198101
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- | **THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER** | + | =====The Sydney Bushwalker.===== |
A monthly bulletin of matters of interest to The Sydney Bush Walkers, Box 4476 G.P.O., Sydney, 2001. Club meetings are held every Wednesday evening from 7.30 pm at the Wireless Institute Building, 14 Atchison Street, St. Leonards. Enquiries concerning the Club should be referred to Ann Ravn, Telephone 798-8607. | A monthly bulletin of matters of interest to The Sydney Bush Walkers, Box 4476 G.P.O., Sydney, 2001. Club meetings are held every Wednesday evening from 7.30 pm at the Wireless Institute Building, 14 Atchison Street, St. Leonards. Enquiries concerning the Club should be referred to Ann Ravn, Telephone 798-8607. | ||
- | |EDITOR|Helen Gray, 209 Malton Road, Epping, 2121. Telephone 86-6263| | + | |Editor|Helen Gray, 209 Malton Road, Epping, 2121. Telephone 86-6263| |
- | |BUSINESS MANAGER|Bill Burke, 3 Coral Tree Drive, Carlingford, | + | |Business Manager|Bill Burke, 3 Coral Tree Drive, Carlingford, |
- | |TYPIST|Kath Brown. Telephone 81-2675| | + | |Typist|Kath Brown. Telephone 81-2675| |
- | |DUPLICATOR OPERATOR|Phil Butt| | + | |Duplicator Operator|Phil Butt| |
+ | ====January, | ||
- | **JANUARY, 1981.** | + | | | |Page| |
|Mud Sliding and Rock Skating in the Bindook Area |Joy Hynes| 2| | |Mud Sliding and Rock Skating in the Bindook Area |Joy Hynes| 2| | ||
- | |Kosciusko | + | |Kosciusko National Park - Plan of Management Review| |4| |
- | |Advertisement - Eastwood Camping Centre ||12| | + | |Advertisement - Eastwood Camping Centre| |12| |
- | |"Stop Press" |Anon. |13| | + | |"Stop Press" |
- | |The Flowers of Srinagar - Part IV |Bill Gillam |14| | + | |The Flowers of Srinagar - Part IV|Bill Gillam |14| |
- | |Social Notes for February| Peter Miller| 16| | + | |Social Notes for February|Peter Miller|16| |
- | + | ||
- | ====== Mud Sliding and Rock Skating in the Bindook Area ====== | + | =====Mud Sliding and Rock Skating in the Bindook Area.===== |
Joy Hynes | Joy Hynes | ||
With bush fires literally breathing down own necks, the following entrants in the above competition set off, fully prepared to drink and eat everything cold and pre-cooked, for the weekend:- | With bush fires literally breathing down own necks, the following entrants in the above competition set off, fully prepared to drink and eat everything cold and pre-cooked, for the weekend:- | ||
- | Chris and Mark Dabbs, Rowena Evans, Michael Floyd, Peter Franks, Bill Gamble, Kathy Gero, Steve Holland, Victor Lewin, Brian Palm, Frank Roberts, Cev Sternhill, Bronwyn Stow and Frank Woodgate ably, | + | |
+ | Chris and Mark Dabbs, Rowena Evans, Michael Floyd, Peter Franks, Bill Gamble, Kathy Gero, Steve Holland, Victor Lewin, Brian Palm, Frank Roberts, Cev Sternhill, Bronwyn Stow and Frank Woodgate | ||
Prior to our arrival on the Wombeyan-Goodman' | Prior to our arrival on the Wombeyan-Goodman' | ||
- | We were just preparing to proceed up Mt. Bindook after lunch, when a rider on horseback arrived in our midst, and we were entertained for the following quarter of an hour or so by none other than Mr. Neville Lang, who spoke about the area generally. He advised us of a better route up Bindook, which went directly up the mountain, instead of up and into the saddle and up again. After Ian and Victor conferred with the others, it was decided to follow his directions, and so we proceeded upstream a little further and then up, up and away. I am certain Mr. Lang was just getting his revenge upon us for avoiding his " | + | We were just preparing to proceed up Mt. Bindook after lunch, when a rider on horseback arrived in our midst, and we were entertained for the following quarter of an hour or so by none other than Mr. Neville Lang, who spoke about the area generally. He advised us of a better route up Bindook, which went directly up the mountain, instead of up and into the saddle and up again. After Ian and Victor conferred with the others, it was decided to follow his directions, and so we proceeded upstream a little further and then up, up and away. I am certain Mr. Lang was just getting his revenge upon us for avoiding his " |
- | would like to have ventured up the original trail. | + | |
After what felt like several hours, we finally achieved our object, and I for one was absolutely speechless with the magnificence of the view. Small glimpses on the way up had whet our appetites, and the final goal was well worth the effort of every screaming muscle. After suitable refreshment, | After what felt like several hours, we finally achieved our object, and I for one was absolutely speechless with the magnificence of the view. Small glimpses on the way up had whet our appetites, and the final goal was well worth the effort of every screaming muscle. After suitable refreshment, | ||
Line 38: | Line 36: | ||
Telephones have nothing on the bush telegraph, because Mrs. Lang knew who we were, and that we had been talking to her husband some few hours earlier. We all then advanced up the road (mainly up, very few downs) to where the Tomat Falls road went off to the right. By this time most of the party were beginning to feel a little weary and footsore, but were encouraged to go further with the thought that tomorrow would then be easier and shorter (foolish thought). We passed a few farm buildings and animals and marvelled at the endurance of people living in these remote areas. We soon arrived at the creek and decided to camp for the night. We were very fortunate to get tents up and tea cooked before the rain came down in buckets. The drought needed to be broken, but did it have to be in the middle of our walk, and in such heavy buckets? | Telephones have nothing on the bush telegraph, because Mrs. Lang knew who we were, and that we had been talking to her husband some few hours earlier. We all then advanced up the road (mainly up, very few downs) to where the Tomat Falls road went off to the right. By this time most of the party were beginning to feel a little weary and footsore, but were encouraged to go further with the thought that tomorrow would then be easier and shorter (foolish thought). We passed a few farm buildings and animals and marvelled at the endurance of people living in these remote areas. We soon arrived at the creek and decided to camp for the night. We were very fortunate to get tents up and tea cooked before the rain came down in buckets. The drought needed to be broken, but did it have to be in the middle of our walk, and in such heavy buckets? | ||
