but personal names are frowned on unless genuinely historic. Therefore in this section we have proceeded with caution.
-the face of insidious destruction caused by commercial interests of one kind and another. The necessarily Blow and cautious progress of Governmental action towards measures of preservation w4_11 be acknowledg, ed. The story will go down the years in :maps and books, and in official files. There will be a vast regret for action taken too late, for mistakes made, for the fact that the peoplefs parliamentary representatives adhered to party lines and rarely acted as individual statesmen. The State budgets of the times, because of the recurrence of national crises, did not include items for the creation and maintenance of action for the preservation of Australian scenery, wild-life, and bush- land for outdoor living, particularly in the face of the concerted opposition of bodies interested in primary production.
-Many years have passed since bushwalkers opened up this matter, that is, their angle of conservation, and too little of the general plan has been accomplished; but we have made the machinery by which we work and we intend to keep it working. One never knows: We might be surprised in pleasant fashion: our ideas are constructive, our positive use of the outlands remains a consistent fact, we are sane and live actively in health in the best bushland environment we can reach,
+There is no objection to euphonious aboriginal place-names, or for aptly descriptive but not offensive names, or to systems of names that give interest to the topography of a locality and to the map. However, there are rules and custom to be observed; there are limitations. By and large, the Under Secretary for Lands and the Surveyor General constitute the approving authority. Local Government bodies also have certain powers in this direction, which are exercised rather carefully, more especially in the matter of re-naming streets, localities and natural features in measured portions, because deeds and leaseholds very often show included or adjacent named features and boundaries. The simple alteration of an established place-name can be a very awkward circumstance but sometimes it has to be made.
-.
-our recreation is educational, our words frame facts that all can understand, we hope the best for the future, and have unlimited faith in those other conservators about us who work to the sane end. We keep moving steadily onward; with,us the Albanian mountaineers mono is appropriate: "little by little. For one fact stands out plainly from our experience: if we were to desist from our efforts there would be an immediate slump in public interest, and the aathorities would take a more leisured pace in these matters. Forgotten nies would accumulate in the archives, and, Heaven forfend, they micht be consigned to the incinerator. There must be continuity of effort in planning the preservation of the things we want to use and save for the use of others.
-0  0 0 0 0 o 0o o 00 0 006
-It may disappoint some of our colleagues of the outdoors to learn that not many names of bushwalkers appear on the features of our bush- land environment. Mainly because of origins some early walkers' names have been perpetuated; most are in relatively minor positions
-topographically but important to bushwalkers, indicating lookouts, passes and such-like. At times the authorities have attached the names of prominent citizens to features, as can be seen on the High Monaro, but personal names are frowned on unless genuinely historic. Therefore in this section we have proceeded with caution.
-There is no objection to euphonious aboriginal place-names, or for aptly descriptive but not offensive names, or to systems of names that give interest to the topography of a locality aad to the map. However, there are rules and custom to be observed; there are limitations. By and large, the Under Secretary for Lands and the Surveyor General constitute the approving authority. Local Government bodies also have certain powers in this direction, whjch are exercised rather carefully, more especially in the matter of re-naming streets, localities and natural features in measured portions, because deeds and leaseholds very often show included or adjacent named features and boundaries. The simple alteration of an established place-name can be a very awkward circumstance but sometimes it has to be made.
-0 0   0   0    0 0  0 0  0 0
 In the work the writer has done in this way, in the Greater Blue Mountains region, spread over many years, he has been guided by an urge to provide a basis for a great national park, to fix points of history and to build up a romantic atmosphere about a remarkably scenic tract of country which deserves the best of treatment from everybody. With the help of many walkers the original expressionless blanks on the old parish and tourist maps of this area of some 3,500 square miles have become intelligible to foot travellers, by reason of charted features and a considered nomenclature. The Department of Lands produced the standard map required. Now it is possible to discuss this region with confidence as to places and time-distance, to give directions and understand descriptions of routes. The fact that the region now is safer is unimportant to bushwalkers but vital to hikers.
-The People of the Little Tents have had a lot of high adventure in this region. The grand idea is to preserve both the scene and the
-.
