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-EXPERIMENTS IN ERADICTION OF MISTLETOE.
+===== Experiments In Eradication Of Mistletoe. =====
 (Taken from "Main Roads" - dated March 1953 - Information extracted by David Ingram.)
-Tests for the eradication of mistletoe on roadside trees by the application of hormone sprays have recently been carried out by the Forestry Commission of N,S.W. and the Department of Main Roads, in co-operation.
-Surveys previously made by the Forestry CornLission revealed that along roadways, in parklands, water catchment a.:1:Eas and private Property which have been partly cleared, mistletoe infestation was moderate to intense, and seemed to be increasing-from year to ycar. The distribution of mistletoe is highest in the northern tablelands, and follows the coastal and tableland strip, diminishing in the southern part of the State. Mistletoe attacks not only Eucalypts, Casuarinas and scrub woods but also such trees as the Cypress and Kurrajong.
+Tests for the eradication of mistletoe on roadside trees by the application of hormone sprays have recently been carried out by the Forestry Commission of N.S.W. and the Department of Main Roads, in co-operation.
-Mistletoe, a member of the loranthaceae family, is a
-parasite, deriving deriving water and mineral salts from its host tne,while synthesising its own carbohydrates in the same way as ordinary green leaf plants.
+Surveys previously made by the Forestry Commission revealed that along roadways, in parklands, water catchment areas and private Property which have been partly cleared, mistletoe infestation was moderate to intense, and seemed to be increasing from year to year. The distribution of mistletoe is highest in the northern tablelands, and follows the coastal and tableland strip, diminishing in the southern part of the State. Mistletoe attacks not only Eucalypts, Casuarinas and scrub woods but also such trees as the Cypress and Kurrajong.
-Birds, flying foxes and Possibly possums and koala bears are usually the disseminators of the mistletoe seed, which is covered with a mucilaginous substance Which enables it to adhere to the bark of trees. The seed establishes itself in an axial area at the junccn of two or more branches and penetrates the bark by means of a root-
-like structure. This root taps the host tree for water and minerals in solution, so that the branch beyond the mistletoe is deprived of
+Mistletoe, a member of the loranthaceae family, is a semi-parasite, deriving deriving water and mineral salts from its host tree, while synthesising its own carbohydrates in the same way as ordinary green leaf plants.
-food and eventually dies. The mistletoe thus appears fixed finally at the end of the branch.
-Mistletoe shows definite seasonal response. In the Sydney area
+Birds, flying foxes and possibly possums and koala bears are usually the disseminators of the mistletoe seed, which is covered with a mucilaginous substance which enables it to adhere to the bark of trees. The seed establishes itself in an axial area at the junction of two or more branches and penetrates the bark by means of a root-like structure. This root taps the host tree for water and minerals in solution, so that the branch beyond the mistletoe is deprived of food and eventually dies. The mistletoe thus appears fixed finally at the end of the branch.
-flowering takes place in November-December, and fruit setting in
-January-February.
+Mistletoe shows definite seasonal response. In the Sydney area flowering takes place in November-December, and fruit setting in January-February.
-The normal life of mistletoe an Eucalypts is computed at
-approximately ten years under favourable conditions. One host tree
+The normal life of mistletoe on Eucalypts is computed at approximately ten years under favourable conditions. One host tree may support twenty or more separate mistletoes all in a state of healthy development. The most notable effect on the host tree is loss of vitality, disfigurement, and stunting, laying the tree open to fungus infection. Mistletoe can kill a tree in the course of years.
-may support twenty or more separate mistletoes all in a state of healthy development. The most notable effect on the host tree is
-loss of vitality, disfigurement, and stunting, laying the tree open to fungus infection. Mistletoe can kill a tree in the course of years.
 There are two possible reasons for the prolixity of mistletoe on roadside trees; first, such trees are most accessible to birds bearing the seeds, and seccndly, mistletoe is dependent on a good supply of sunlight in order to carry out its process of photosynthesis,
-Control Measures.
------77-75777E177 Commission had carried out earlier investigations, which indicated that promising results could be achieved by the use of hormone sprays, but it was realised that further tests were necessary in order to assess the permanent effectiveness of sprays.
+=== Control Measures. ===
+Theh Forestry Commission had carried out earlier investigations, which indicated that promising results could be achieved by the use of hormone sprays, but it was realised that further tests were necessary in order to assess the permanent effectiveness of sprays.
 In 1949 the Forestry Commission approached the Department of Main Roads with a view to collaboration on further tests on mistletoe eradication by the use of hormone sprays.
