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-WHAT PLACE-NAMES MEAN TO US.
+=====What Place-Names Mean To Us.=====
-.....................rwlmoramaalmo=101101.....mmowisso.o.
 By Myles J. Dunphy.
-The writer has been asked to throw some light on the subject of
-named features in the Greater Blue Mountains, particularly as they
+The writer has been asked to throw some light on the subject of named features in the Greater Blue Mountains, particularly as they affect bushwalkers. The subject is too wide and involved to be covered in this article, which only scratches its surface, so to speak.
-affect bushwalkers. The subject is too wide and involved to be covered in this article, which only scratches its surface, so to speak.
-When the bushwalkers of this generation have passed on to Elysium, the ten million or so people who will be living in the population centres surrounding the Greater Blue Mountains will realize that the
+When the bushwalkers of this generation have passed on to Elysium, the ten million or so people who will be living in the population centres surrounding the Greater Blue Mountains will realize that the bushwalkers of the past were constructive in their time and had some vision for the future. They not only made persistent efforts to save their bushland wilderness for its environmental value and biologic content, but also invested it with the aura of romantic interest. It will be recognized, thankfully, we hope, that they played a prominent part in the creation of national parklands of great intrinsic value, in the face of insidious destruction caused by commercial interests of one kind and another. The necessarily slow and cautious progress of Governmental action towards measures of preservation will be acknowledged. The story will go down the years in maps and books, and in official files. There will be a vast regret for action taken too late, for mistakes made, for the fact that the people's parliamentary representatives adhered to party lines and rarely acted as individual statesmen. The State budgets of the times, because of the recurrence of national crises, did not include items for the creation and maintenance of action for the preservation of Australian scenery, wild-life, and bushland for outdoor living, particularly in the face of the concerted opposition of bodies interested in primary production.
-bushwalkers of the past were constructive in their time and had some
-vision for the future. They not only made persistent efforts to save their bushland wilderness for its environmental value and biologic content, but also invested it with the aura of romantic interest. It
+Many years have passed since bushwalkers opened up this matter, that is, their angle of conservation, and too little of the general plan has been accomplished; but we have made the machinery by which we work and we intend to keep it working. One never knows! We might be surprised in pleasant fashion: our ideas are constructive, our positive use of the outlands remains a consistent fact, we are sane and live actively in health in the best bushland environment we can reach, our recreation is educational, our words frame facts that all can understand, we hope the best for the future, and have unlimited faith in those other conservators about us who work to the same end. We keep moving steadily onward; with us the Albanian mountaineers' mott is appropriate: "little by little". For one fact stands out plainly from our experience: if we were to desist from our efforts there would be an immediate slump in public interest, and the aathorities would take a more leisured pace in these matters. Forgotten files would accumulate in the archives, and, Heaven forfend, they micht be consigned to the incinerator. There must be continuity of effort in planning the preservation of the things we want to use and save for the use of others.
-will be recognized, thankfully, we hope, that they played a prominent
-part in the creation of national parklands of great intrinsic value, in
+It may disappoint some of our colleagues of the outdoors to learn that not many names of bushwalkers appear on the features of our bushland environment. Mainly because of origins some early walkers' names have been perpetuated; most are in relatively minor positions topographically but important to bushwalkers, indicating lookouts, passes and such-like. At times the authorities have attached the names of prominent citizens to features, as can be seen on the High Monaro, but personal names are frowned on unless genuinely historic. Therefore in this section we have proceeded with caution.
-the face of insidious destruction caused by commercial interests of one kind and another. The necessarily Blow and cautious progress of Governmental action towards measures of preservation w4_11 be acknowledg, ed. The story will go down the years in :maps and books, and in official files. There will be a vast regret for action taken too late, for mistakes made, for the fact that the peoplefs parliamentary representatives adhered to party lines and rarely acted as individual statesmen. The State budgets of the times, because of the recurrence of national crises, did not include items for the creation and maintenance of action for the preservation of Australian scenery, wild-life, and bush- land for outdoor living, particularly in the face of the concerted opposition of bodies interested in primary production.
-Many years have passed since bushwalkers opened up this matter, that is, their angle of conservation, and too little of the general plan has been accomplished; but we have made the machinery by which we work and we intend to keep it working. One never knows: We might be surprised in pleasant fashion: our ideas are constructive, our positive use of the outlands remains a consistent fact, we are sane and live actively in health in the best bushland environment we can reach,
+There is no objection to euphonious aboriginal place-names, or for aptly descriptive but not offensive names, or to systems of names that give interest to the topography of a locality and to the map. However, there are rules and custom to be observed; there are limitations. By and large, the Under Secretary for Lands and the Surveyor General constitute the approving authority. Local Government bodies also have certain powers in this direction, which are exercised rather carefully, more especially in the matter of re-naming streets, localities and natural features in measured portions, because deeds and leaseholds very often show included or adjacent named features and boundaries. The simple alteration of an established place-name can be a very awkward circumstance but sometimes it has to be made.
-.