+The People of the Little Tents have had a lot of high adventure in this region. The grand idea is to preserve both the scene and the spirit of adventure; for this the primitive wilderness is a necessity. It is considered to be a heritage of inestimable value, to be handed on, in the best possible condition - and cared for - to future generations of appreciative outdoors people. All along we have been taking action to have the unproductive tracts of this scenic wilderness region preserved for this best ultimate use, whilst appealing to the various authorities for assistance.
-spirit of adventure; for this the primitive wilderness is a necessity. It is considered to be a heritage of inestimable value, to be handed
-on, in the best possible condition - and cared for - to future
+In our own social way we have learned about the natural attractions of the great mountainous barrier region, until now we are very certain of its general value as environment. We know its interesting plateaux and peaks, frescoed walls and vast buttresses, master-ranges, breaks and gaps; its canyons and deeps, beautiful streams, forests, heaths and fern-gullies. Better than any other section of our people we know the intrinsic value of the wilderness areas, which we very much desire should remain as such, without roads and settlements and free of the blight of commercial undertakings and polluted streams. We want the Greater Blue Mountains National Park established.
-generations of appreciative outdoors people. All along we have been taking action to have the unproductive tracts of this scenic wilderness
-region preserved for this best ultimate use, whilst appealing to the various authorities for assistance.
+The standard tourist map - which includes very little of the northern half of the region - shows that much interest has been added to the face of what was really wild country when heavy-pack exploring walkers first engineered their routes across it. To a certain extent it was the haunt of cattle-duffers and moonshiners. Its trails were known only to local bushmen who had reasons for riding into and across it. Within its fastnesses were scrubber cattle and brunbies, at least one stag, and a great quantity of marsupial, reptilian and bird life up to 1916, when skin-getting became a business. Then trappers, shooters, timber-getters, some cattlemen, and the great recurrent bushfires from 1928-9 onward, depleted natural values and decimated wild-life.
-In our own social way we have learned about the natural attract-
-ions of the great mountainous barrier region, until now we are very certain of its general value as environment. We know its interesting plateaux and peaks, frescoed walls and vast buttresses, master-ranges, breaks and gaps; its canyons and deeps, beautiful streams, forests, heaths and fern-gullies. Better than any other section of our people we know the intrinsic value of the wilderness areas, which we very much desire should remain as such, without roads and settlements and free of the blight of commercial undertakings and polluted streams. We want the Greater Blue Mountains National Park established.
+In this limited article there is little space left for information about particular place-names. As an earnest of what is meant by giving interest to the features of this region, let us consider two of the most prominent peaks of Tallarat Crags: Arabanoo Peak and Cambage Spire. Where Christy's Creek joins Kowmung River, in the Southern Blue Mountains, there is a chaotic array of canyons, crags and peaks. The twisting Tiamat Canyon of East Christy's Creek junctions with Christy's Creek Canyon a few hundred yards from the Kowmung at the upper end of Bulga-Denis Canyon. East Christy's Creek rises between several plateaux of Kanangra Tops (3,500 feet) then drops steeply southward.
-The standard tourist nap - which includes very little of the
-northern half of the region - shows that MUCh interest has been added
+Our two peaks stand opposite and close to each other in splendid companionship, divided only by the deep and narrow defile of Tiamat Canyon which, in its special type of ruggedness, may be said to represent the abysmal chaos from which all life has sprung. The two peaks stand as brothers in a ruggedly romantic scene, symbolic of blackman and whiteman, Neolothic aborigine and modern Caucasian. They will serve to perpetuate the memory of two remarkable men. They will remind thoughtful Australians of the understanding union which should have existed between the original inhabitants of this land and the white intruders - a union which Governor Phillip and his friends tried to establish in the early days of the First Settlement at Port Jackson, but which others consistently neglected as an unimportant and profitless matter.
-to the face of what was really wild country when heavy-pack exploring walkers first engineered their routes across it. To a certain extent
-it was the haunt of cattle-duffers and moonshiners. Its trails were
+Arabanoo was the first native captured by Governor Phillip and made partly civilized, 1789. He was adopted by the Governor, lived in his house, and was educated to be an intermediary between whites and natives, and an interpreter of ways and manners. The few learned Europeans of Sydney Settlement studied him as an ethnological specimen and were amazed by his native powers. Tench wrote: "He was very helpful to the Governor but died of smallpox and was buried in the Governor's garden. The character of Arabanoo was distinguished by a portion of gravity and steadiness... his countenance was thoughtful but not animated. His fidelity and gratitude... were constant and undeviating and deserve to be recorded... of a gentle and placable temper... impatient of indignity... allowed no superiority on our part... The independence of his mind never forsook him... at retaliation of merriment he was often happy... He did not want docility... He was perhaps the only native who ever attached to us from choice... By his death the scheme which had invited his capture was utterly defeated". Arabanoo Peak, therefore, stands as a permanent monument to a good example of Australian aborigine.