-On main road No.154 from Kingswood. to Bowmants Creek in the Municipality of Penrith, eucalypts on the roadside showed considerable infestation of mistletoe, arid these trees were selected for the purpose of the tests.
-The tests were carried out on 8th November 1949 under the direction of the Division of Wood Technology of the Forestry Commissim The Division of Wood Technology supplied the chemicals and directed the mixinp; and spraying. The Department of Main Roads provided transport and labour, and carried out the spraying, except for knapsack spraying which was carried cut by the Division of Wood Technology.
+On main road No.154 from Kingswood to Bowman's Creek in the Municipality of Penrith, eucalypts on the roadside showed considerable infestation of mistletoe, and these trees were selected for the purpose of the tests.
-Spraying equipment, apart from the knapsack spray, was lent by the Hawkesbury Agricultural College. This consisted of a power- operated spray with a 150-gallon tank with an agitator for the purpose of keeping the spraying solution moving and preventing the settlement of chemicals.
-.
+The tests were carried out on 8th November 1949 under the direction of the Division of Wood Technology of the Forestry Commission. The Division of Wood Technology supplied the chemicals and directed the mixing and spraying. The Department of Main Roads provided transport and labour, and carried out the spraying, except for knapsack spraying which was carried out by the Division of Wood Technology.
-PHOTOGRAPHY ! !
-You press the button, we'll do the rest !
+Spraying equipment, apart from the knapsack spray, was lent by the Hawkesbury Agricultural College. This consisted of a power-operated spray with a 150-gallon tank with an agitator for the purpose of keeping the spraying solution moving and preventing the settlement of chemicals.
-or
-Leica films
+A small numbered galvanised tag was nailed to each tree treated. In all, 126 trees were treated, extending over a length of four miles.
-deserve the best SERVICE
-LEICA PHOTO SERVICE
-Macquarie Place
-SYDNEY N.S.W.
-.
-A'small numbered galvanised tag was nailed to each tree treated. In all, 126 trees were treated, extending over a length of four miles.
 About one-quarter of a gallon of spray was sufficient to treat one tree. Four different treatments were used an four separate sections of the road :-
-. (Trees No.1 - 72) 0.3 per cent, solution of 2:4D sodium salt plus a wetting agent in proportion of 1 pint to 50 gallons,
-. (Trees No.73 - 108) a proprietary'product diluted, etc., in accordance with the instrtcticins Of the manufacturer.
+  - (Trees No.1 - 72) 0.3 per cent, solution of 2:4D sodium salt plus a wetting agent in proportion of 1 pint to 50 gallons.
-. (Trees No.109-112) 0.2 per cent, solution of 2:4D Ethyl Ester 20 per cent. plus 2:4t5T Butyl Ester 20 per cent.
+  - (Trees No.73 - 108) a proprietary product diluted, etc., in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer.
-. (Trees No.113-126) 0.2 per cent, solution of 2:4:5T Ester Concentrate.
+  - (Trees No.109-112) 0.2 per cent. solution of 2:4D Ethyl Ester 20 per cent. plus 2:4t5T Butyl Ester 20 per cent.
-Inspection of the area three weeks later showed a marked withering of the mistletoe.. In some cases the foliage was drying and falling from the plants. There was no withering of the host trees.
+  - (Trees No.113-126) 0.2 per cent, solution of 2:4:5T Ester Concentrate.
+Inspection of the area three weeks later showed a marked withering of the mistletoe. In some cases the foliage was drying and falling from the plants. There was no withering of the host trees.
 No difference in results was observable from the four different treatments used; each was equally effective. At this inspection it was noticed also that some colouring agent in the solution was necessary to ensure consistent spraying.
-A further inspection in July 1951, revealed va ftations in the "kill" of the mistletoe. As far, as could be judged, the bulk of the mistletoe had died, and it was suggested that the variations in results might have resulted from variations in the consistence of spraying. Apart from the loss of the tree branch beyond the mistletoe growth, no damage to the tree was discernable from the treatment.
+A further inspection in July 1951, revealed variations in the "kill" of the mistletoe. As far, as could be judged, the bulk of the mistletoe had died, and it was suggested that the variations in results might have resulted from variations in the consistence of spraying. Apart from the loss of the tree branch beyond the mistletoe growth, no damage to the tree was discernable from the treatment.
 These tests have contributed valuable information on the control of this pest. The Division of Wood Technology of the Forestry Commission is continuing research in the application of hormones at ground level by means of pastes.