-our recreation is educational, our words frame facts that all can understand, we hope the best for the future, and have unlimited faith in those other conservators about us who work to the sane end. We keep moving steadily onward; with,us the Albanian mountaineers mono is appropriate: "little by little. For one fact stands out plainly from our experience: if we were to desist from our efforts there would be an immediate slump in public interest, and the aathorities would take a more leisured pace in these matters. Forgotten nies would accumulate in the archives, and, Heaven forfend, they micht be consigned to the incinerator. There must be continuity of effort in planning the preservation of the things we want to use and save for the use of others.
-0  0 0 0 0 o 0o o 00 0 006
-It may disappoint some of our colleagues of the outdoors to learn that not many names of bushwalkers appear on the features of our bush- land environment. Mainly because of origins some early walkers' names have been perpetuated; most are in relatively minor positions
-topographically but important to bushwalkers, indicating lookouts, passes and such-like. At times the authorities have attached the names of prominent citizens to features, as can be seen on the High Monaro, but personal names are frowned on unless genuinely historic. Therefore in this section we have proceeded with caution.
-There is no objection to euphonious aboriginal place-names, or for aptly descriptive but not offensive names, or to systems of names that give interest to the topography of a locality aad to the map. However, there are rules and custom to be observed; there are limitations. By and large, the Under Secretary for Lands and the Surveyor General constitute the approving authority. Local Government bodies also have certain powers in this direction, whjch are exercised rather carefully, more especially in the matter of re-naming streets, localities and natural features in measured portions, because deeds and leaseholds very often show included or adjacent named features and boundaries. The simple alteration of an established place-name can be a very awkward circumstance but sometimes it has to be made.
-0 0   0   0    0 0  0 0  0 0
 In the work the writer has done in this way, in the Greater Blue Mountains region, spread over many years, he has been guided by an urge to provide a basis for a great national park, to fix points of history and to build up a romantic atmosphere about a remarkably scenic tract of country which deserves the best of treatment from everybody. With the help of many walkers the original expressionless blanks on the old parish and tourist maps of this area of some 3,500 square miles have become intelligible to foot travellers, by reason of charted features and a considered nomenclature. The Department of Lands produced the standard map required. Now it is possible to discuss this region with confidence as to places and time-distance, to give directions and understand descriptions of routes. The fact that the region now is safer is unimportant to bushwalkers but vital to hikers.
-The People of the Little Tents have had a lot of high adventure in this region. The grand idea is to preserve both the scene and the
-.
+The People of the Little Tents have had a lot of high adventure in this region. The grand idea is to preserve both the scene and the spirit of adventure; for this the primitive wilderness is a necessity. It is considered to be a heritage of inestimable value, to be handed on, in the best possible condition - and cared for - to future generations of appreciative outdoors people. All along we have been taking action to have the unproductive tracts of this scenic wilderness region preserved for this best ultimate use, whilst appealing to the various authorities for assistance.
-spirit of adventure; for this the primitive wilderness is a necessity. It is considered to be a heritage of inestimable value, to be handed
-on, in the best possible condition - and cared for - to future
+In our own social way we have learned about the natural attractions of the great mountainous barrier region, until now we are very certain of its general value as environment. We know its interesting plateaux and peaks, frescoed walls and vast buttresses, master-ranges, breaks and gaps; its canyons and deeps, beautiful streams, forests, heaths and fern-gullies. Better than any other section of our people we know the intrinsic value of the wilderness areas, which we very much desire should remain as such, without roads and settlements and free of the blight of commercial undertakings and polluted streams. We want the Greater Blue Mountains National Park established.
-generations of appreciative outdoors people. All along we have been taking action to have the unproductive tracts of this scenic wilderness
-region preserved for this best ultimate use, whilst appealing to the various authorities for assistance.
+The standard tourist map - which includes very little of the northern half of the region - shows that much interest has been added to the face of what was really wild country when heavy-pack exploring walkers first engineered their routes across it. To a certain extent it was the haunt of cattle-duffers and moonshiners. Its trails were known only to local bushmen who had reasons for riding into and across it. Within its fastnesses were scrubber cattle and brunbies, at least one stag, and a great quantity of marsupial, reptilian and bird life up to 1916, when skin-getting became a business. Then trappers, shooters, timber-getters, some cattlemen, and the great recurrent bushfires from 1928-9 onward, depleted natural values and decimated wild-life.
-In our own social way we have learned about the natural attract-
-ions of the great mountainous barrier region, until now we are very certain of its general value as environment. We know its interesting plateaux and peaks, frescoed walls and vast buttresses, master-ranges, breaks and gaps; its canyons and deeps, beautiful streams, forests, heaths and fern-gullies. Better than any other section of our people we know the intrinsic value of the wilderness areas, which we very much desire should remain as such, without roads and settlements and free of the blight of commercial undertakings and polluted streams. We want the Greater Blue Mountains National Park established.
