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-THE LAST ROUND UPS IN THE KOSCIUSKO, STATE PARK.
+=====The Last Round Ups In The Kosciusko State Park.=====
 by Sandra and Phil Butt.
-The. Snowy Mountains Hydro Electric Authordy is prominent in the news, at the moment and its achievements are highly praised. Its very beginnings
-however had a profound effect on the people who formerly lived among the
+The. Snowy Mountains Hydro Electric Authority is prominent in the news at the moment and its achievements are highly praised. Its very beginnings however had a profound effect on the people who formerly lived among the hills and one that could hardly receive favourable mention.
-hills and one that could hardly receive favourable mention.
-The following extract, for the most part unedited, from the Log Book at O'Keefe's Hut in the Kosciusko State Park under the shadow of that inspiring mountain Jagungal, illustrates the hardships of those people
+The following extract, for the most part unedited, from the Log Book at O'Keefe's Hut in the Kosciusko State Park under the shadow of that inspiring mountain Jagungal, illustrates the hardships of those people and how bitter they were about the march of progress accross their territory.
-and how bitter they were about the march of progress accross their territory.
-"14.4.56-23.4.56. Berridale Bull Dogs. B.J.Boller, R.H. and C.M. Flanagan. Saturday 14.4.56. Came here to muster sheep but weather turned cold, wet
+"14.4.56-23.4.56. Berridale Bull Dogs. B.J.Boller, R.H. and C.M. Flanagan. Saturday 14.4.56. Came here to muster sheep but weather turned cold, wet and foggy. Wind almost too strong to stand up in. Result sitting in the old hut smoking a cigarette. Arrived from Berridale, leaving for Berridale the Lord only knows when.
-and foggy. Wind almost too strong to stand up in. Result sitting in the old hut smoking a cigarette. Arrived from Berridale, leaving for Berridale the Lord only knows when.
 Sunday 15th, Monday 16th, Tuesday 17th. Still here. Weather still very windy cold and wet. Still smoking.
-Wednesday 18th. Still here. Cold wind, snowQ 7bather generally very bad. Extremely heavy rain but no evidence of soil erosion.
-Thursday 19th. Conditions deteriorating. Blizzard followed by heavy snow.
+Wednesday 18th. Still here. Cold wind, snow. Weather generally very bad. Extremely heavy rain but no evidence of soil erosion.
-Sheep showing signs of weakness and lameness due to extreme wet. Horse feed finished. Rations becoming short. Still unable to complete muster and move owing to flooding of Doubtful River and Boogang Crook. Tobacco supplies swindling.
-Friday 20th. Approximately 15 inches of snow this morning. Light snow fell all day, wind abating. This concluded seven days without any sunlight. Boller left early for supplies, arriving back at dark. Rest of party erected. bridge over Boogang Creek. Sheep position becoming critical. Have 1,000 in hut paddock. Still no soil erosion. Mather still shows no signs of improving at 8 p m.
+Thursday 19th. Conditions deteriorating. Blizzard followed by heavy snow. Sheep showing signs of weakness and lameness due to extreme wet. Horse feed finished. Rations becoming short. Still unable to complete muster and move owing to flooding of Doubtful River and Boogang Crook. Tobacco supplies swindling.
-Saturday 21st. Two feet of snow on the ground_ this morning. Started sheep towards Basin Greek. Took us all day to move them about 1 mile. Today is the first time the sun has shown for eight days. Party very tired tonight
-from ploughing through deep snow. Still no signs of soil erosion. Tobacco
+Friday 20th. Approximately 15 inches of snow this morning. Light snow fell all day, wind abating. This concluded seven days without any sunlight. Boller left early for supplies, arriving back at dark. Rest of party erected bridge over Boogang Creek. Sheep position becoming critical. Have 1,000 in hut paddock. Still no soil erosion. Weather still shows no signs of improving at 8 p.m.
-supplies becoming critical. C.M. Flanagan started. bludging tonight. On
-the air again tomorrow night. P.S. C.M. Flanagan had quite a nice landing in the snow off his horse this morning. He blames the horse, but we think he got up a little before he was properly awake.