-Glowing with virtue, BrianfAnderson left the bookshop, clutdhing his First Aid Book. After all, if he was going to Tasmania with just one companion it was only reasonable that one should swot up on the vital knowledge. You never knew. Your mate might not have a clue if aa accident happened. Now, Ted v:eavers 0.. struth! He was a permanent ambulance officer.
-Continuing the Anderson saga (does no one else do anything worth reporting in this show?) - it is understood that he committed the ultimate breach by leaving a member of his party alone at a critical moment of the Arethusa Gorge trip. In detail, it was aatside the pub at Emu Plains. 'Honest Dick" Hoffman, who resides in the Parramatta district and recorded his name and address correctly in the Visitors Book, was warned off - he wasn't bona fide - and had to wait outside whilst Meadows quaffed the beer ordered on his behalf.
+----
-. BUSHWALKING IN A PILGRIM LAND.
-By Marie B. Byles. "Green grow the rushes, 01"
+=== Photography!?!?! ===
-How many bushwalkers who sing this song realise that the first bushwalhers, or people who walked only for pleasure, were the pilgrims to the Holy Land of Palestine, and that this was one of the chants they' sung? For six weeks I have been wandering through another pilgnh land, the land of the Ganges River basin, only partly on my own feet, I om afraid, but I have seen many hardy Tibetans who make use of conveyances as little as possible, and who as soon as they alight from the train, stride off with their curious frame rucksacks on their backs.
-My first stopping place was Rajgir, thidh is a pilgrim centre for those of many different religions. Hindus, Moslems, ains and Buddhists have shrines and temples there, mony of them 2500 years old, and generally situated near the top t of hills - if bushwalkers bag - trig stations, pilgrims bag temples, and it is amazing how women in saris down to their ankles trip up those hills for this purpose: Most of the Ganges basin consists of Perfectly flat lard cut up into small fields bounded bt. low mud walls serving as footpaths arid with villages every mile or so, and each village with its mango grove. But occasionally there are hills, like the Warrumbungles geologically, aad here one gets a prickly bushland, which would appeal to the really "tiger?' bushwalker, but whidh for most, as for the pilgrims, would be better penetrated by the tracks Which lead to all the shrines.
+You press the button, we'll do the rest!
-Those really tough Tibetans, I mentioned, sleep out in the open wrapped in their big cloaks, and cook their own meals like bushwalkers But the wealthier Tibetans, as well as the pilgrims from other countries, prefer to make use of a dharmasala, a guest house for religious purposes (satemething like the medeaeval monastery) and this is what I have done, though, unlike others, I have often taken my sleeping bag and slept under a mango tree. Most pilgrims bring their own servants to cook for them, but those travelling alone, like myself find it easier to arrange with the dharmasala servant to do the cooking and also the buying of the food in the village. Every guest brings his own bedding and spreads it an the string bed or wooden bed that is provided. Very superior I have felt with my lightweight "PaddyPallin" instead of the cumbersome bedrolls Which others carry.
-My last place of pilgrinage was Lumbini where the Buddha was born, and to reach it, I partly rode and partly walked twelve miles along the foot of the mighty Himalayan peaks. I was most fortunate, for it rained and cleared the air of dust, so that when I woke at Lumbini'the next rhorning, I saw those stupendous mountains rising, imagine, about 24,000 feet above me. I have seen Mount Cook from the sea towering over 12,000 feet above. But never before have I seen mountains so remote and so ethereal as this, my first glimpse of the Himalayas.
+Finegrain Developing. Sparkling Prints. Perfect Enlargements. Your Rollfilms or Leica films deserve the best service.
-' And do these pilgrims have their "Green grow the rushes, 0!"? Yes, but, as they chant in Tibetan, Pali or Sanscrit, I do not know what they sing. I only know that their chants are often very haunting and sometimes strangely beautiful.
-.
+Leica Photo Service.
-THE FARTHER COUNTRY.
-(Based an a trip carried out in Feb./March,1953). By Jim Brown.
+Macquarie Place, Sydney, N.S.W.
-A best-seller written by Nevil Shute several years ago and titleC
-The Far Country" had for its locale the country around Mansfield in Victoria. Mansfield itself was disguised as "Banbury", but Merrijig, 12 miles east, and the Howqua River were given their correct names. Although the author did not have much to say about the adjacent highlands, they provide some of the finest walking country in the Australian Alps, so, for this information" article on the high countn near Mounts Buller, Cobbler and Howitt, we have adapted Nevil Shute's title.