- | Sunday morning arrived on time, but without the sun and with lots and lots of heavy rain, which made breakfast and breaking camp very uncomfortable and slow, and we did not depart until about 9.30 am. Owing to the dangerous condition of the falls in the rain, only six of the more courageous members of the party (Chris and Mark, Bron and Michael, Cev and Brian) decided to venture (or should I say slide) | + | Sunday morning arrived on time, but without the sun and with lots and lots of heavy rain, which made breakfast and breaking camp very uncomfortable and slow, and we did not depart until about 9.30 am. Owing to the dangerous condition of the falls in the rain, only six of the more courageous members of the party (Chris and Mark, Bron and Michael, Cev and Brian) decided to venture (or should I say slide) |
However, a surprise at lunch time made it worth while. Sloshing along the fire trail towards what is known as The Priests Hut, we came out into a clearing - truly at the end of the world - complete with 4-wheel drive, caravan, a normal-drive car and a half-finished shed. The owner of this " | However, a surprise at lunch time made it worth while. Sloshing along the fire trail towards what is known as The Priests Hut, we came out into a clearing - truly at the end of the world - complete with 4-wheel drive, caravan, a normal-drive car and a half-finished shed. The owner of this " | ||
Line 46: | Line 44: | ||
Host Ian then walked a little way with us to the top of a small mountain and pointed out a track we were unaware of which led straight down onto the " | Host Ian then walked a little way with us to the top of a small mountain and pointed out a track we were unaware of which led straight down onto the " | ||
- | + | =====Kosciusko National Park Plan of Management Review===== | |
- | ====== Kosciusko National Park Plan of Management Review | + | |
- | |||
(This Review was received in club correspondence for December, and as all club members are interested in Kosciusko National Park either as walkers and/or skiers, we are publishing it in full. Note that it is NOT the Draft Plan of Management which is still to be finalised. EDITOR.) | (This Review was received in club correspondence for December, and as all club members are interested in Kosciusko National Park either as walkers and/or skiers, we are publishing it in full. Note that it is NOT the Draft Plan of Management which is still to be finalised. EDITOR.) | ||
- | INTRODUCTION | + | ====Introduction==== |
- | _:..._..The.Planning Issue Statement on Resort Areas was published in May, 1980, This Statement was one of a series designed to stimulate interest and' | + | |
- | on important planning issues being considered as part of the review of the | + | The Planning Issue Statement on Resort Areas was published in May, 1980, This Statement was one of a series designed to stimulate interest and comment |
- | Kosciusko National Park Plan of Management. The main points covered by the Sfatement | + | |
- | The Planning | + | __The Planning |
- | where.existing-access,-accommodation and skifield | + | |
- | saturation point in the near future. In considering the future management | + | * Because of the Park's international importance there must be a limit to which development can be permitted. |
- | Because of the Park's international importance there must be a limit to which development can be permitted. | + | |
- | Use of the Park should be available to as wide a range of visitors | + | * Use of the Park should be available to as wide a range of visitors as possible and not be restricted to specific sections of the community. |
- | as possible and not be restricted to specific sections of the community. | + | |
- | Financial constraints will dictate the amount of public funds available | + | * Financial constraints will dictate the amount of public funds available for road construction and provision of new services. |
- | for road construction and provision of new services. | + | |
- | The community will not accept continued disturbance of the Park's fragile alpine and subalpine | + | * The community will not accept continued disturbance of the Park's fragile alpine and sub-alpine |
- | EaLailaLLIalliEltiess | + | |
- | Kih-gs-Cross.and:Blue.Cow-areas will be considered for alpine (downhill) skiing facilities. Any other areas within the Park which may be appropriate for skiing development will also be investigated. | + | __New Skiing Opportunities__: |
- | Accommodation: It was suggested that the only additional accommodation | + | |
- | that may be provided will be that required for essential servicing staff or . | + | __Accommodation__: It was suggested that the only additional accommodation that may be provided will be that required for essential servicing staff or to fulfil existing commitments. |
+ | |||
+ | __Access__: The use of mass transit into resort areas to cater for the increased numbers of visitors was suggested. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Over 280 written submissions, | ||
+ | |||
+ | It is obvious that there is enormous public interest in the future of the Park and its Plan of Management. This sheet attempts to answer some of the most common questions from the submissions, | ||
+ | |||
+ | * visitor numbers | ||
+ | |||
+ | * the impact of skiing at, and overseas comparisons with, Kosciusko National Park. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * accommodation | ||
+ | |||
+ | * access | ||
+ | |||
+ | * new skiing opportunities | ||
+ | |||
+ | * the legal requirements of planning, and | ||
+ | |||
+ | * water supply and sewerage. | ||
+ | |||
+ | It is intended to continue discussions with local government, skier representative bodies and other organisations interested in this planning process before the Draft Plan is finalised. The discussions will proceed through November. Any statistics or opinions which might conflict with the arguments outlined here should be brought to the attention of such bodies, or the Planning Officer, as soon as possible. Alternatively, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Questions and Comments==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | __A. Visitor Numbers.__ | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. How many winter visitors will be using the Park in future years? | ||
- | to fulfill existing commitments. | ||
- | Access: The.use of mass transit into ,resort areas to cater for the increased-numbers of visitors was suggested. | ||
- | Over 280 written submissions, | ||
- | been received in response to this Statement by midOctober 1980. They have all been studied, and are helping to shape the Draft Plan of Management. | ||