+Saturday 21st. Two feet of snow on the ground this morning. Started sheep towards Basin Creek. Took us all day to move them about 1 mile. Today is the first time the sun has shown for eight days. Party very tired tonight from ploughing through deep snow. Still no signs of soil erosion. Tobacco supplies becoming critical. C.M. Flanagan started bludging tonight. On the air again tomorrow night. P.S. C.M. Flanagan had quite a nice landing in the snow off his horse this morning. He blames the horse, but we think he got up a little before he was properly awake.
-Sunday 22nd. Cloudy but fairly warm. Cloud dispersed at 5.30 p m. Clear frosty night. Small thaw took place. Move sheep on to Finns Ridge.
-Monday 23rd. 7.30 a m. Clear cloudless sky, leaving today. See you again some time  Hope this account has not been too boring."
+Sunday 22nd. Cloudy but fairly warm. Cloud dispersed at 5.30 p.m. Clear frosty night. Small thaw took place. Move sheep on to Finns Ridge.
-. The Sydney Bushwalker October, 1966
+Monday 23rd. 7.30 a.m. Clear cloudless sky, leaving today. See you again some time. Hope this account has not been too boring."
 An unsigned (edited) note followed:
-"The only soil erosion that has been caused has been from heavy snow drifts and due to some of the roads that the S.M.A. put in2 the silt
-is 2  3 feet deep some yards down the creeks below the roads. I have had 52 years experience in these mountains and never saw any signs of soil erosion until the S.M.A. came and took over, except from the heavy snow drifts."
+"The only soil erosion that has been caused has been from heavy snow drifts and due to some of the roads that the S.M.A. put in, the silt is 2 - 3 feet deep some yards down the creeks below the roads. I have had 52 years experience in these mountains and never saw any signs of soil erosion until the S.M.A. came and took over, except from the heavy snow drifts."
 D.J. Boller and C.M. Flanagan returned on 15th April, 1958.
-"Fine and cold and windy. C.M.F. and self beat R.M. Flanagan and Ken
-Bradford at 500 tonight, two games to one. Two misdeals. Still no sign
+"Fine and cold and windy. C.M.F. and self beat R.M. Flanagan and Ken Bradford at 500 tonight, two games to one. Two misdeals. Still no sign of soil erosion. The Snowy boys can't find it either. An awful shame isn't it? It must be very frustrating for them to spend so much time looking for something that isn't there.
-of soil erosion. The Snowy boys can't find it either. An awful shame isnIt it? It must be very frustrating for them to spend so much time looking for something that isn't there.
-C.M.F. 15th. Came for mustering. Fine clear, ideal for job. Stock in good condition. Excellent feed everywhere. This may be the last stock muster as strong pressure has been asserted by S.M.A., Department of Lands and State Park Trust to terminate grazing because some scientists suggest that grazing is causing soil erosion. Yet for 90 years of grazing which
+C.M.F. 15th. Came for mustering. Fine clear, ideal for job. Stock in good condition. Excellent feed everywhere. This may be the last stock muster as strong pressure has been asserted by S.M.A., Department of Lands and State Park Trust to terminate grazing because some scientists suggest that grazing is causing soil erosion. Yet for 90 years of grazing which has created millions of pounds and greatly assisted our national development, looking from this hut, the only piece of broken earth is a small patch on the old bullock dray track passing by. However, without stock the existing vegetation will build up into an uncontrollable fire hazard which will completely denude this mountain and result in widespread erosion.
-has created millions of pounds and greatly assisted our national development, looking from this hut, the only piece of broken earth is a small patch on the old bullock dray track passing by. However, without stock the existing vegetation will build up into an uncontrollable fire hazara which will
-completely denude this mountain and result in widespread erosion.
+Agriculturalists who have done so much for our nation are now to be pushed aside by scientific theory without any effort by experimenting to see what the grazing potential could be. Graziers are willing to cooperate. However the S.M.A. having been given some power now wants to unurp its authority. The men who pioneered this country and who inculcated a sense of national endeavour into their descendants would never have believed that the future generations of Australians would quickly bow to such a policy. The future will justify the submissions of men with knowledge of this area."