+In this limited article there is little space left for information about particular place-names. As an earnest of what is meant by giving interest to the features of this region, let us consider two of the most prominent peaks of Tallarat Crags: Arabanoo Peak and Cambage Spire. Where Christy's Creek joins Kowmung River, in the Southern Blue Mountains, there is a chaotic array of canyons, crags and peaks. The twisting Tiamat Canyon of East Christy's Creek junctions with Christy's Creek Canyon a few hundred yards from the Kowmung at the upper end of Bulga-Denis Canyon. East Christy's Creek rises between several plateaux of Kanangra Tops (3,500 feet) then drops steeply southward.
-The standard tourist nap - which includes very little of the
-northern half of the region - shows that MUCh interest has been added
+Our two peaks stand opposite and close to each other in splendid companionship, divided only by the deep and narrow defile of Tiamat Canyon which, in its special type of ruggedness, may be said to represent the abysmal chaos from which all life has sprung. The two peaks stand as brothers in a ruggedly romantic scene, symbolic of blackman and whiteman, Neolothic aborigine and modern Caucasian. They will serve to perpetuate the memory of two remarkable men. They will remind thoughtful Australians of the understanding union which should have existed between the original inhabitants of this land and the white intruders - a union which Governor Phillip and his friends tried to establish in the early days of the First Settlement at Port Jackson, but which others consistently neglected as an unimportant and profitless matter.
-to the face of what was really wild country when heavy-pack exploring walkers first engineered their routes across it. To a certain extent
-it was the haunt of cattle-duffers and moonshiners. Its trails were
+Arabanoo was the first native captured by Governor Phillip and made partly civilized, 1789. He was adopted by the Governor, lived in his house, and was educated to be an intermediary between whites and natives, and an interpreter of ways and manners. The few learned Europeans of Sydney Settlement studied him as an ethnological specimen and were amazed by his native powers. Tench wrote: "He was very helpful to the Governor but died of smallpox and was buried in the Governor's garden. The character of Arabanoo was distinguished by a portion of gravity and steadiness... his countenance was thoughtful but not animated. His fidelity and gratitude... were constant and undeviating and deserve to be recorded... of a gentle and placable temper... impatient of indignity... allowed no superiority on our part... The independence of his mind never forsook him... at retaliation of merriment he was often happy... He did not want docility... He was perhaps the only native who ever attached to us from choice... By his death the scheme which had invited his capture was utterly defeated". Arabanoo Peak, therefore, stands as a permanent monument to a good example of Australian aborigine.
-known only to local bushmen who had reasons for riding into and across
-it. Within its fastnesses were scrubber cattle and brunbies, at least one stag, and a great quantity of marsupial, reptilian and bird life
+Richard Hind Cambage, F.L.S., M.R.S.(N.S.W.), a learned scientist of Sydney, possessed many and varied accomplishments... natural and open-handed friendliness... native dignity... simplicity of mind... forbearance and trustfulness, - which qualities, had they been applied to a greater extent by our early forefathers, would have produced a much better feeling of friendliness between aborigines and Europeans throughout this island continent. They would have helped in the preservation of aboriginal ethnological treasures and spiritual background, of which nothing was known for a long time; they would have aided the preservation of a remarkably interesting race of people.
-up to 1916, when skin-getting became a business. Then trappers,
-shooters, timber-getters, some cattlemen, and the great recurrent bushfires from 1928-9 onward, depleted natural values arid decimated.
+For another reason, also, Cambage Spire was so named. It was R.H. Cambage who first realized the importance of Ensign Francis Barrallier's attempts to cross the Blue Mountains barrier in 1802. He had Barrallier's account of his three journeys in French translated and himself personally made a very thorough investigation of the routes. He traced him to the junction of Christy's Creek with Kowmung River, and there identified fossils mentioned by Barrallier; but he could not trace him farther. Cambage Spire overlooks this junction, on the northern side, the highest of three eminences all in line.
-wild-life.
-0 0  0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0  0  0 0 IP 0 0
+Cambage Spire stands as a monument to a worthy Australian scientist, a good example of European gentleman. Without a doubt he would have understood Arabanoo.
-In this limited article there is little space left for information
-about particular place-names. As an earnest of what is meant by giving interest to the features of this region, let us consider two of the
+Away over on the other side of the Kanangra Tops, beyond Kanangra Deep, the vast Thurat Walls stand up about the bases of Big Thurat (4,200 feet), Mount Danae (4,100 feet) and Big Misty (4,000 feet). Between the Thurat Spires that rise almost sheer from the depths of the Deep, on the one side, and the terraced Cliffs of Seriphes that form the rimrocks of the Golden Terrace about Mount Danae, on the other side, lies a tremendous abyss, nearly 2,000 feet deep, known only to a few bushwalkers and trailers. This is the Pooken Hole, gloomy den of The Pooken, the great mist monster, which conceals its tenuous bulk in the depths of ferny jungles, rock-crevices and scree-runs for long periods during warm weather, so that it will be overlooked by innocent travellers. Whenever a cool, damp, south-easterly wind blows in from the distant sea, The Pooken stealthily emerges under a darkness of its own making. Its cold, wraithy tentacles rise against the terraced walls; they lap over the rimrocks, then curl with amazing speed across the Thurat moors and rills to envelop the surprised and fleeing travellers upon which the mist monster subsists.