+----
-The ranges east of Mansfield form the watersheds for a number of rivers: the Delatite and Howqua flowing into the Goulburn: the King, Rose, Catherine and Dandongadale, which go to join the Ovens: south of the Main Dividing Range the Wonnangatta, Macalister and Jamieson, all flowing south to Gippsland End the sea. The tops themselves have their summit at Mt. Buller (5,911-ft.), but Sterling (5:800'), Cobbler (5,342'), Speculation (5,6001), Howitt (5,715') and Magdala (5,600') are all within a few miles. The horizon countains Buffalo Plateau to the north and Bogong-Hotham-Feathertop in the north east.
-From all these main tops, and quite a number of the lesser summits superb views are to be had. As a purely selfish reaction, I liked the scenery as well as that of the Lake St.Clair-Cradle Mountain Reserve in Tasmania, but perhaps I was prejudiced by reason of the agreeable camping conditions. I certainly preferred this country to all of the Kosciusko Alpine area, with the exception of the views of the west face from Townsend Lad Twynam, Whidh the Victorian scene rather resembles in grandeur. A tilted rock'strata, Which appears to be a variety of sandstone aad conglomerate; layered with belts of reddish shale, runs through most of the range, and this gives the effect of real peaks instead of the plateau-meadow formation of our N.S.W. alpine country.
+Glowing with virtue, Brian Anderson left the bookshop, clutching his First Aid Book. After all, if he was going to Tasmania with just one companion it was only reasonable that one should swot up on the vital knowledge. You never knew. Your mate might not have a clue if an accident happened. Now, Ted Weavers... struth! He was a permanent ambulance officer.
-As a result, the walking is much more "hilly" than one expects in our relatively flat alpine terrain. Between the main tops are saddles dropping down to 41600-ft., and it is possible in el comparatively short day's march of 8 or 10 miles to climb over 2,000-ft0 in stages of from 200-ft. to 800-ft. and to descend an equal amount, camping at the same height as one started. For this reason'it is usually advisable to limit each day's stage to about 10 miles, unless the party is a strong one.
-A certain amount of time must be allowed for pathfinding if unfamiliar with the ground as, in some places, it cculd mean a bad delay if the track were lost. Because of heillt variations, the vegetation is subject to much wider change than that encountered an Kosciusko plateau. Up to 4,000-ft. there is normal forest cover, with much wattle and similar rubbish: from 4,000 ft. to about 4,500 ft. a more open forest with woolly butt and snow grasses, and light law cover of one of the red-and.:.yellow flowering pea shrubs: from 4,500 ft. up to 5,000 (sometimes 5,200 ft.) snow gum and grass and a little small
+----
-.
-shrubbery: while the top levels, above about 5;200-ft, are generally tree-less or with scattered stunted snow gum.
+Continuing the Anderson saga (does no one else do anything worth reporting in this show?) - it is understood that he committed the ultimate breach by leaving a member of his party alone at a critical moment of the Arethusa Gorge trip. In detail, it was outside the pub at Emu Plains. "Honest Dick" Hoffman, who resides in the Parramatta district and recorded his name and address correctly in the Visitors Book, was warned off - he wasn't bona fide - and had to wait outside whilst Meadows quaffed the beer ordered on his behalf.
-Tater supply is a greater problem than in our local alps, where every little hollow has its stream, every gentle vale a strong creek. Probably because the snow fall is lighter, and certainly because of the steep slope of the ground, run-off is rapid, and it may sometimes be necessary to descend quite a distance to find water. By the end of a dry st1mmer, only main streams and certain permanent springs are flowing, and the latter may be trampled by the cattle Which graze on the highlands during summer.
-Camp sites are often dictated by water supply, and it would be unwise to press on from a sure spring late in the afternoon. Otherwisc camping conditions are generally excellent, with soft couches of snow- grass and abundance of dry snow gum for firewood. The region above thtree-line is so limited in extent that one need never fear being caught out on a completely exposed place.
+----
+===== Bushwalking In A Pilgrim Land. =====
+By Marie B. Byles.
+"Green grow the rushes, O!"
+How many bushwalkers who sing this song realise that the first bushwalkers, or people who walked only for pleasure, were the pilgrims to the Holy Land of Palestine, and that this was one of the chants they sung? For six weeks I have been wandering through another pilgrim land, the land of the Ganges River basin, only partly on my own feet, I am afraid, but I have seen many hardy Tibetans who make use of conveyances as little as possible, and who as soon as they alight from the train, stride off with their curious frame rucksacks on their backs.