- | It is obvious that there is enormous public interest in the future of | ||
- | t14e Park and its Plan of Management. This sheet attempts to answer some of the most common questions from the submissions, | ||
- | provide an informed environment for a communitywide assessment of the Draft | ||
- | Plan when it becomes available in the new year. The information provided in this Sheet relates to seven General issue: | ||
- | visitor numbers | ||
- | the impact of skiing at, and overseas comparisons with, KosciuSko National Park. | ||
- | Page .5 | ||
- | THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER January, | ||
- | accommodation | ||
- | . access . | ||
- | new skiing opportunities | ||
- | the legal requirements of planning, and ....,water supply and sewerage. | ||
- | It is intended to continue discussions with local government, skier representative bodies and other organisations interested in thisplanning process before the Draft Plan is finalised. Thee di6cussions will proceed through November. Any statistics or opinions which might conflict with the arguments outlined here should be brought to the attention- of,such bodies, or the Planning Officer, as soon as possible. Alternatively, | ||
- | The Planning Officer, Kosciusko National Park, Private Mail Bag, COOMA. N.S.W. 2630. | ||
- | QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS | ||
- | A. Visitor Nuoibers. | ||
- | .4: | ||
It depends who you ask. There are a range of estimates for the next decade: | It depends who you ask. There are a range of estimates for the next decade: | ||
+ | |||
Peak Day Visitors (Eastern Resorts) | Peak Day Visitors (Eastern Resorts) | ||
- | . .... | + | |
- | - Estimate Basis - -Increase pa.-1980-..--1985,. .a990... | + | |Estimate Basis|Increase pa.|1980|1985|1990| |
- | .... ......., | + | |Aust. Ski Federation (high)|22%|24,000|65,000|175,000| |
- | .Audt.Ski Federation (high) 22% 24, | + | |N.S.W. Ski Association|l8%|24,000|55,000|126,000| |
- | N.S.W. Ski Association'. la% 24, | + | |Aust. Ski Federation (low)|15%|24,000|48,000|97,000| |
- | Aus-t.Ski Federation (lbw) 15% 24, | + | |Perisher Range Planning Study|12%|24,000|42,000|75,000| |
- | Perisher Range Planning Study 12% 24, | + | |Kosciusko |
- | Kosciusko | + | |N.P.W.S./ |
- | N.P.W.S./ | + | |
Total Winter Visitors | Total Winter Visitors | ||
- | --Estimate: | ||
- | AU6-6.Ski -FederatiOn-Chith) - 22% -2; | ||
- | .' | ||
- | Aust.Ski Federation (low) 15% 1, | ||
- | Perisher Range Planning Study 12% 1, | ||
- | Kosciusko SubRegion Study* 9% 190109000 1, | ||
- | N P.W.S./ | ||
- | _ and -Environment -Commission | ||
- | Page 6 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER January, | ||
- | 2. HOW MANY OF THE VISITORS ARE ALPINE SKIERS? | ||
- | At present an estimated 1,9309000 visits are made to the Park in a year. About one third of these visits are by alpine skiers. -(About half the visits are recorded for the winter months, when about 70% of visitors are alpine. | ||
- | skiers.) | ||
- | B.. The Impact of Skiing on, and Overseas Comparisons with, Kosciusko N.Park. | ||
- | True, as far as it goes. However, only 15% of the Park is above the averaap snowline (1520 metres), and much of the snow-covered area is rolling terrain totally unsuited to alpdme skiing developmeats. Hence, the nature of the resource will set a final limit on alpine skiing( developments. Furthermore, | ||
- | 4. DOESN' | ||
- | The actual activity of snow skiing has little-impact: | ||
- | 5. IS IT NOT THE CASE THAT EXPANSION OF THE RESORTS WILL HAVE NO DELETERIOUS IMPACT ON THE PARK BECAUSE THE ENVIRONMENTS OF THE | ||
- | . . | ||
- | RESORTS HAVE ALREADY BERN SUBSTANTIALLY ALTERED BY EXISTING DEVELOPMENTS? | ||
- | The presence of the existing resorts does not provide a justification for intensive urbanisation of the snowfields. Whilst there are problems within existing resort areas, particularly with regard of water supply and seireragej these should be investigated and solved rather than made worse. There are many valuable environments, | ||
- | 6.- HEAVILY USED SKIING AREAS IN-EUROPE AND THE U.S.A. TEMAIN BEAUTIFUL. AND UNHARMED, SO HOW CAN SKIING DO ANY SIGNIFICANT HARK TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE PARK? | ||
- | Comparisons between the skiing areas of Kosciusko National Park and overseas should be made with a great deal of caution. The skiing areas of the northern hemisphere are in temperate high latitude areas receiving extensive snow falls. By comparison, the Kosciusko resorts are in the Same latitude as the African side of the Mediterranean Sea! In addition, ski held developments in Australia are all at or above the-ti.eeline, | ||
- | Page TIM SYDNEY BUSHWALKER. January, | ||
- | C- . Accommodation. | ||
- | --TriTYTAS' | ||
- | The 1974 Plan of Management recognised that future major development of tourist overnight facilities, especially of the hotel/ | ||
- | 8. WHY HAVE THE DEVELOPMENTS AT CHARLOTTE PASS VILLAGE BEEN SINGLED OUT FOR POSSIBLE REMOVAL IN YEAR 2015? | ||
- | The Charlotte Pass Village facilities are in an area of considerable | ||
- | conservation importance, with its glacial features, habitat of the endangered mountain pygmy possum and limited stands of mature snow gums. | ||
- | ' | ||
- | shagnum bogs is considerable. | ||
- | The onus is clearly on lessees to demonstrate their capacity to operate | ||
- | without further environmental damage and degradation of this fragile environment.- If they fail to do so, the option outlined In the Planning Issue Statement will be the only responsible course of action ifthe long term protoction of the-irreplaceable natural features of the area is to be guaranteed.. The -3ear 2015 is the date the Head Lease covering the developments expires. The | ||
- | investments under the lease will revert to the Crown, thus enabling decisionS td,,be made on the future use of the facilities. | ||
- | 9. WHY ISN'T THERE LOW COST ACCOMMODATION IS KOSCIUSKO NATIONAL PARK? | ||
- | "Low cost" accommodation is precluded from the National Park's snowfields by- the enormous costs, at today' | ||
- | in such an environment. It is far cheaper to build outside the Park, and it must be emphasised that only one quarter of present peak day visitors stay in | ||
- | accommodation within the Park. | ||
- | 10 WOULDMIT LARGER CARPARKS CAUSE MORE DAMAGE THAN ADDITIONAL ACCOMMODATION? | ||
- | The construction of buildings does have some detrimeiital effects, such . as rapid run-off. However, it is the provision of as-ociated services, such | ||
- | as access roads, water storage and supply and electricity reticulation, | ||