-known only to local bushmen who had reasons for riding into and across
-it. Within its fastnesses were scrubber cattle and brunbies, at least one stag, and a great quantity of marsupial, reptilian and bird life
+Richard Hind Cambage, F.L.S., M.R.S.(N.S.W.), a learned scientist of Sydney, possessed many and varied accomplishments... natural and open-handed friendliness... native dignity... simplicity of mind... forbearance and trustfulness, - which qualities, had they been applied to a greater extent by our early forefathers, would have produced a much better feeling of friendliness between aborigines and Europeans throughout this island continent. They would have helped in the preservation of aboriginal ethnological treasures and spiritual background, of which nothing was known for a long time; they would have aided the preservation of a remarkably interesting race of people.
-up to 1916, when skin-getting became a business. Then trappers,
-shooters, timber-getters, some cattlemen, and the great recurrent bushfires from 1928-9 onward, depleted natural values arid decimated.
+For another reason, also, Cambage Spire was so named. It was R.H. Cambage who first realized the importance of Ensign Francis Barrallier's attempts to cross the Blue Mountains barrier in 1802. He had Barrallier's account of his three journeys in French translated and himself personally made a very thorough investigation of the routes. He traced him to the junction of Christy's Creek with Kowmung River, and there identified fossils mentioned by Barrallier; but he could not trace him farther. Cambage Spire overlooks this junction, on the northern side, the highest of three eminences all in line.
-wild-life.
-0 0  0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0  0  0 0 IP 0 0
+Cambage Spire stands as a monument to a worthy Australian scientist, a good example of European gentleman. Without a doubt he would have understood Arabanoo.
-In this limited article there is little space left for information
-about particular place-names. As an earnest of what is meant by giving interest to the features of this region, let us consider two of the
+Away over on the other side of the Kanangra Tops, beyond Kanangra Deep, the vast Thurat Walls stand up about the bases of Big Thurat (4,200 feet), Mount Danae (4,100 feet) and Big Misty (4,000 feet). Between the Thurat Spires that rise almost sheer from the depths of the Deep, on the one side, and the terraced Cliffs of Seriphes that form the rimrocks of the Golden Terrace about Mount Danae, on the other side, lies a tremendous abyss, nearly 2,000 feet deep, known only to a few bushwalkers and trailers. This is the Pooken Hole, gloomy den of The Pooken, the great mist monster, which conceals its tenuous bulk in the depths of ferny jungles, rock-crevices and scree-runs for long periods during warm weather, so that it will be overlooked by innocent travellers. Whenever a cool, damp, south-easterly wind blows in from the distant sea, The Pooken stealthily emerges under a darkness of its own making. Its cold, wraithy tentacles rise against the terraced walls; they lap over the rimrocks, then curl with amazing speed across the Thurat moors and rills to envelop the surprised and fleeing travellers upon which the mist monster subsists.
-most prominent peaks of Tallarat Crags: Arabanoo Peak and Cambage Spire. Where Christy's Creek joins Kowmung River, in the Southern
-Blue Mountains, there is a chaotic array of canyons, crags and peaks.
+(Refer to "Tartarus - the Christy's Creek country of the Kowmung", by M.J.D., in "Into the Blue", journal of the Coast and Mountain Walkers of N.S.W., September 1951 issue. It deals with place-names.)
-The twisting Tiamat Canyon of East Christy7s Creek junctions with Christy's Creek Canyon a few hundred yards from the Kowmung at the
-upper end of Bulga-Denis Canyon. East Christy's Creek rises between several plateaux of Kanangra Tops (3,500 feet) then drops steeply
+----
-southward.
-Our two peaks stand opposite and close to each other in splendid companionship, divided only by the deep and narrow defile of Tiamat
-Canyon which, in its special type of ruggedness, may be said to represent the abysmal chaos from which all life has sprung. The two peaks stand as brothers in a ruggedly romantic scene, symbolic of
-blackman and whiteman, Neolothic aborigine and modern Caucasian.