-most prominent peaks of Tallarat Crags: Arabanoo Peak and Cambage Spire. Where Christy's Creek joins Kowmung River, in the Southern
-Blue Mountains, there is a chaotic array of canyons, crags and peaks.
+(Refer to "Tartarus - the Christy's Creek country of the Kowmung", by M.J.D., in "Into the Blue", journal of the Coast and Mountain Walkers of N.S.W., September 1951 issue. It deals with place-names.)
-The twisting Tiamat Canyon of East Christy7s Creek junctions with Christy's Creek Canyon a few hundred yards from the Kowmung at the
-upper end of Bulga-Denis Canyon. East Christy's Creek rises between several plateaux of Kanangra Tops (3,500 feet) then drops steeply
+----
-southward.
-Our two peaks stand opposite and close to each other in splendid companionship, divided only by the deep and narrow defile of Tiamat
+=====Bushwalker Achievements In Conservation.=====
-Canyon which, in its special type of ruggedness, may be said to represent the abysmal chaos from which all life has sprung. The two peaks stand as brothers in a ruggedly romantic scene, symbolic of
-blackman and whiteman, Neolothic aborigine and modern Caucasian.
-They will serve to perpetuate the memory of two remarkable men. They
-will remind thoughtful Australians of the understanding union which should have existed between the original inhabitants of this land and
-,,
-the white intruders - a union which Governor Phillip and his friends tried to establish in the early days of the First Settlement at Port Jackson, but which others consistently neglected as an unimportant and profitless matter.
-Arabanoo was the first native captured by Governor Phillip and
-made partly civilized, 1789. He was adopted by the Governor, lived
-in his house, and was educated to be an intermediary between whi-Ges and natives, and an interpreter of ways and manners. The few learned Europeans of Sydney Settlement studied him as an ethnological specimen and were amazed by his native powers. Tench wrote: He was very help-
-ful to the Governor but died of smallpox and was buried in the Governor's garden. The character of Arabanoo was distinguished by a portion of gravity and steadiness .. his countenance was thoughtful
-but not animated. His fidelity and gratitude   were constant and
-undeviating and deserve to be recorded .... of a gentle a-id placable temper .... impatient of indignity  allowed no superiority on our
-part   The independence of his mind never forsook him   at
-retaliation of merriment he was often happy   He did not want
-docility   He was perhaps the only native who ever attached to us
-from choice .... By.his death the scheme which had invited his capture was utterly defeated". Arabanoo Peak, therefore, stands as a permanent monument to a good example of Australian aborigine
-Richard Hind Cambage, F.L.S., M.R.S.(N.S.W.),a learned scientist of Sydney, possessed many and varied accomplishments .. natural and open-handed friendliness .. native dignity . simplicity of mind .. forbearance and trustfulness, - which qualities, had they been applied to a greater extent by our early forefathers, would have produced a much better feeling of friendliness between aborigines and Europeans throughout this island continent. They would have helped in the preservation of aboriginal ethnological treasures and spiritual background, of which nothing was known for a long time; they would have aided the preservation of a remarkably interesting race of people.
-For another reason, also., Cambage Spire was so named. It was R.H. Cambage who first realized the importance cf Ensign Francis Barrallier's attempts to cross the Blue Mountains barrier in 1802. He had Barrallier's account of his three journeys in French translated and himself personally made a very thorough investigation of the routes. He traced him to the junction of Christy's Creek with Kowmung River, and there identified fossils mentioned by Barrallier; but he could not trace him farther. Cambage Spire overlooks this junction, an the northern side, the highest of three eminences all in line.
-Cambage Spire stands as aanonument to a worthy Australian scientist, a good example of European gentleman. Without a doubt he would have understood Arabanoo.
-*Away over on the other side of the Kanangra Tops, beyond Kanangra Deep, the vast Thurat Walls Stand up about the bases of'Big Thurat (4,200 feet), Mount Danae (4,100 feet) and. Big Misty (4,000 feet). Between the Thurat Spires that rise Almost sheer from the depths of the Deep, an the one side, and the terraced Cliffs of Seriphes that
-.
-form the rimrocks of the Golden Terrace about Mount Danae, an the other side, lies a tremendous abyss, nearly 2,000 feet deep, known only to a few bushwalkers and trailers. This'is the Pooken Hole, gloomy den
-of The Pooken, the great mist monster, which conceals its tenuous bulk (, in the depths of ferny jungles, rock-crevices and scree-runs for long periods during warm weather, so that it will be overlooked by innocent travellers. Whenever a cool, damp, south-easterly wind blows in from the distant sea, The Pooken stealthily emerges under a darkness of its own making. Its cold, wraithy tentacles rise against the terraced walls; they lap over the rimrocks, then curl with amazing speed across the Thurat moors and rills to envelop the surprised and fleeing travellers upon which the mist monster subsists.
-0 0 0 0 0 000 000 000 000 000 ...
-r (Refer to "Tartarus - the Christy's Creek country of the Kowmung',
-by M.J.D., in "Into the Blue", journal of the Coast and Mountain Walkers of N.S.W., September 1951 issue. It deals. with place- names.)
