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   - Sandra Bardwell
-  - Nanette aJurke
+  - Nanette Burke
 __Mandelberg Cup Mixed Handicap__
   - Ross Wyborn and Nanette Bourke
   - Tony Queitzsch and Sandra Bardwell
   - Geoffrey Boxhal1 and Nancy Moppett
 __Underwater Swim - Men__
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-.,,
+=====The Kosciusko Primitive Area.=====
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+Walkers everywhere will note with satisfaction the recent proclamation of 70 square miles of the Kosciusko State Park as a primitive area.
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+This is the culmination of six year's representations from parties concerned for the preservation of this unique area. It is interesting to note that this is the first occasion on which scientists, in the interests of science, have acted in consort with the better known preservation bodies such as NPA and WLPS. While the latter two societies were interested in preserving this area in its natural state purely as a national heritage that future generations could enjoy, the Australian Academy of Science put forward the following further arguments in support of its retention as a primitive area.
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+  - It is the only extensive Alpine area in the whole mainland continent of Australia, and no area in the whole continent more truly merits reservation.
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+  - It includes, with a few miles of traverse, the highest mountains in the continent, with an unmatched altitudinal sequence from 1500 to 7300 feat.
-,
+  - Within the area are well-defined moraines, cirques, polished pavements, glacial varves and a series of glacial lakes unique in the Australian mainland.
+  - It contains the best development of alpine flora of the mainland, including two plant communities not represented elsewhere, and several species not found elsewhere in the continent.
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+  - It is watered by permanent Alpine streams, some containing the original flora and fauna as yet unaltered by the introduction of trout or by stream diversion.
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-The Sydney Bushwnlker March 1963
-THE KOSCIUSKO PRIMITIVE AREA.
- Manhole.
-Walkers everywhere mill note with satisfaction the recent proclamation of 70 square miles of the Kosciusko State Park as a primitive area.
-This is the culmination of six year's representations from parties concerned for the preservation of this unique area. It is interesting to note that this is the first occasion on which scientists, in the interests of science, have acted in consort with the better knackrn preservation
-bodies such as NPA and INIPS, While the latter two societies were interested
-in preserving this area in its natUral state pUrely aS a national heritage that future generations could enjoy, the Austrbaian Academy of Science
-put forward the following further arguments in support of its retention as a primitive area.
-. It is the only extensive Alpine area in the:whole mainland continent of Australia, and no area in the whole continent more truly merits
-reservation.
-. It includes, -aith a few miles of traverses the highest mountains in the continent, with an unmatched altitudinal sequence from 1500 to 7300 feat,.
-. Within the area are welldefined moraines, cirques, polished pavements, glacial varves and a series of glacial lakes unique in the Australian mainland.
-. It contains thb best development of alpine flora of the mainland, including two plant communities nOt represented elsewhere, and several
-species not found else-Where in the continent.
-. It is watered by permanent Alpine streams, some containing the original flora and fauna as yet unaltered by the introduction of trout or by stream diversion.'
 In 1958 a submission was made to the Kosciusko State Park and the Federal Government in the above terms, recommending as strongly as was possible, the setting aside of the area shown in the map as a primitive area. Now four years later, this has finally borne fruit.
-When, in 1944, the Kosciusko State easy complacentiyto view the future of square miles. The Trust, as a body of with the development and protection of given then was the following
-Park Trust was constituted it was this alpine area, embracing 2100 responsible citizens, would be charged this area. Amongst the powers
+When, in 1944, the Kosciusko State Park Trust was constituted it was easy complacently to view the future of this alpine area, embracing 2100 square miles. The Trust, as a body of responsible citizens, would be charged with the development and protection of this area. Amongst the powers given then was the following -
 "The Trust may retain as a primitive area such part of the Kosciusko State Park (not exceeding one tenth of the area of the Park) as it may think fit".
-March 1963
+[Map titled "Proposed Primitive Area in Kosciusko State Park."]
-The Sydney B ushwalker
-Proib used   e a
+In the ensuing 18 years the Trust has done an excellent job. (Your author, for example, has suffered the indignity of being instructed by a K.S.P.T. ranger to keep his camp-fire smaller in future as "bushfires are such a b----y menace".)