+My first stopping place was Rajgir, which is a pilgrim centre for those of many different religions. Hindus, Moslems, Jains and Buddhists have shrines and temples there, many of them 2500 years old, and generally situated near the top of hills - if bushwalkers bag trig stations, pilgrims bag temples, and it is amazing how women in saris down to their ankles trip up those hills for this purpose! Most of the Ganges basin consists of perfectly flat land cut up into small fields bounded by low mud walls serving as footpaths and with villages every mile or so, and each village with its mango grove. But occasionally there are hills, like the Warrumbungles geologically, and here one gets a prickly bushland, which would appeal to the really "tiger" bushwalker, but whidh for most, as for the pilgrims, would be better penetrated by the tracks which lead to all the shrines.
+Those really tough Tibetans, I mentioned, sleep out in the open wrapped in their big cloaks, and cook their own meals like bushwalkers. But the wealthier Tibetans, as well as the pilgrims from other countries, prefer to make use of a dharmasala, a guest house for religious purposes (something like the medeaeval monastery) and this is what I have done, though, unlike others, I have often taken my sleeping bag and slept under a mango tree. Most pilgrims bring their own servants to cook for them, but those travelling alone, like myself find it easier to arrange with the dharmasala servant to do the cooking and also the buying of the food in the village. Every guest brings his own bedding and spreads it on the string bed or wooden bed that is provided. Very superior I have felt with my lightweight "Paddy-Pallin" instead of the cumbersome bedrolls which others carry.
+My last place of pilgrinage was Lumbini where the Buddha was born, and to reach it, I partly rode and partly walked twelve miles along the foot of the mighty Himalayan peaks. I was most fortunate, for it rained and cleared the air of dust, so that when I woke at Lumbini the next rhorning, I saw those stupendous mountains rising, I imagine, about 24,000 feet above me. I have seen Mount Cook from the sea towering over 12,000 feet above. But never before have I seen mountains so remote and so ethereal as this, my first glimpse of the Himalayas.
+And do these pilgrims have their "Green grow the rushes, O!"? Yes, but, as they chant in Tibetan, Pali or Sanscrit, I do not know what they sing. I only know that their chants are often very haunting and sometimes strangely beautiful.
+----
+===== The Farther Country. =====
+(Based an a trip carried out in Feb./March, 1953).
+By Jim Brown.
+A best-seller written by Nevil Shute several years ago and titled "The Far Country" had for its locale the country around Mansfield in Victoria. Mansfield itself was disguised as "Banbury", but Merrijig, 12 miles east, and the Howqua River were given their correct names. Although the author did not have much to say about the adjacent highlands, they provide some of the finest walking country in the Australian Alps, so, for this "information" article on the high country near Mounts Buller, Cobbler and Howitt, we have adapted Nevil Shute's title.
+The ranges east of Mansfield form the watersheds for a number of rivers: the Delatite and Howqua flowing into the Goulburn: the King, Rose, Catherine and Dandongadale, which go to join the Ovens: south of the Main Dividing Range the Wonnangatta, Macalister and Jamieson, all flowing south to Gippsland and the sea. The tops themselves have their summit at Mt. Buller (5,911'), but Sterling (5,800'), Cobbler (5,342'), Speculation (5,600'), Howitt (5,715') and Magdala (5,600') are all within a few miles. The horizon countains Buffalo Plateau to the north and Bogong-Hotham-Feathertop in the north east.
+From all these main tops, and quite a number of the lesser summits superb views are to be had. As a purely selfish reaction, I liked the scenery as well as that of the Lake St.Clair-Cradle Mountain Reserve in Tasmania, but perhaps I was prejudiced by reason of the agreeable camping conditions. I certainly preferred this country to all of the Kosciusko Alpine area, with the exception of the views of the west face from Townsend and Twynam, which the Victorian scene rather resembles in grandeur. A tilted rock strata, which appears to be a variety of sandstone and conglomerate, layered with belts of reddish shale, runs through most of the range, and this gives the effect of real peaks instead of the plateau-meadow formation of our N.S.W. alpine country.
+As a result, the walking is much more "hilly" than one expects in our relatively flat alpine terrain. Between the main tops are saddles dropping down to 4,600-ft., and it is possible in a comparatively short day's march of 8 or 10 miles to climb over 2,000-ft. in stages of from 200-ft. to 800-ft. and to descend an equal amount, camping at the same height as one started. For this reason it is usually advisable to limit each day's stage to about 10 miles, unless the party is a strong one.