-1100100.01100.1.00000=0011M0.
-mam1.0YadMIAmmIMM.1m1
-BUSHWALKER ACHIEVEMENTS IN CONSERVATION.
 By Ken Matthews
-Every bushwalking club knows that Sydney is, of all the Australian capitals, the one most favoured by nature in the provision of abundant areas particularly suited for bushwalking. ' ith the Blue Mountains, Burragorang Valley, Hawkesbury River system, and the beaches and highlands of the near South Coast, the success of the bushwalking movement is assured for several generations to come, and with foresight should continue while civilisation itself lasts.
+Every bushwalking club knows that Sydney is, of all the Australian capitals, the one most favoured by nature in the provision of abundant areas particularly suited for bushwalking. With the Blue Mountains, Burragorang Valley, Hawkesbury River system, and the beaches and highlands of the near South Coast, the success of the bushwalking movement is assured for several generations to come, and with foresight should continue while civilisation itself lasts.
 An important factor to be considered is the expanding population of the metropolitan area. As the population increases bushwalking is likely to become increasingly popular so that more and more people will spend their leisure hours in the bush areas. But the demand for new roads, power-lines, town areas, developmental works and landing areas will also increase. These may threaten the retention of the bushwalking areas if foresight be not shown.
-It is not only for the bushwalking community that steps should be taken to see that the scenic aad wild-life areas around Sydney and else, where in the State are preserved. As everyone knowsertain species of fauna, and of flora, are disappearing and it is well in the interest of nature-lovers generally that steps should be taken to halt despoliation. In the interests of science and knowledge, as well as in :ecreational activity and national fitness, the preservation of the bushlands as primitive areas is of prime importance. It is not necessary to be a practising bushwalking to appreciate the bushlands and What they contain. But it is essential, most essential indeed, if the bush regions are to be enjoyed in their wildest and primitive state, to approach them on foot ard not by means of motor cars, or, in anticipation of things to come, by helicopter or saucer.
-There can be no bringing of the bushlands to the people. The
+It is not only for the bushwalking community that steps should be taken to see that the scenic and wild-life areas around Sydney and elsewhere in the State are preserved. As everyone knows, certain species of fauna, and of flora, are disappearing and it is well in the interest of nature-lovers generally that steps should be taken to halt despoliation. In the interests of science and knowledge, as well as in recreational activity and national fitness, the preservation of the bushlands as primitive areas is of prime importance. It is not necessary to be a practising bushwalking to appreciate the bushlands and what they contain. But it is essential, most essential indeed, if the bush regions are to be enjoyed in their wildest and primitive state, to approach them on foot and not by means of motor cars, or, in anticipation of things to come, by helicopter or saucer.
-people, if they want it, must go to the bushland. Attempts to bring
-.
+There can be no bringing of the bushlands to the people. The people, if they want it, must go to the bushland. Attempts to bring the bush to the people by opening up roadways beyond a given point only succeed in pushing the bush farther away or destroying it altogether. Supposing in a moment of mad enthusiasm, under a caption of "Bring the Bushlands to the People", roadways with their incidentals of bridges, culverts, quarried areas, parking spaces, shelter-sheds, telephone lines, and the inevitable hotels and kiosks for motorists, and landing fields for helicopterists, were to be provided at every lookout, scenic spot, in every valley, stream, glade and glen - would not the very reason for building them have then been destroyed? Would not the "next step" then be to begin removing the roadways, sheds etc. in the hope that the bushlands, and the animals, birds and trees would come back to the people? As foolish as it may seem, this, at any rate in general principle, is the situation that has faced several countries outside Australia - hence the reservation of large tracts in America, Africa and Europe as great national parks. It can happen in Australia too, and will happen if foresight be not shown. After all, until 1788, the whole of Australia was a primitive area.
-the bush to the people by opening up roadways beyond a given point only succeed in pushing the bush farther away or destroying it alto-
-ether. Supposing in a moment of mad enthusiasm, under a capLio'l of
+The bushwalking community has not been unmindful of the position, and it is to the credit of the Bushwalking Clubs and their Federation that something, small though it may be relative to what remains to be done, has been achieved in the way of conservation of areas. A brief account of those achievements is here attempted. While, in a bushwalking journal, emphasis is placed on the energies of the Bushwalking Movement, grateful acknowledgement is made of the assistance given by bodies such as the Wild Life Preservation Society, Parks and Playground Movement, Rangers' League, Boy Scouts Association, Australian Forest League and several Government officials as well as private citizens.
-Bring the Bushlands to the People", roadways with their incidentals of bridges, culverts, quarried areas, parking spaces, shelter-sheds, telephone lines, and the inevitable hotels and kiosks for motoriits, and landing fields for helicopterists, were to be provided at every
-lookout, scenic spot, in every valley, stream, glade and glen - would not the very reason for building them have then been destroyed? Would not the 'next step' then be to begin removing the roadways, sheds etc0 in the hope that the bushlands, and the animals, birds and trees would come back to the people? As foolish as it may seem, this, at any rate in general principle, is the situation that has faced several tountries outside kastralia - hence the reservation of large tracts in Ameri4a, Africa and Europe as great national parks. It can happen in Australia too, and will happen if foresight be not shown. After all, until 1788, the Whole of Australia was a primitive area.