- | the impact of sewerage effluent on creeks and rivers which has the greater effect. This impact reaches well beyond the resorts themselves, spreading | ||
- | a16ng roads, sewerage and electricity lines for example: | ||
- | It will be of little value having larger carparks if the road capacity precludes any large increase in private vehicles entering the-resort areas | ||
- | during peak periods. Such an increase in capacity will require major road | ||
- | reconstruction. | ||
- | Page 8 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER January, | ||
- | D. Access. | ||
- | 11....WON' | ||
- | Accommodation within the Park won't eliminate these-prOblems. The Australian Ski Federation' | ||
- | , Holding the number of visitors entering the Park in private cars at present levels, and meeting demand with new accommodation: | ||
- | 12. WOULDN' | ||
- | There may be no practical alternative to a mass transit system. The capacity of Kosciusko Road (to Paisher, Smiggins and Guthega) and the Alpine 1Nr (to Thredbo) in fine weather is about 69000 cars or 19,000 people over | ||
- | the three hour morning " | ||
- | Preliminary estimates put the ultimate ski area capacity of the Park at about 509000 visitors. per day. If opportunities-are available for all of these visitors by 1990, some 31,000 (50, | ||
- | A possible option is to continue the current trend to a bus/carmix, with an upgradd4 bus service as demand. requires. Each bus could carry 40 personsF whilst occupying a road space equivalent to 4 cars (carrying 12.6 people). | ||
- | . If major new ski areas are opened up, mass transit-will probably be . | ||
- | essential. Investigations are continuing into the efficient and economical organisation of such a system. | ||
- | 13. WHAT ABOUT A MONORAIL, RAILWAY OR TUNNEL SYSTXM TO IMPROVE ACCESS? | ||
- | Any suck option will be carefully examined, but cost will be critical, pa-.# | ||
- | Eb New Skiine Ouortunities. | ||
- | -14: | ||
- | The Planning Issue Statement on Resort Areas indicated that the | ||
- | suitability of any other areas within the Park which may have potential for skiing development will be evaluated. If the Australian Ski Federation. clenand | + | |Estimate Basis|Increase pa|1980|1985|1990| |
- | 15. WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL OF THE EASTERN PART OF THE SNOUFIELDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEWT SKIING OPPORTUNITIES? | + | |Aust. Ski Federation (high)|22%|1, |
- | Accurate estimates are difficult to determine. | + | |N.S.W. Ski Association|18%|1, |
- | A roximate | + | |Aust. Ski Federation (low)|15%|1, |
- | Thredbo 7, | + | |Perisher Range Planning Study|12%|1, |
- | Perisher/ | + | |Kosciusko Sub-Region Study*|9%|1, |
- | Guthega 650 | + | |N.P.W.S./ |
- | Charlotte Pass 800 | + | |
- | 3,450 | + | *Planning and Environment Commission |
- | ,.._ | + | |
- | Thredbo 2, | + | 2. How many of the visitors are alpine skiers? |
- | Perisher/ | + | |
- | Guthega 550 | + | At present an estimated 1,930,000 visits are made to the Park in a year. About one third of these visits are by alpine skiers. (About half the visits are recorded for the winter months, when about 70% of visitors are alpine skiers.) |
- | Charlotte Pass 15p | + | |
- | "200 | + | __B. The Impact of Skiing on, and Overseas Comparisons with, Kosciusko N.Park.__ |
- | Bogong Creek (1 6,500 | + | |
- | Twin Valleys (3 4,500 | + | 3. Skiers occupy only 3% of the Park, don't they? |
- | Blue Cow 3,7Q0 | + | |
- | 14; | + | True, as far as it goes. However, only 15% of the Park is above the average snowline (1520 metres), and much of the snow-covered area is rolling terrain totally unsuited to alpine skiing developments. Hence, the nature of the resource will set a final limit on alpine skiing developments. Furthermore, |
- | 21000 ) visitors/ | + | |
- | 23, | + | 4. Doesn' |
- | (1) approx. 70% of these visitors are alpine skiers. . | + | |
- | (2) Dead_ Horse Gap side of Thredbo Village skiing area. | + | The actual activity of snow skiing has little impact. Nevertheless, |
+ | |||
+ | 5. Is it not the case that expansion of the resorts will have no deleterious impact on the Park because the environments of the resorts have already been substantially altered by existing development? | ||
+ | |||
+ | The presence of the existing resorts does not provide a justification for intensive urbanisation of the snowfields. Whilst there are problems within existing resort areas, particularly with regard of water supply and sewerage, these should be investigated and solved rather than made worse. There are many valuable environments, | ||
+ | |||
+ | 6. Heavily used skiing areas in Europe and the U.S.A. remain beautiful and unharmed, so how can skiing do any significant harm to the environment in the Park? | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comparisons between the skiing areas of Kosciusko National Park and overseas should be made with a great deal of caution. The skiing areas of the northern hemisphere are in temperate high latitude areas receiving extensive snow falls. By comparison, the Kosciusko resorts are in the same latitude as the African side of the Mediterranean Sea! In addition, ski field developments in Australia are all at or above the tree line, and in ecological terms are effectively far higher in the mountains than most of their overseas counterparts. There are very few examples overseas of ski resorts which are developed in environments as restricted in their continental distribution or as fragile as the alpine area of Kosciusko National Park. The international importance of the Park was officially acknowledged in January 1977, when it was designated a Biosphere Reserve under UNESCO' | ||
+ | |||
+ | __C. Accommodation.__ | ||
+ | |||
+ | 7. Why has the need to restrict accommodation suddenly appeared as an issue? | ||
+ | |||