+A certain amount of time must be allowed for pathfinding if unfamiliar with the ground as, in some places, it could mean a bad delay if the track were lost. Because of height variations, the vegetation is subject to much wider change than that encountered an Kosciusko plateau. Up to 4,000-ft. there is normal forest cover, with much wattle and similar rubbish: from 4,000 ft. to about 4,500 ft. a more open forest with woolly butt and snow grasses, and light low cover of one of the red-and-yellow flowering pea shrubs: from 4,500 ft. up to 5,000 (sometimes 5,200 ft.) snow gum and grass and a little small shrubbery: while the top levels, above about 5,200-ft, are generally tree-less or with scattered stunted snow gum.
+Water supply is a greater problem than in our local alps, where every little hollow has its stream, every gentle vale a strong creek. Probably because the snow fall is lighter, and certainly because of the steep slope of the ground, run-off is rapid, and it may sometimes be necessary to descend quite a distance to find water. By the end of a dry summer, only main streams and certain permanent springs are flowing, and the latter may be trampled by the cattle which graze on the highlands during summer.
+Camp sites are often dictated by water supply, and it would be unwise to press on from a sure spring late in the afternoon. Otherwise camping conditions are generally excellent, with soft couches of snow-grass and abundance of dry snow gum for firewood. The region above the tree-line is so limited in extent that one need never fear being caught out on a completely exposed place.
 Like the Kosciusko country, it is summer time walking caantry. Without local weather reports, it would be chancy to walk there before November or after the end of March. The weather on the high points then resembles May in the Blue Mountains.
-Our trip, deliberately planned to be easy, was
-Day 1: Car from Mansfield to Mt. Buller. Camp near Ivor Whittaker Memorial Lodge. Afternoon went to summit, generally viewing lay-out of country (about 2 miles).
+Our trip, deliberately planned to be easy, was:
-Day 2: Alons, jeep track to Mt. Sterling (descent 11200-ft., ascent 1:300-ft.): over Memorial Hill: camp near Hearne's Hut (8 miles.)
-Day 3: Descent to King River (descent 2,000-ft.) Mislaid track and
+__Day 1__: Car from Mansfield to Mt. Buller. Camp near Ivor Whittaker Memorial Lodge. Afternoon went to summit, generally viewing lay-out of country (about 2 miles).
-had bad trip in thick scrub. On River for lunch. Camped
-mile downstream near King River Hut (6 miles for day). 22y_i: Ascended to Cobbler Plateau (about 1,800-ft.) At Cobbler Hut
+__Day 2__: Along jeep track to Mt. Sterling (descent 1,200-ft., ascent 1,300-ft.), over Memorial Hill, camp near Hearne's Hut (8 miles.)
-for lunch. Picked up stores left for us (5 miles for day).
-L In the morning without packs to Mt. Cobbler and back to Hut.
+__Day 3__: Descent to King River (descent 2,000-ft.) Mislaid track and had bad trip in thick scrub. On River for lunch. Camped 1 mile downstream near King River Hut (6 miles for day).
-(8 miles - ascent and descent about 1,800-ft.)
-Day 6: South across Cobbler Plateau to Mts. Koonika nad Speculation. (about 8 miles - ascent of over 2,000-ft.)
+__Day 4__: Ascended to Cobbler Plateau (about 1,800-ft.) At Cobbler Hut for lunch. Picked up stores left for us (5 miles for day).
-Day 7: Over Speculation and Cross Cut Saw to Mt. Howitt and Macalist-
-.
+__Day 5__: In the morning without packs to Mt. Cobbler and back to Hut. (8 miles - ascent and descent about 1,800-ft.)
-ar Springs (ascents totalling 2,700-ft. - about 6 miles - a
-short but rugged day with heavy packs - no water en route). Day 8 Rest day at Macalister Springs. Walked a little way toward
+__Day 6__: South across Cobbler Plateau to Mts. Koonika nad Speculation. (about 8 miles - ascent of over 2,000-ft.)
--- Hewitt Hut - appears to be a fairly flat ridge far to south. Day_ 9: Over Mt. Howitt, Big Hill: Magdala: No.1 Divide to camp near
-Mt. Lovick (The Cairn) (about 8i miles - ascents of 2:500 ft.) 21/12: Over The Cairn, descent 2:300-ft., an to Sixteen Mile Creek,
+__Day 7__: Over Speculation and Cross Cut Saw to Mt. Howitt and Macalister Springs (ascents totalling 2,700-ft. - about 6 miles - a short but rugged day with heavy packs - no water en route).