+One of the first attempts at conservation - and a highly successful one - was the Blue Gum Forest, Grose Valley. Apart from a few members of the Mountain Trails Club and Sydney Bush Walkers not many people knew of this delightful spot. The first walker known to have visited the forest was a Frenchman, Du Faur, who did the trip in 1876. The late Judge Docker frequented the area gaining access from Perry's Lookdown long before the S.B.W. was formed. It was he who constructed a steel ladder down the cliff face. Surrounded as it is by cliffs 2,000 feet high, with no road leading into it, the Blue Gum Forest at the junction of the Grose River and Govett's Leap Creek, should remain a primitive area for all time.
-The bushwalking community has not been unmindful of the position, and it is to the credit of the Bushwalking Clubs and their Federation that something, small though it may be relative to what remains to be done, has been achieved in the way of conservation of areas. A brief account of those achievements is here attempted. While, in a bushwalking journal, emphasis is placed on the energies of the Bushwalking Movement, grateful acknowledgment is made of the assistance given by bodies such as the Wild Life Preservation Society, Parks and Playground Movement, Rangers! League, Boy Scouts Association, Australian Forest League and several Government officials as well as private citizens.
-One of the first attempts at conservation - and a highly success' ful one - was the Blue Gum Forest, Grose Valley. Apart from a few members of the Mountain Trails Club and Sydney Dash Walkers not many people knew of this delightful spot. The first walker known to have visited the forest was a Frenchman, Du Faur, Who did the trip in 1876. The late Judge Docker frequented the area gaining access from Perry's Lookdown long before the S.B.W. was formed. It was he who constructed a steel ladder down the cliff face. Surrounded as it is by cliffs 2,000 feet high, with no road leading into it, the Blue Gum Forest at the junction of the Grose River and Govettls Leap Creek, should remain a primitive area for all time.
+The Lands Department, quite unaware of anything worthy of protection, had given a grazing lease over the area to a farmer living on the surrounding plateau. It just happened that on one occasion when some members of the S.B.W. and M.T.C. were encamped there, the echo of an axe resounded through the stately blue gums. Upon investigation the lessee was seen ringbarking the trees, a legal right he had towards every one of the few thousand blue gums there. He was unresponsive to the pleas made to him: he had a grazing lease and wanted to use the area for his cattle. But he was found to be responsive to bargaining and himself offered to sell his lease over the 40 acres for £130 payable within three months. So, the S.B.W. and M.T.C. set about raising money, and with the help of other agencies and private citizens, succeeded in purchasing the lease. Thus the Blue Gum Forest was handed back to the Crown to be dedicated as a camping reserve for all time. The Government appointed four members of the S.B.W. as trustees. Since then the Blackheath Council has added strips of land to the area. It must not pass unnoticed, however, that a strip of adjacent land is still he in private ownership, though it is unlikely that the owner will use in a way that would thwart the purposes of the camping reserve.
-The Lands Department, quite unaware of anything worthy of protection, had given a grazing lease over the area to a farmer living on the surrounding plateau. It just happened that on one occasion when some members of the S.B.W. and M.T.C. were encamped there, the
-echo of an axe resounded through the stately blue gums. Upon investiga, tion the lessee was seen ringbarking the trees, a legal right he had towards every one of the few thousand blue gums there. He was unresponsive to the pleas made to him: he had a grazing lease and wanted to use the area for his cattle. But he was found to be responsive to bargaining and himself offered to sell his lease over the 40 acres for 130 payable within three months. So, the S.B.W. and M.T.C. set about raising money, and with the help of other agencies and private citizens, succeeded in purchasing the lease. Thus the Blue Gum Forest was handed back to the Crown to be dedicated as a camping reserve for all time. The Government appointed four members of
+In its early days, the S.B.W. took out a special lease of 100 acres on Myuna Creek, a tributary of Heathcote Creek. The purpose of the lease of the area, Morella Karong as it is known, was for a camping reserve and sanctuary. Conditions of the lease were that no fences were to be erected and no permanent habitation was to be allowed. The area has a waterfall and substantial pool. However, on the establishment of the Heathcote Primitive Area, the S.B.W. relinquished the lease in favour of negotiating for the conservation of the Garawarra Park.
-S.
-the S.B.W. as trustees. Since then the Blackheath Council has added strips of land to the area. It must not-lass unnoticed, however, that
+A similar lease for a camping reserve and sanctuary of 85 acres was taken out by the M.T.C. on Heathcote Creek. The area is known as the Miarra Sanctuary. The lease is still held but the area is now surrounded by the Heathcote Primitive Area.
-a strip of adjacent lard is still he in private ownership, though it
-it unlikely that the owner will use in a way that would thwart the purposes of the camping reserve.