-They will serve to perpetuate the memory of two remarkable men. They
-will remind thoughtful Australians of the understanding union which should have existed between the original inhabitants of this land and
-,,
-the white intruders - a union which Governor Phillip and his friends tried to establish in the early days of the First Settlement at Port Jackson, but which others consistently neglected as an unimportant and profitless matter.
-Arabanoo was the first native captured by Governor Phillip and
-made partly civilized, 1789. He was adopted by the Governor, lived
-in his house, and was educated to be an intermediary between whi-Ges and natives, and an interpreter of ways and manners. The few learned Europeans of Sydney Settlement studied him as an ethnological specimen and were amazed by his native powers. Tench wrote: He was very help-
-ful to the Governor but died of smallpox and was buried in the Governor's garden. The character of Arabanoo was distinguished by a portion of gravity and steadiness .. his countenance was thoughtful
-but not animated. His fidelity and gratitude   were constant and
-undeviating and deserve to be recorded .... of a gentle a-id placable temper .... impatient of indignity  allowed no superiority on our
-part   The independence of his mind never forsook him   at
-retaliation of merriment he was often happy   He did not want
-docility   He was perhaps the only native who ever attached to us
-from choice .... By.his death the scheme which had invited his capture was utterly defeated". Arabanoo Peak, therefore, stands as a permanent monument to a good example of Australian aborigine
-Richard Hind Cambage, F.L.S., M.R.S.(N.S.W.),a learned scientist of Sydney, possessed many and varied accomplishments .. natural and open-handed friendliness .. native dignity . simplicity of mind .. forbearance and trustfulness, - which qualities, had they been applied to a greater extent by our early forefathers, would have produced a much better feeling of friendliness between aborigines and Europeans throughout this island continent. They would have helped in the preservation of aboriginal ethnological treasures and spiritual background, of which nothing was known for a long time; they would have aided the preservation of a remarkably interesting race of people.
-For another reason, also., Cambage Spire was so named. It was R.H. Cambage who first realized the importance cf Ensign Francis Barrallier's attempts to cross the Blue Mountains barrier in 1802. He had Barrallier's account of his three journeys in French translated and himself personally made a very thorough investigation of the routes. He traced him to the junction of Christy's Creek with Kowmung River, and there identified fossils mentioned by Barrallier; but he could not trace him farther. Cambage Spire overlooks this junction, an the northern side, the highest of three eminences all in line.
-Cambage Spire stands as aanonument to a worthy Australian scientist, a good example of European gentleman. Without a doubt he would have understood Arabanoo.
-*Away over on the other side of the Kanangra Tops, beyond Kanangra Deep, the vast Thurat Walls Stand up about the bases of'Big Thurat (4,200 feet), Mount Danae (4,100 feet) and. Big Misty (4,000 feet). Between the Thurat Spires that rise Almost sheer from the depths of the Deep, an the one side, and the terraced Cliffs of Seriphes that
-.
-form the rimrocks of the Golden Terrace about Mount Danae, an the other side, lies a tremendous abyss, nearly 2,000 feet deep, known only to a few bushwalkers and trailers. This'is the Pooken Hole, gloomy den
-of The Pooken, the great mist monster, which conceals its tenuous bulk (, in the depths of ferny jungles, rock-crevices and scree-runs for long periods during warm weather, so that it will be overlooked by innocent travellers. Whenever a cool, damp, south-easterly wind blows in from the distant sea, The Pooken stealthily emerges under a darkness of its own making. Its cold, wraithy tentacles rise against the terraced walls; they lap over the rimrocks, then curl with amazing speed across the Thurat moors and rills to envelop the surprised and fleeing travellers upon which the mist monster subsists.
-0 0 0 0 0 000 000 000 000 000 ...
-r (Refer to "Tartarus - the Christy's Creek country of the Kowmung',
-by M.J.D., in "Into the Blue", journal of the Coast and Mountain Walkers of N.S.W., September 1951 issue. It deals. with place- names.)
-1100100.01100.1.00000=0011M0.
-mam1.0YadMIAmmIMM.1m1
 BUSHWALKER ACHIEVEMENTS IN CONSERVATION.
 By Ken Matthews