+ | The 1974 Plan of Management recognised that future major development of tourist overnight facilities, especially of the hotel/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | 8. Why have the developments at Charlotte Pass Village been singled our for possible removal in year 2015? | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Charlotte Pass Village facilities are in an area of considerable conservation importance, with its glacial features, habitat of the endangered mountain pygmy possum and limited stands of mature snow gums. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Significant damage has occurred in the area due to the developments. Recent examples are the major oil spill of winter 1979, and the extensive soil erosion that required urgent remedial works. The effect of nutrients from sewage treatment is clearly evident in Spencers Creek. The damage to the David Moraine by electrical reticulation works, road works and snow clearing are other examples. There are indications that Spencers Creek is continuing to degrade and widen. The damaging effect of this process on the sphagnum bogs is considerable. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The onus is clearly on lessees to demonstrate their capacity to operate without further environmental damage and degradation of this fragile environment. If they fail to do so, the option outlined in the Planning Issue Statement will be the only responsible course of action if the long term protection of their replaceable natural features of the area is to be guaranteed. The year 2015 is the date the Head Lease covering the developments expires. The investments under the lease will revert to the Crown, thus enabling decisions to be made on the future use of the facilities. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 9. Why isn't there low cost accommodation in Kosciusko National Park? | ||
+ | |||
+ | "Low cost" accommodation is precluded from the National Park's snowfields by the enormous costs, at today' | ||
+ | |||
+ | 10. Wouldn' | ||
+ | |||
+ | The construction of buildings does have some detrimental effects, such as rapid run-off. However, it is the provision of associated services, such as access roads, water storage and supply and electricity reticulation, | ||
+ | |||
+ | __D. Access.__ | ||
+ | |||
+ | 11. Won't the daily road journey to and from the resorts be both lengthened by inevitable delays and dangerous in bad weather if limits are put on the amount of accommodation within the park? | ||
+ | |||
+ | Accommodation within the Park won't eliminate these problems. The Australian Ski Federation' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Holding the number of visitors entering the Park in private cars at present levels, and meeting demand with new accommodation within the Park, would result in an increase in beds from a little over 6,000 to well over 50,000 within the next 10 years. Fifty thousand beds represent about five towns with the population of Cooma, or two towns the size of Queanbeyan or Goulburn within the snowfields of Kosciusko National Park! | ||
+ | |||
+ | 12. Wouldn' | ||
+ | |||
+ | There may be no practical alternative to a mass transit system. The capacity of Kosciusko Road (to Perisher, Smiggins and Guthega) and the Alpine Rd (to Thredbo) in fine weather is about 6,000 cars or 19,000 people over the three hour morning " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Preliminary estimates put the ultimate ski area capacity of the Park at about 50,000 visitors per day. If opportunities are available for all of these visitors by 1990, some 31,000 (50, | ||
+ | |||
+ | A possible option is to continue the current trend to a bus/car mix, with an upgraded bus service as demand requires. Each bus could carry 40 persons whilst occupying a road space equivalent to 4 cars (carrying 12.6 people). | ||
+ | |||
+ | If major new ski areas are opened up, mass transit will probably be essential. Investigations are continuing into the efficient and economical organisation of such a system. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 13. What about a monorail, railway or tunnel system to improve access? | ||
+ | |||
+ | Any such option will be carefully examined, but cost will be critical, particularly if an investment has to be recouped over the normal 10-16 week skiing season. Mass transit systems are unlikely to be essential outside off peak use periods. | ||
+ | |||
+ | __E. New Skiing Opportunities.__ | ||
+ | |||
+ | 14. Should not new resort areas be development to ease pressure on existing resorts and to help eliminate overcrowding? | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Planning Issue Statement on Resort Areas indicated that the suitability of any other areas within the Park which may have potential for skiing development will be evaluated. If the Australian Ski Federation estimates are correct these areas will be needed by 1982; if the high demand estimate is correct the areas will be needed by 1984. It is possible | ||
+ | |||
+ | 15. What is the potential of the eastern part of the snowfields for the development of new skiing opportunities? | ||
+ | |||
+ | Accurate estimates are difficult to determine. | ||
+ | |||
+ | __An approximate | ||
+ | |||
+ | |a. __Existing__|Thredbo|7,500| | ||
+ | | |Perisher/ | ||
+ | | |Guthega|650| | ||
+ | | |Charlotte Pass|800| | ||
+ | | | |__23,450__| | ||
+ | |b. __Infill of Existing Areas__|Thredbo|2,500| | ||
+ | | |Perisher/ | ||
+ | | |Guthega|550| | ||
+ | | |Charlotte Pass|150| | ||
+ | | | |__6,200__| | ||
+ | |c. __Possible New Areas__|Bogong Creek (2)|6,500| | ||
+ | | |Twin Valleys (3)|4,500| | ||
+ | | |Blue Cow|3,700| | ||
+ | | | |__14, | ||
+ | | | Total|__44, | ||
+ | |ski areas served by|the Alpine Way|21, | ||
+ | |ski areas served by|Kosciusko Road (Main Road 286|23, | ||
+ | |||
+ | (1) approx. 70% of these visitors are alpine skiers. | ||
+ | |||
+ | (2) Dead Horse Gap side of Thredbo Village skiing area. | ||
(3) This is one of several possible sites for a development on the Ramshead Range. | (3) This is one of several possible sites for a development on the Ramshead Range. | ||
- | The Legal of Plannina | ||
- | ITOW DOES-THE-LAW-OF THE' | ||
- | The main legal requirements are contained in the National Parks and Wildlife Act .1974, Clean Waters Act 1970 and the Environmental.Planning, | ||
- | Assessment .Act 1979. | ||
- | a. | ||
- | b. Inf ill of Existing Areas | ||
- | c. Possible New Areas .r ....... | ||
- | , | ||
- | I.e. Ski areas served by the Alpine Way | ||
- | It 11 U" | ||
- | (Main Road 286) | ||
- | (1) N.SW. National Parks and Wildlife Act 1 74. | + | __F. The Legal Requirements |
- | (a) Se& | + | |
- | (b) Section 72(4) requires that in the preparation of a plan of manage- | + | |
- | ment the following Objectives will have to be taken into account: | + | |
- | The conservation | + | |
- | The preservation of a national park and the protection of its special features. | + | |
- | The prevention of any works that adversely affect the natural | + | |
- | condition and special features of a national park. | + | |
- | The preservation of any historic structure or object or any relic or Aboriginal place in a national park. | + | |
- | The aptii' | + | |
- | or occupants. | + | |
- | The preservation of a national park as a catchment area. | + | |
- | The protection of a national park against fire and erosion. | + | |