+The Heathcote Primitive Area, a strip of country eight miles long by about half a mile wide, of about 1,640 acres, along Heathcote Creek, and accessible from Waterfall township, is the result of the efforts of the bushwalking clubs. It was established for public recreation and preservation of flora and fauna. It is under the control of trustees, seven appointed by the bushwalking clubs and one by the Sutherland Shire Council.
-In its early days, the S.B.W. t' out a special lease of 100 acres on Myuna Creek, a tributary of eatncote Creek. The purpose of the lease of the area, Morella Karong as it is known, was for a camping reserve and sanctuary. Conditions of the lease were that no fences were to be erected and no permanent habitation was to be allowed. The area has a waterfall and substantial pool. However, an the establishment of the Heathcote Primitive Area, the S.B.W. relinquished the lease in favour of negotiating for the conservation of the Garawarra Park,
-A similar lease for a camping reserve and sanctuary of 85 acres was taken out by the M.T.C. an Heathcote Creek. The area is known as the Miarra Sanctuary. The lease is still held but the area is now surrounded by the Heathcote Primitive Area.
+The first monument to the Federation of Bushwalking Clubs by way of conservation is Bouddi Natural Park. The Park comprises an area of about 2,000 acres, six or seven miles wide, varying from a quarter to a mile wide, situated behind Maitland Bay and ocean beach not far north of the point at which the Hawkesbury River enters the Pacific. In the early 1930's Miss Marie Byles began campaigning for the conservation of the area, and after interesting the District Surveyor, other Governmental officials and the S.B.W., the project was taken up in earnest by the Federation. As a result it was reserved about 1936. It is under the control of a trust comprising three S.B.W. members and three nominees of the local shire. The area abounds in wild flowers. Several working bees of bushwalkers have built tracks and shelters.
-The Heathcote Primitive Area, a strip of country eight miles long by about half a mile wide, of about 1,640 acres, along Heathcote Creek, and accessible from Thterfall township, is the result of the efforts of the bushwalking clubs. It was established for public recreation and preservation of flora and fauna. It is under the control of trustees, seven appointed by the bushwalking clubs and one by the Sutherland Shiro Council.
-The first monument to the Federation of Bushwalking Clubs by way of conservation is Bouddi Natural Park. The Park comprises an area of about 2,000 acres, six or seven miles widai- 'Varying from a quarter to
+The second monument to the Federation and to the bushwalking movement and individual clubs generally, is the Garawarra Park. "Garawarra" is compounded of "Garie" and "Illawarra". The area of the Park which has been reserved is less than half the area that the bushwalking movement would like to see reserved. The larger area includes an expanse of about 5,000 acres from the southern boundary of National Park to Bald Hill and Otford, and from the railway line to the coast. This area of highland and beach is the chief one-day recreation centre for walkers. The first attempt to have the area reserved seems to have been made by the M.T.C. in 1925, but the official answer was that it was not warranted since the National Park was adjacent. With the formation of the S.B.W. in 1927 the number of bushwalkers interested in the area grew considerably. The area being so accessible and therefore popular, it was natural that the newer bushwalking clubs should be interested in it. Upon its formation in 1932 the Federation immediately campaigned and in short time no less than 5,000 signatures were obtained to a petition for conservation. The result was that in August 1934 all the available Crown Lands in the area, about 1,300 acres, were officially dedicated as a reserve. Small additions now make it 1,465 acres. The reservation includes Burning Palms beach, Bulgo Trigonometrical station and adjacent plateaux. Attempts by the adjoining National Park Trust to absorb Gara Park have been successfully thwarted. Gara Park has, since 1935, been under the control of seven trustees including minority representation from the bushwalking movement.
-a mile wide, situated behind Maitland ,Bay and ocean beach not far north of the point at which the Hawkesbury ver enters the Pacific. In the early 19307s Miss Marie Byles began fi apaigning for the conservation of the area, and after interesting the Nstrict Surveyor, other Governmental officials and the S.B.W., the ,p oject was taken up in earnest by the Federation. As a result it was r erved about 1936. It is under
-he control of a trust comp:Asing three SOBOW, members and three nominees of the local shire. The area abounds in wild flowers. Sever& working bees of bushwalkers have lilt tracks and shelters.
+To provide a camping area and to preserve the water supply, the S.B.W. bought 40 acres at North Era in 1947. This area was thrown open to the public as a free site for non-permanent camps, and remained so until the whole of the Era lands, the bridge between the National Park and Garawarra Park, were resumed by the Government in 1950. The activities of bushwalkers played no small part in gaining this precious resumption.
-The second monument to the Federation and to the bushwalking movement and individual clubs ganer411y, is the Garawarra Park. ''Garawarrah is compounded of "Garieh and "Illawarra". The area of the Park which has been reserved is less than half the area that the bushwalking movement would like to see reserved. The larger area includes an expanse of about 5,000 acres from the southern boundary of Nationa3 Park to Bald Hill and Otford, and from the railway line to the coast. This area of highland and beach is the chief one-day recreation centre for walkers. The first attempt to have the area reserved seems to have been made by the M.T.C. in 1925, but the official answer was that it was not warranted since the National Park was adjacent. With the formation of the S.B.W. in 1927 the number of bushwalkers interested in the area grew cons iderably. The area being so accessible and therefore popular, it was natural that the newer bushwalking clubs should be interested in it. Upon its formation in
-.