-Howqua River and Ritchie's Hut (about 1 miles).
-: Doirn the Howqua about 6 miles (only 2-4 hours walking).
+__Day 8__: Rest day at Macalister Springs. Walked a little way toward Howitt Hut - appears to be a fairly flat ridge far to south.
-Day 12: Down the Howqua to Fry's Homestead (about 5 miles - many fords bout 2i hours walking).
-Day 13: Out to Merrijig (8 miles). Car to Mansfield.
+__Day 9__: Over Mt. Howitt, Big Hill, Magdala, No.1 Divide to camp near Mt. Lovick (The Cairn) (about 8 1/2 miles - ascents of 2,500 ft.)
-With the except ion of the stage from Mt. Speculation for about
--4 miles across the Cross Cut Saw, we were on cattle pads all the way, sometimes blossoming into main stock routes. It was good walking, and
+__Day 10__: Over The Cairn, descent 2,300-ft., on to Sixteen Mile Creek, Howqua River and Ritchie's Hut (about 7 1/2 miles).
-.
-easy on feet and footwear. A.little care in pathfinding needed in places where cattle have congregated near water cv sadd7. On the south end of Cross Cut Saw and again near Mt. Magdala the cattle tracks form useful sidlings which avoid topping every minor summit. Cross Cut Saw, by the way, is a kind of extended and peaky Narrow Neck, dropping into steep valleys on each flank.
+__Day 11__: Down the Howqua about 6 miles (only 2 - 2 1/2 hours walking).
-Flies were pestilential an the Howqua, and wite numerous enough on the highlands also. Perhaps the warm, dry weather we met caused them to be more active than usual.
-MAPS: The map we used was one produced by the Victorian Mountain TFEEpinc Club, which has made a study of this particular area. It was entirely adequate, a mott admirable job of tapping and kept well up to date. Copies of this, and adjoining naps, may be obtained from Stuart Brookes, of the V.M.T.C., 34 Orange Grove, Camberwell, E.6: Victoria, and cost approximately 3/. to 3/6d. each. A refer-11(e copy of the maps, donated by the V.M.T.C., is held in the Clubts =.) library. The sheets concerned are :-
+__Day 12__: Down the Howqua to Fry's Homestead (about 5 miles - many fords - about 2 1/2 hours walking).
-. Watersheds of King, Howqua, Jamieson and Macalister Rive. (the sheet used on our trip). Scale 1 inch to 100 chains (apz)rox.).
-. Macalister River Watershed - Scale 1 inch to 2 miles. Covers most of the area we were on, but in less detail, and a 1a2ce regionto the south and east.
+__Day 13__: Out to Merrijig (8 miles). Car to Mansfield.
-. Snowy Plains (track from Howitt Hut to Lain Tarli Karns and Mt. Wellington - south from the region we traversed). Scale 1 inch to 1 mile.
-. Ben Cruachan and Environs showing trails smith from Mt.Wellington. Scale 1 inch to 1 mile.
+With the exception of the stage from Mt. Speculation for about 3-4 miles across the Cross Cut Saw, we were on cattle pads all the way, sometimes blossoming into main stock routes. It was good walking, and easy on feet and footwear. A little care in pathfinding needed in places where cattle have congregated near water or in saddles. On the south end of Cross Cut Saw and again near Mt. Magdala the cattle tracks form useful sidlings which avoid topping every minor summit. Cross Cut Saw, by the way, is a kind of extended and peaky Narrow Neck, dropping into steep valleys on each flank.
-STORES: Mansfield is a town of reasonable size (notwithstanding the comment by a citizen of Sheffield, Tasmania (I) inscribec3 on the wall of the Gents Public Lavatory nMansfield is a. hicks town". 77iere is
-also a store at the timber settlement of Mirimbah at the f.,:ct. Jf: Mt. Duller;
+Flies were pestilential on the Howqua, and quite numerous enough on the highlands also. Perhaps the warm, dry weather we met caused them to be more active than usual.
-Mr. Bennie, who has a property on the Rose River Mt. Cobbler, will arrange to take stores up to Goner flu horses. He should be written in 'advance, and the goo to him C/- Thitfield Railway Station. He packed two pal. about 50 lbs. up to Cobbler Hut for us at a cost of 4. from Sydney was 32/-.