- | The setting apart of wilderness areas. | + | |
- | The encouragement and regulation of the appropriate use, understanding and enjoyment of a national park. | + | |
- | (2) Clean Waters Act 1970. | + | |
- | (a)-CIaggifioation-cif-Waters. The State Pollution Control Commission proposed7-by advertisement in the national press, to classify the waters within Kosciusko -National Park. Public submissions closed on 25th May 1979 | + | |
- | is proposed to classify the waters below resort areas as either Protected. Waters (P) or Controlled Waters (C). This will require any effluent from resort delclopments to comply with the standards set in.the,Act. Standards will be imposed on allowable pollutants. (Sections 11, 12, 13). | + | |
- | (b) Licensing. Vhen issuing a license for a sewerage works the State Pollution ControlCOmmission must take.into account the possible extent of the pollution of any watersand the classification of these waters (Section 20(0 | + | |
- | - (c) Discharge into Classified Waters. Nutrients are not to be discharged from, the resorts.if.they.cause excessive plant growth in the water of the rec' | + | |
- | - of a9 parts of fresh water to 1 part effluent. | + | |
- | CO Environmental | + | |
- | r Thie-ACt" | + | |
- | at Environmental Impact Statement be prepared for works sudh as resort devel, opments (Section 112). The Environmental Impact Statem ent must take into account a number of factors. Of particular importance to resort developments are those referring to pollution, waste disposal, demands on natural resources (e.g. water), and cumulative effects. | + | |
- | The Act also requires public exhibition of Environmental Impact State.r, ments, and allows for Commissions of Inquiry to analyse-cOntentious issues. The Service is subject to the Land and Environment Court in all matters relating to this and the Clean Waters Act. | + | |
- | Page 11 TEE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER January, | + | |
- | - . | + | |
- | ';' | + | |
- | 17.- WHY DO SZTERA.GE -EPFLUENT2 PROBLEMS CAUSE SO 111.1.9H-COU-ERTIWD COADEENT? | + | |
- | . The basic problem is that the ski resorts, unlik' | + | |
- | counterparts, | + | |
- | and. Smiggin Holes and somevir.b.aVODetter; | + | |
- | a. larger catchment) . 4. ; | + | |
- | . . | + | |
- | Strict standards for treatehi-effluent-li, | + | |
- | of Classified Waters proposed. for the ,: | + | |
- | ments at Per1, | + | |
- | 18. WHAT EACTIG" | + | |
- | , None of the existing resort areas has an adequate vrate# storage and | + | |
- | supply capacityii. ...3; | + | |
- | considerable inv.gsUgatibn and, | + | |
- | 19. IF WATER IS A CONSTR, | + | |
- | A day v;sitor. uses far less water and Produces far less .sewage than an overnight ;: | + | |
- | as every overnight: | + | |
- | G. Water Supply and Sewerage. | + | |
- | use rather thiIi overnight adcommodation will allow fE,...r more people to use the same facil' | + | |
- | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | + | |
- | WALKS PROGRATIM: | + | 16. How does the law of the State of N.S.W. affect planning for resort developments within Kosciusko National Park? |
- | ' | + | |
- | LEADER: DAIiii) INGREI. Contact Leader in Clubroom on Wednesday/ 18th February. | + | |
- | XXXXXXXXXX | + | |
- | eastvvood | + | |
- | camping | + | |
- | ce | + | |
- | ICAMPING EQUIPMENT Large Tents Stoves | + | |
- | BUSHVVALKERS | + | |
- | ILightweight Tents Sleeping Bags Rucksacks | + | |
- | DISTRIBUTORS OF: | + | |
- | Paddymade | + | |
- | Proprietors: | + | |
- | EASTWOOD CANVAS GOODS & CAMPING SUPPLIES 3 Tr e;awney St Lastwood NSW 2122 Phone: 858 2775 | + | |
- | Rutledge Street | + | |
- | Rowe Street | + | |
+ | The __main__ legal requirements are contained in the __National Parks and Wildlife Act__ 1974, __Clean Waters Act__ 1970 and the __Environmental Planning and Assessment Act__ 1979. | ||
- | "Stop Press" by Anon. | + | (1) __N.S.W. National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974__. |
+ | a) Section 81(4) requiresthat any developments proposed for a park have to be in accordance with its plan of management. | ||
- | It was revealed today that an important new coal deposit has been found in Kangaroo Valley. A spokesperson for the owners of the land on which it wad discovered, The Sydney Belly Worshippers, | + | (b) Section 72(4) requires that in the preparation of a plan of management the following Objectives will have to be taken into account: |
+ | |||
+ | * The conservation of wildlife. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * The preservation of a national park and the protection of its special features. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * The prevention of any works that adversely affect the natural condition and special features of a national park. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * The preservation of any historic structure or object or any relic or Aboriginal place in a national park. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * The appropriate use of a national park by lessees and licensees or occupants. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * The preservation of a national park as a catchment area. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * The protection of a national park against fire and erosion. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * The setting apart of wilderness areas. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * The encouragement and regulation of the appropriate use, understanding and enjoyment of a national park. | ||
+ | |||
+ | (2) __Clean Waters Act 1970__. | ||
+ | |||
+ | (a) __Classification of Waters__. The State Pollution Control Commission proposed by advertisement in the national press, to classify the waters within Kosciusko National Park. Public submissions closed on 25th May 1979. It is proposed to classify the waters below resort areas as either Protected Waters (P) or Controlled Waters (C). This will require any effluent from resort developments to comply with the standards set in the Act. Standards will be imposed on allowable pollutants. (Sections 11, 12, 13). | ||
+ | |||
+ | (b) Licensing. When issuing a license for a sewerage works the State Pollution Control Commission must take into account the possible extent of the pollution of any waters and the classification of these waters (Section 20(6)). | ||
+ | |||
+ | ( c ) Discharge into Classified Waters. Nutrients are not to be discharged from the resorts if they cause excessive plant growth in the water of the receiving streams. Unless otherwise determined, there has to be a dilution of 19 parts of fresh water to 1 part effluent. | ||