+These, then, are the achievements of the bushwalking movement in conservation. There are others on a less grand scale but space will not permit of their mention. A brief reference, however, should be made of the National Perks and Primitive Areas Council founded by Myles J. Dunphy. Its objects are to locate and plan areas for national parks and primitive reserves. One well-worked out and co-ordinated plan is for a Greater Blue Mountains National Park to take in an area from a little north of the Colo River down to near Mittagong, westward to beyond Jenolan Caves and near Lithgow, eastward to the first ridge of the Blue Mountains including Kurrajong Heights, Glenbrook, Hill Top. The plan is an ideal for the future. It allows for the growth of the existing townships and new ones, industrialisation, tourist resorts, while at the same time ensuring conservation of primitive areas of flora and fauna. In short, it represents a plan of co-ordination, national in character, as opposed to piecemeal haphazard projects of which Australia has unhappily ample experience.
-the Federation immediately campaigned and in short time no less than 5,000 signatures were obtained to a petition for conservation. The result was that in August 1934 all the available Crown Lands in the area, about 1,300 acres, were officially dedicated as a reserve. Small additions now make it 1465 acres. The reservation includes Burning Palms beach, Bulgo Trigonometrical station and adjacent plateaux. Attempts by the adjoining National Park Trust to absorb Gara Park have been successfully thwarted. Gara Park has, since 1935, been under the control of seven trustees including minority representation from the bushwalking movement.
-To provide a camping area and to preserve the water supply, the S.B.W. bought 40 acres at North Era in 1947. This area was thrown open to the public as a free site for non-permanent carps, and remained so until the whole of the Era lands, the bridge between the National Park and Garawarra Park, were resumed by the Government in 1950. The activities of bushwalkers played no small part in gaining this precious resumption.
+----
-These, then, are the achievements of the bushwalking movement in conservation. There are others on a less grand scale but space will not permit of their mention. A brief reference, however, should be made of the National Perks and Primitive Areas Council founded by
-Myles J. Dunphy. Its objects are to locate aid plan areas for national parks and primitive reserves. One well-worked out and co-ordinated plan is for a Greater Blue Mountains National Park to take in an area from a little north of the Colo River down to near Mittagong, westward tobe5rond Jenolan Caves and near Lithgow, eastward to the first ridge of the Blue Mountains including Kurrajong Heights, Glenbrook, Hill Top. The plan is an ideal for the future. It allows for the growth of the existing townships aad new ones, industrialisation, tourist resorts, while at the same time ensuring conservation of primitive areas of - flora and fauna. In short, it represents a plan of co-ordination, national in character, as opposed to piecemeal haphazard projects of which Australia has unhappily ample experience.
+=====List Of Presidents.=====
-/M
-LIST OF PRESIDENTS.
+(Chairmen were elected at each of the early meetings.)
-FiREFE were elected at each of the early meetings.)
-DEBERT, Jack 10/2/28 - 13/ 9/29
+|Debert, Jack|10/2/28 - 13/9/29|
-DUNCAN, Frank 13/9/29 - 13/ 3/31
+|Duncan, Frank|13/9/29 - 13/3/31|
-CHARDON, Harold 13/3/31 - 8/ 4/32
+|Chardon, Harold|13/3/31 - 8/4/32|
-RITSON, Clifford 8/4/32 9/ 3/34
+|Ritson, Clifford|8/4/32 9/3/34|
-HERBERT, Thomas 9/3/34 - 13/ 3/36
+|Herbert, Thomas|9/3/34 - 13/3/36|
-ROOTS, Walter 13/3/36 =, 10/ 7/36
+|Roots, Walter|13/3/36 - 10/7/36|
-BERRY, Maurice 10/7/36 - 10/ 3/39
+|Berry, Maurice|10/7/36 - 10/3/39|
-CROKER, Richaid 10/3/39 - 14/ 3/41
+|Croker, Richard|10/3/39 - 14/3/41|
-COLLEY, Alex 14/3/41 - 13/ 3/42
+|Colley, Alex|14/3/41 - 13/3/42|
-LAWRY, Dorothy 13/3/42 - 10/ 3/44
+|Lawry, Dorothy|13/3/42 - 10/3/44|
-S TEAD, David 10/3/44 - 9/3/45
+|Stead, David|10/3/44 - 9/3/45|
-GARRAD, Edna 9/3/45 - 8/ 3/46
+|GarradD, Edna|9/3/45 - 8/3/46|
-ROSE, Jack 8/3/46 =. 14/ 3/47
+|Rose, Jack|8/3/46 - 14/3/47|
-MOPPETT, Thomas 14/3/47 - 14/ 3/52 McGREGOR, Malcolm 14/3/52 -
+|Moppett, Thomas|14/3/47 - 14/3/52|
-.
+|McGregor, Malcolm|14/3/52 - |
+----
 RABBITS AMONG THE TIGERS.
 By Grace Noble.