-Agriculturalists who have done so much for our nation are now to be pushed aside by scientific theory without any effort by experimenting to see what the g/szing potential could be. Graziers are willing to cooperate. However the SOL.A. having been given some power now wants to unurp its authority. The men who pioneered this country and who inculcated a sense of national
-endeavour into their descendants would never have believed that the future
+----
-generations of Australians would quidkly bow to such a policy. The future will justify the submissions of men with knowledge of this area."
-BUSH TALKING TO BONDI  When the World was Young.
+=====Bush Walking To Bondi.=====
+===When the World was Young.===
 The following directions for a walk to Bondi are taken from the N.S.W. Calendar of 1833. Mileage is calculated from Macquarie Place.
-mile. The Southhead road extends from the Southeast corner of Hyde
-Park.
+|1 mile.|The South-head road extends from the South-east corner of Hyde Park.|
-*miles. On the left is a walled quadrangle of great extent, intended to enclose a new goal. On the right, New Botany road, which may
+|1 1/2 miles.|On the left is a walled quadrangle of great extent, intended to enclose a new goal. On the right, New Botany road, which may become a pleasant drive, being nearly on a level the whole way.|
-become a pleasant drive, being nearly on a level the whole way.
+|2 miles.|On the left, Juniper Hill, now designated Ormond HouSei the residence of the Attorney-General, Dr. Finchela. It commands a most extensive view of the Blue Mountains and the intermediate country, and of the most prominent features of the mountains. The round height on the left is Mount Hay, partially cleared for the survey, with one tree left on the summit. The double hill next is King George's Mount, and on the right, the long gently declining mass is Mount Tomah... On the right, bush track leading to Gordon's Mill, round the head of the large swamp to Coodgee.|
-October, 1966 The Sydney Bushwaiker lg.
+|3 1/2 miles.|On the right, adjoining Levey's garden, is the bush road leading to a hill on which stands Levey's tower... this track also leads to Great and Little Coodgee. It is a track much used by wood-cutters. The distance to Great Coodgee is about 1 3/4 miles.|
-=111111=1.1Ms..0170.
+|3 3/4 miles.|On the right, Waverley House, built by Mr. Barnet Levey.|
- mile.
+|4 miles.|On the left, gate leading to Bellevue, a high hill from which there is an extensive view; and a large extent of the Pacific, close under the spectator, is suddenly brought into view, with the lighthouse, etc. on the left.|
-On the left, Juniper Hill, now designated Ormond HouSei the residence of the Attorney-General, Dr. Finchela. It commands
-a most extensive view of the Blue Mountains and the intermediate country, and of the most prominent features of the mountains. The round height on the left is Mount Hay, partially cleared for the survey, with one tree left on the summit. The double
+"O, That can sanctify the joys of home\\
-hill next is King George's Mount, and on the right, the long gently declining mass is Mount Tomah .. On the right, bush
-track leading to Gordon's Mill, round the head of the large swamp to Coodgee.
-On the right, adjoining Levey's garden, is the bush road leading to a hill on which stands Levey's tower ... this
-track also leads to Great and Little Coodgee. It is a track much used by wood-cutters. The distance to Great Coodgee is about 1-g- miles.
-On the right, Waverley House, built by Mr. Barnet Levey.
-On the left, gate leading to Bellevue, a high hill from -which there is an extensive view; and a large extent of the Pacific, close under the spectator, is sud denly br,mght into view, lah
-the lighthouse,. etc. on the left
-"0, That can sanctify the joys of home
 Like Hope's gay glance o'er ocean's troubled foam,"
 Byron.