+ | |||
+ | (3) __Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979__. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Act binds the National Parks and Wildlife Service and requires that an Environmental Impact Statement be prepared for works such as resort developments (Section 112). The Environmental Impact Statement must take into account a number of factors. Of particular importance to resort developments are those referring to pollution, waste disposal, demands on natural resources (e.g. water), and cumulative effects. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Act also requires public exhibition of Environmental Impact Statements, and allows for Commissions of Inquiry to analyse contentious issues. The Service is subject to the Land and Environment Court in all matters relating to this and the __Clean Waters Act__. | ||
+ | |||
+ | __G. Water supply and Sewerage.__ | ||
+ | |||
+ | 17. Why do sewerage effluent problems cause so much concern and comment? | ||
+ | |||
+ | The basic problem is that the ski resorts, unlike their overseas counterparts, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Strict standards for treated effluent are required for the category of Classified Waters proposed for the resort areas (see 16(2)). It appears that the 19:1 dilution requirement cannot be met even for existing developments at Perisher Valley, Smiggin Holes and Charlotte Pass. The position at Thredbo is marginal. The State Pollution Control Commission is studying the problem with a view to amending sewerage plant licenses or imposing new standards to ensure classification requirements are met. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 18. What effect do water supply problems have on planning new areas? | ||
+ | |||
+ | None of the existing resort areas has an adequate water storage and supply capacity. The resorts high in water catchments will require considerable investigation and expenditure of funds on water supply and storage to bring storage capacity supply up to acceptable municipal standards. The answers may not be easily found, and beg questions of the scale of technological interventions appropriate for a national park and international biosphere reserve. The Problem is not so critical at Guthega or Thredbo. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 19. If water is a constraint, how does this affect planning options? | ||
+ | |||
+ | A day visitor uses far less water and produces far less sewage than an overnight visitor. The current design criteria for sewerage works indicates that five day visitors produce the same load on these services as every overnight visitor. Recent studies in the Park have suggested that the actual ratio may be nearer to 20 to 1. Hence, planning for day use rather than overnight accommodation will allow for more people to use the same facilities within the Park. | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Walks Programme: Amendment.===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Sunday, 22nd February, 1981.__ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Waterfall - Kingfisher Pool - Morella Karong - Heathcote: Train 840 C. Map: Campbelltown. 14km. Easy. Leader: David Ingram. Contact Leader in Clubroom on Wednesday 18th February. | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====" | ||
+ | |||
+ | by Anon. [Dot Butler] | ||
+ | |||
+ | It was revealed today that an important new coal deposit has been found in Kangaroo Valley. A spokesperson for the owners of the land on which it wad discovered, The Sydney Belly Worshippers, | ||
The purchase was considered a bargain when it was made and is said to be somewhere between the Kangaroo River and the Mt. Scanzi Road. | The purchase was considered a bargain when it was made and is said to be somewhere between the Kangaroo River and the Mt. Scanzi Road. | ||
Line 277: | Line 295: | ||
"Once the Committee decides to buy the land a new decent hut will be built on it," the spokesperson said. "They will be most gratified to know that they have built in coal." The site is some distance from popular walking areas and public transport, but this was not seen as a problem. "Once they realise what a boon a property with coal on it is," said the spokesperson, | "Once the Committee decides to buy the land a new decent hut will be built on it," the spokesperson said. "They will be most gratified to know that they have built in coal." The site is some distance from popular walking areas and public transport, but this was not seen as a problem. "Once they realise what a boon a property with coal on it is," said the spokesperson, | ||
- | The spokesperson pointed out that the design of the new hut will be altered by the existence of coal on the property. "It will be steam-heated from the 50 megawatt boiler we will install," | + | The spokesperson pointed out that the design of the new hut will be altered by the existence of coal on the property. "It will be steam-heated from the 50 megawatt boiler we will install," |
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | __New phone number__ - Check Walks Programme! | ||
- | NEW PHONE NUMBER - Check Walks Programmel' | ||
Len Newland may now be contacted on Tel. 232,1252 (B). | Len Newland may now be contacted on Tel. 232,1252 (B). | ||
- | + | ======The Flowers of Srinagar Part IV.====== | |
- | ====== The Flowers of Srinagar Part IV. ====== | + | |
by Bill Gillam. | by Bill Gillam. | ||
- | Depth of field of a lens is a direct variable of the size of the lens opening - it will vary in the way marked: on the lens barrel not whether it was made in Germany or Japan. All modern compound lenses | + | Depth of field of a lens is a direct variable of the size of the lens opening - it will vary in the way marked on the lens barrel not whether it was made in Germany or Japan. All modern compound lenses |
- | A 50 mom. lens is normally supplied with the camera as the standa-rd ,lens. It covers an angle of view roughly equivalent' | + | |
- | and white, of enlarging, cropping and re-touching, | + | |
- | lenses and high speed colour film. Contemporary photograbhic criticisms and exhibition (as a parallel to ART exhibition and criticism) is restricted tO " | + | |
- | Interchangeable lenses offer a way of creative seeing. By a second-hand camera, two additional lenses and a close-up set one can eetplorp an infinite range of vision. Second-hand cameras with built-in light meter sell for around $1009 a zoom lens a bit more, a 28 mom. lens a bit less, and close-up sets next to nothing. Add later a teleconverter for $30. About $300 f.s still not much more than 5o$ of a basic new camera and restrictive standard lens. Any camera is just a black box - it is the lens that shows you the world. The added weight of all the lenses is around onekilogram. | + | |