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+No one could have anticipated the rapid growth in popularity of skiing, and the Trust is to be congratulated for developing the facilities in the park in the way they have, encouraging the formation of clubs and restraining exploitation.
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+But it was a bitter pill for the nature lovers. Thredbo, Perisher and Smiggins were transformed into thriving communities where it was impossible to move more than a few yards without falling over a hut, outhouse or ski-tow.
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+The Trust, keeping in mind the greatest good for the greatest number, is now preparing plans for a massive parking area below the snow line with co-ordinated amenities including a ferry service to the ski lodgers. No one could cavil at this. It is what the public wants and the Trust serves the public. But the untamed areas are rapidly diminishing.
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+Then, of course, we have the spectacle of the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Authority. With machine-age efficiency and ruthlessness they have invaded the Park, built roads, thrown up earthworks, dammed rivers and criss-crossed the countryside with tower lines. One could not defend a position opposing this. It is a scheme of urgent national importance and to their credit, the AuthoritY has been most concerned and active in causing as little damage as possible; in fact, re-afforestation and the prevention of erosion is an important part of their work. However, the following statement from the Authority would leave any primitive person cold - "Scenic value is largely a matter of opinion and in a number of countries, hydroelectric works of the type associated with the Snowy Mountains scheme are considered to add to the natural attractions."
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+This was the setting for the battle of the "Primitive Area". As well, of course, there were other bodies directly concerned with the area, these being The Department of Main Roads, The Soil Conservation Service, the Geehi Ski Club, and The Cooma Shire Council. Any public servant, past or present, would quail at the thought of trying to push a proposal through such an administrative labyrinth.
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+But success has been achieved and must greatly hearten all associated with the formulation of the proposal.
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+The aim of the scheme is to preserve a natural reareation and scientific area which will be used by skiers, fishermen, campers, walkers and tourists and yet will not be destroyed in the process.
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+The chairman of the Trust, Mr. Howard Stanley, is quoted as saying "We have no intention of keeping people out of the area; in fact, the Trust is anxious to attract increasing numbers of visitors. What we will do is prevent road and engineering works, building and other forms of commercial development which could interfere with the character of the area."
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-The Sydney Bushwalker March 1963
-In:the ensuing 18 years the Trust has done an excellent job. (Your
-author t for example, has suffered the indignity of being instructed by a K.S.P.T. ranger to keep his camp-fire smaller in future as "bushfires are such a b----y menacc".)
-No one could have anticipated the rapid growth in popularity of skiing, and the Trust is to be congratulated for developing the facilities in the park in the way they have, encouraging the formation of clubs and restraining axploitation.
-But it was a bitter pill for the nature lovers. Thredbo, Pcrisher and Smiggins were transformed into thriving communities whore it was impossible to move more than 'a' few yards without falling over a hut, outhouse or ski-tow.
-The Trust, keeping in mini the greatest bood for the greatest number, is now preparing plans for a massive parking area below to snow line with co-ordinated amenities including a ferry service to the ski lodgers. No
-one could cavil at this. It is what the public wants and the Trust serves the public. But the untamed areas are rapidly deminishing.
-,Then, of course, We have the spectacle of the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Authority. With machine-age efficiency and ruthlessness they have invaded the Park, built roads, thrown up earthworks, dammed rivers
-and criss-crossed the countryside with tower lines. One could not defend a position apposing this. It is a scheme of urgent national importance and
-to their credit; the AuthoritY has been most concerned and active in causing as little damage as possible; in fact, re-afforestation and the prevention of erosion is an important part of thpir work. However, the following statement from the Authority would lc-awe any primitive person cold - "Scenic value is largely a matter of opinion and in a number of countries, hydroelectric works of the type associated with the Snowy Mountains scheme are
-considered to add to the natural attractionsThis *as the settin8 for the battle of the "Primitive Area". As well,
-of course, there were other ,bodies directly concerned with the area, these being The Department of Main Roads,. The Soil Conservation Service, the
-Geehi Ski Club, and The Cooma Shire Council. Any public servant, Past
-or present, would quail at the thought ol'-irying tO push a proposal through such an administrative labyrinth.