-i- miles. On the right, the fir track to Bondi Bay. Half a mile further on is a bridge across a small stream. Some good specimens of weeping birch are seen here, which when in bloom, are singularly beautiful. There are also some fine
-specimens of zunica palm, called by the natives "burwan",
+|4 1/2 miles.|On the right, the first track to Bondi Bay. Half a mile further on is a bridge across a small stream. Some good specimens of weeping birch are seen here, which when in bloom, are singularly beautiful. There are also some fine specimens of zunica palm, called by the natives "burwan", also the fern tree; and further on the right, in the bush, the fan palm, commonly called the cabbage tree, may found; a little further on is a grassy slot indicated by the ruins of a house. The bays on this part of the coast, closed in by rocky headlands, and backed by barren rising ground, have something of a peculiar loneliness about them. The solemn roar of the breakers - the shining sandy beach, unmarked by human foot - and the low but beautiful shrubs, make up a scene to be peopled by the imagination... The botanical productions found round these bays are scarce, and botanists resort hither to view, in flower, many shrubs rarely to be met with elsewhere."|
-also the fern tree; and further on the right, in the bush,
-the fan palm, commonly called the cabbage tree, may found; a little further on is a grassy slot indicated by the ruins of a house. The bays on this part of the coast, closed in by rocky headlands, and, backed by barren rising ground, have something of a peculiar loneliness about them. The solemn roar of the 'breakers - the shining sandy beach, unmarked by human foot ,- and the low but beaiful shrubs, make up a scene to be peopled by the imagination ... The
+----
-botanical productions found round these bays are scarce,
-and botanists resort 'hither to view, in flower, many shrubs rarely to be met with elsewhere."
+====Answers to Crossword Puzzle on Page 14.====
-. The Sydney Bushwalker 06tober, 1966
-ANS17ERS TO CROSSTORD PUZZLE on Page 14
+===Across:===
-ACROSS: 1. Ironmongery, 8. pin up, 10. poker, 12. tin, 13. sands, 14i ergo, 15. exerts, 16. Erebus, 19. Pilot, 20. agrees 21. ebb,
-. cents, 25. tramp, 27; Yerranderie.
+. Ironmongery, 8. pin up, 10. poker, 12. tin, 13. sands, 14. ergo, 15. exerts, 16. Erebus, 19. Pilot, 20. agrees 21. ebb, 22. cents, 25. tramp, 27; Yerranderie.
-DOT: 1. Impasse, 2. own, 3, map, 4. novice, 5. E.S.P., 6. yak, 7. Tarro, 9. underfoot, 11. overeager, 17. steeple, 18. Albina, 19. packs, 23. nay, 24. sir, 25. tea, 26. air.
-MORE OF ONE MORE MONTH
+===Down:===
+. Impasse, 2. own, 3, map, 4. novice, 5. E.S.P., 6. yak, 7. Tarro, 9. underfoot, 11. overeager, 17. steeple, 18. Albina, 19. packs, 23. nay, 24. sir, 25. ted, 26. air.
+----
+=====More Of One More Month.=====
 By "Observer"
-starters on Dot Butler's Snow Instructional to Watson's Crags: If only the Government would built another 3,000 feet or so on to the
-Blue Mountains instead of playing trains with the Eastern Suburbs Railway?
-Many members will remember Magdalene Drown (or "Brownie", her nickname).
-Brownie had been living on the Queensland coast for some years, but recently died as the result of a road accident.
-Congratulations to Eric Adcock and Jan Kaleski on their marriage
-on October 1.
-:1011
-SEARCH AND RESCUE DEMONSTRATION ?EEK-END
-OCTOBER 15 - 16
-SKY - DIVING, RAY TYSON DEMONSTRATING RESUSCITATION,
-HOW NOT TO ROCK CLIMB.
-PLEASE RING BARRY WALLACE FOR FURTHER DETAILS 6028222 (13)
----_-__
+starters on Dot Butler's Snow Instructional to Watson's Crags! If only the Government would build another 3,000 feet or so on to the Blue Mountains instead of playing trains with the Eastern Suburbs Railway?
+Many members will remember Magdalene Brown (or "Brownie", her nickname). Brownie had been living on the Queensland coast for some years, but recently died as the result of a road accident.
+Congratulations to Eric Adcock and Jan Kaleski on their marriage on October 1.
+----
+====Search and Rescue Demonstration Week-end.====
+October 15 - 16.
+Sky-diving. Ray Tyson demonstrating resuscitation. How not to rock climb.
+Please ring Barry Wallace for further details 6028222 (B).