- | Leave the tent at home and sleep under a log if it rains. | + | |
- | 'Mat do these lenses do. First the zoom. Regarded as an aid to | + | |
- | focussing and composing rather than " | + | |
- | of a scene can be isolated, the intrusion of the sky aimirished and the " | + | |
- | pensable. A short focal length lens, 28 mm is ideal, gives an incredible depth of field - at f 16 with object at 1.5 metres to infinity - the major | + | |
- | penalty is that the ultimate image encompasses more than any eye cauld ever | + | |
- | see in such detail. Good slides from a 28 mm are astonishingly successful. | + | |
+ | A 50 m.m. lens is normally supplied with the camera as the standard lens. It covers an angle of view roughly equivalent to normal forward vision. It is a generally useful bland compromise giving restricted visual effects. It will focus to 0.5 metres at which distance a page of this magazine just fills the frame. Far too big for wild flower studies. Pointed at a landscape all but the most prominent features flatten out leaving the centre of interest framed with a devastatingly blue sky occupying 20% of the frame. These limitations are, I think, responsible for most of our disappointments in photography. Photographic lore has come to us through camera clubs still obsessed with the darkroom techniques of black and white, of enlarging, cropping and re-touching, | ||
- | Close-up sets screw onto the front of a lens, with stepping rings onto any lens - the main lens is set to infinity | + | Interchangeable lenses offer a way of creative seeing. By buying |
- | in the frame. They have two major short comings | + | |
- | Oxtremely shallow, from 2 to 10 mm depending on the number of -lenses used, | + | |
- | So that focussing, moving the canera in and out, is only half this magnitude, 1 to 5 mm to gain clear focus. Add these limitations to that of delicate' | + | |
- | flowers nodding on slender stems. Brilliance of the slide is increased Since the light rays have travelled through less atmothere and the pervasive blueness of distance is not a factor. | + | |
- | Compared to the chemistry of colour film the physics of lenses are simple. All brands of colour film are three sensitive layers | + | |
- | All these variations in aim behaviour are beyond our control at the moment | + | |
+ | What do these lenses do. First the zoom. Regarded as an aid to focussing and composing rather than " | ||
+ | Close-up sets screw onto the front of a lens, with stepping rings onto any lens - the main lens is set to infinity and the whole system moved in and out to achieve focus. The lenses in a set, usually three, are additive; they can be screwed onto each other until the image is of acceptable size in the frame. They have two major short comings - the depth of field is extremely shallow, from 2 to 10 mm depending on the number of lenses used, so that focussing, moving the camera in and out, is only half this magnitude, 1 to 5 mm to gain clear focus. Add these limitations to that of delicate flowers nodding on slender stems. Brilliance of the slide is increased since the light rays have travelled through less atmosphere and the pervasive blueness of distance is not a factor. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Compared to the chemistry of colour film the physics of lenses are simple. All brands of colour film are three sensitive layers of emulsion on a backing. Each layer is sensitive to one colour alone - magenta, cyan and green/blue. Green/blue is generally the least successfully formulated and in addition has the most variable sensitivity to our eyes. Fresh colour film of different brands, even if all daylight type, will have inherently different response to these colours, a deliberate-choice of the manufacturer. Kodachrame seems to have saturated blues at the expense of magenta, Agfa gives de-saturated reds and browns and its blue is unpredictable. Ektachrome gives good saturation across the spectrum; specifically Ektachrome " | ||
+ | |||
+ | All these variations in film behaviour are beyond our control at the moment of making an exposure. Experiment with all the brands is needed to find one which suits your own visual perception. Or you can use colour filters - but that is beyond this introduction. Colour printing, in which the use of filters is obligatory, can alter the colour balance dramatically. Picture books, the medium in which we see most work by " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Sleeping Bag Covers.==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Coolana Fund.__ | ||
- | **SLEEPING BAG COVERS**\\ | ||
- | COOLANA FUND | ||
If you wish to have a cover for your new " | If you wish to have a cover for your new " | ||
+ | |||
The covers are normal size, in standard light weight nylon. Cost $2.25. All proceeds go towards Coolana' | The covers are normal size, in standard light weight nylon. Cost $2.25. All proceeds go towards Coolana' | ||
- | ====== Social Notes for February ====== | + | ======Social Notes for February.====== |
by Peter Miller | by Peter Miller | ||
- | February 18: OUTWARD BOUND FILM\\ | + | ====Wednesday, |
- | The film covers the activities of the Outward Bound movement. Groups are shown participating in rock climbing, bushwalking, | + | |
+ | __Outwrd Bound film__. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The film covers the activities of the Outward Bound movement. Groups are shown participating in rock climbing, bushwalking, | ||
+ | |||
+ | DinnerR | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Wednesday, | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Kosciusko Huts Association film__. | ||
- | Wednesday, February 25: KOSCIUSKO HUTS ASSOCIATION FILM.\\ | ||
The film is about the work of the Kosciusko Huts Association and their efforts to preserve the huts which we use in the Snowy area. | The film is about the work of the Kosciusko Huts Association and their efforts to preserve the huts which we use in the Snowy area. | ||
- | Visit the SYDNEY OBSERVATORY | + | ---- |
- | Time - 7.30 pm. Book NOW with Peter Miller, Tel. 95,2689 as there is a limit of thirty people, children welcome. | + | |
+ | Visit the Sydney Observatory | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | Next month.... | ||
- | NEXT MONTH ...... | ||
Report on the Kangaroo Valley Bush Fire and the effect on Coolana. | Report on the Kangaroo Valley Bush Fire and the effect on Coolana. |
198101.txt · Last modified: 2016/03/18 15:47 by tyreless