-But success has been achieved and must. greatly hearten' all associated with the formulation of the proposal.
-The aim of the scheme is to preserve a natural reareation and scientific area which will be used by skiers, fishermen, campers, wal1a end tourists and yet will not be destroyed in the process.
-March 1963 The Sydney Bushwalker 13
-The chairman of the Trust, Mr. Howard Stanley, is qtoted as saying "We have no intention of keeping people out of the area; in fact, the Trust is anxious to attract increasing numbers of visitors. What we will do is prevent road and engineering works, building and other forms of commercial development which could interfere with the character of the area."
 The area has been designed to exclude most of the Snowy scheme and the ski centres, but be close enough to both to be easily accessible to visitors. The Superintendent of the Park, Neville Gare, says "The idea is that people can drive up to the primitive area or go up by chairlifts, and suddenly find themselves in another world."
-Those are admirable sentiments, and onaswhich can be received with a certain amount of confidence. Certainly, the Park Trust durini,; its nineteen years of office has not betrPyed the faith placed in it and there is every reason to believe that this Primitive Area will be supervised in a spirit in keeping with the motives of its protagonists.
+Those are admirable sentiments, and ones which can be received with a certain amount of confidence. Certainly, the Park Trust during its nineteen years of office has not betrayed the faith placed in it and there is every reason to believe that this Primitive Area will be supervised in a spirit in keeping with the motives of its protagonists.
 Recently, in the last two weeks in fact, the Park Trust has twice demonstrated its firm resolve to abide by the principles of the Primitive Area.
-On the first occasion, the Commissioner of the S.M.H.E.A. publicly criticised the Chairman of the Trust, Mr. K.C. CTInpton 11.L.A. for their stand, as the Authority had planned to build a dam at Spencer's Cr. (which wooald flood part of the Area covering up same rare glacial striations) and a 6 mile aqueduct through the area. We all know what that would do to it.
-Secondly, the Trust was attacked by the President of the Australian Alpine Club (according to the "Daily Telegraph") for not permitting the re-building of al/lama Lodge, destroyed some years ago by avalanche, in the upper area.
+On the first occasion, the Commissioner of the S.M.H.E.A. publicly criticised the Chairman of the Trust, Mr. K.C. Compton M.L.A. for their stand, as the Authority had planned to build a dam at Spencer's Cr. (which wooald flood part of the Area covering up some rare glacial striations) and a 6 mile aqueduct through the area. We all know what that would do to it.
+Secondly, the Trust was attacked by the President of the Australian Alpine Club (according to the "Daily Telegraph") for not permitting the re-building of Kuhama Lodge, destroyed some years ago by avalanche, in the upper area.
 On both occasions the Trust has stood firm.
-It is refreshing to see a body of citizens prepared to stand by their convictions despite pressure from outside. This club at its last General. Meeting forwarded a letter to the Minister for Ccnservation applauding the creation of the Primitive J1. rea.
-, But we can do more than this. Each one of us should write a letter to the Chairman, Kosciusko State Park Trust, Caltax House, Kent Street, Sydney, axpressing appreciation of their st:.nd in these matters. Not to do this will indicate a lethargy of which we are perhaps a little too apt to criticise the 'general public'.
+It is refreshing to see a body of citizens prepared to stand by their convictions despite pressure from outside. This club at its last General Meeting forwarded a letter to the Minister for Ccnservation applauding the creation of the Primitive Area.
+But we can do more than this. Each one of us should write a letter to the Chairman, Kosciusko State Park Trust, Caltex House, Kent Street, Sydney, expressing appreciation of their stand in these matters. Not to do this will indicate a lethargy of which we are perhaps a little too apt to criticise the 'general public'.
 And don't forget husbands and wives are individuals in their own right and can each write separately. By the end of next week Mr. Compton should have three hundred letters on his table.
-March 1963 , The, Sydney Buslwalker
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+----
 . THE LIFE LND HARD OF BRILN G.
 Gillaa.