-t
+__Maps__: The map we used was one produced by the Victorian Mountain Tramping Club, which has made a study of this particular area. It was entirely adequate, a most admirable job of tapping and kept well up to date. Copies of this, and adjoining maps, may be obtained from Stuart Brookes, of the V.M.T.C., 34 Orange Grove, Camberwell, E.6, Victoria, and cost approximately 3/- to 3/6d. each. A reference copy of the maps, donated by the V.M.T.C., is held in the Club's map library. The sheets concerned are :-
-by pack isigned
-weight
+  - Watersheds of King, Howqua, Jamieson and Macalister Rivers (the sheet used on our trip). Scale 1 inch to 100 chains (approx.).
-freight
+  - Macalister River Watershed - Scale 1 inch to 2 miles. Covers most of the area we were on, but in less detail, and a 1arge region to the south and east.
-Mr. Fred Fry: of Howqua Homestead, will also undertake :;Lmilar jobs. I daresay parcels would have to be nailed to him C/- Merrijig, via Mansfield. He would be able to pack stores to part of
+  - Snowy Plains (track from Howitt Hut to Lain Tarli Karng and Mt. Wellington - south from the region we traversed). Scale 1 inch to 1 mile.
-Howqua River, or to Howitt Hut, 7 miles muth-east of tale mountain of that name aid 6 miles from Macalister Springs.
+  - Ben Cruachan and Environs - showing trails south from Mt. Wellington. Scale 1 inch to 1 mile.
-c.)w
-TRANSPORT: If entering the region from Cobbler side, tho approach 77117Sr7rom wangaratta through Whitfield. For a party of any size it would probably be best to hire a car at Wancaratta.
+__Stores__: Mansfield is a town of reasonable size (notwithstanding the comment by a citizen of Sheffield, Tasmania (!) inscribed on the wall of the Gents Public Lavatory "Mansfield is a hicks town"). There is also a store at the timber settlement of Mirimbah at the foot. of Mt. Buller.
-To come in to Buller or the Howqua River, Benalla is the detraining point. A 'bus leaves Benalla for Mansfield at 7.45 p m. daily, excluding Sunday, returning from Mansfield at 8.30 in the
-.
+Mr. Bennie, who has a property on the Rose River below Mt. Cobbler, will arrange to take stores up to Cobbler Hut by pack horses. He should be written in advance, and the goods consigned to him C/- Whitfield Railway Station. He packed two parcels, weight about 50 lbs. up to Cobbler Hut for us at a cost of £4. Rail freight from Sydney was 32/-.
-morning. Distance 40 miles, fare 9/- single, 15/. return (don't know currency of return tickets). Several hire care proprietors at Mansfid or Mirimbah will do the Mt. Buller trip,and would probably go most of the way to Howqua in good weather. Our man charged 4.10.0 for the Mansfield-Mt. Duller trip.
-Owing to delays involved in 'bus travel, a party with little time to spare may be advised to hire a car right through from Benalla (67 miles to Buller, 52 to Merrijig). There is a 'bus service from Mansfield to Mirimbah (beyond Merri jig and at the foot of Duller), and at certain tiMes this plies as far as the top of Duller, but the servio is infrequent, and enquiry should be made before relying on this.
+Mr. Fred Fry, of Howqua Homestead, will also undertake similar jobs. I daresay parcels would have to be mailed to him C/- Merrijig, via Mansfield. He would be able to pack stores to part of Howqua River, or to Howitt Hut, 7 miles south-east of the mountain of that name and 6 miles from Macalister Springs.
+__Transport__: If entering the region from Cobbler side, the approach would be from Wangaratta through Whitfield. For a party of any size it would probably be best to hire a car at Wancaratta.
+To come in to Buller or the Howqua River, Benalla is the detraining point. A 'bus leaves Benalla for Mansfield at 7.45 p.m. daily, excluding Sunday, returning from Mansfield at 8.30 in the morning. Distance 40 miles, fare 9/- single, 15/- return (don't know currency of return tickets). Several hire car proprietors at Mansfid or Mirimbah will do the Mt. Buller trip, and would probably go most of the way to Howqua in good weather. Our man charged £4.10.0 for the Mansfield-Mt. Buller trip.
+Owing to delays involved in 'bus travel, a party with little time to spare may be advised to hire a car right through from Benalla (67 miles to Buller, 52 to Merrijig). There is a 'bus service from Mansfield to Mirimbah (beyond Merrijig and at the foot of Buller), and at certain tiMes this plies as far as the top of Buller, but the service is infrequent, and enquiry should be made before relying on this.
+----
 MIINIMIDNII=m1711M116414101M117.1=0
 FEDERATION NOTES - JANUARY.