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-ETTREMA CREEK SEARCH AND RESCUE PRACTICE.
+=====Ettrema Creek Search And Rescue Practice.=====
-BY Peter Miller.
-It was late when three weary Sydney Bushwalkers finally put their heads down to sleep at Quiera Clearing. Greta Davis had driven Ian Wolfe and myself safely down from Sydney and with cofrugated roads and patches of fog it had been a long, slow trip.
+By Peter Miller.
-Filled with a righteous passion for participating in a practice Search and Rescue weekend we joined about 30 other walkers on Saturday morning to be given a search area, a lecture on using the two-way radio and the radio. It was a cumbersome, weighty device which bore no
-resemblance to Dick Tracy's wrist radio. We were given the task of searching Gallows Gully
+It was late when three weary Sydney Bushwalkers finally put their heads down to sleep at Quiera Clearing. Greta Davis had driven Ian Wolfe and myself safely down from Sydney and with corrugated roads and patches of fog it had been a long, slow trip.
-and part of Ettrema Creek so, in brilliant sunshine, we set off.
-Gallows Gully varies from steep to very steep to almost impassable. The going was very
+Filled with a righteous passion for participating in a practice Search and Rescue weekend we joined about 30 other walkers on Saturday morning to be given a search area, a lecture on using the two-way radio and the radio. It was a cumbersome, weighty device which bore no resemblance to Dick Tracy's wrist radio. We were given the task of searching Gallows Gully and part of Ettrema Creek so, in brilliant sunshine, we set off.
-slow and by lunchtime we arrived at the top of a sheer waterfall only about half a kilometre
-from Ettrema Creek. Ian, our leader, went off and found a way around the waterfall while we
+Gallows Gully varies from steep to very steep to almost impassable. The going was very slow and by lunchtime we arrived at the top of a sheer waterfall only about half a kilometre from Ettrema Creek. Ian, our leader, went off and found a way around the waterfall while we started lunch. With hardly room to sit down and sheer cliff faces all round, Quiera Clearing seemed a haven of peace and contentment - why had we left it? However duty called and Ian found a way past the waterfall. It was a tricky route covered with loose rocks waiting to roll down and crush some hapless walker. By sticking close together we got down safely and thankfully set foot on the level boulders in Ettrema Creek.
-started lunch. With hardly room to sit down and sheer cliff faces all round, Quiera Clearing
-seemed a haven of peace and contentment - why had we left it? However duty called and Ian
+We kept in radio contact with base all day but found no sign of the lost party. After searching the lower end of Jones Creek we continued to the campsite at the junction of Myal and Ettrema Creeks.
-found a way past the waterfall. It was a tricky route covered with loose rocks waiting to roll
-down and crush some hapless walker. By sticking close together we got down safely and thankfully set foot on the level boulders in Ettrema Creek.
+On Sunday we had a choice of going back up Myal Creek or climbing up to Jingles Pass. We chose the pass as Myal Creek has some tricky climbs and we were tired of walking over boulders. The pass is 400 metres up from Ettrema Creek and is steep but not dangerous. Greta had a slight mishap getting tangled with a sapling stuck in her clothes while her feet dangled in mid air. Ian and I extricated her from this very uncomfortable position and an interesting discussion ensued on how Greta would have rescued herself unaided.
-We kept in radio contact with base all day but found no sign of the lost party. After
-searching the lower end of Jones Creek we continued to the campsite at the junction of Myal and Ettrema Creeks.
-On Sunday we had a choice of going back up Myal Creek or climbing up to Jingles Pass.
-We chose the pass as Myal Creek has some tricky climbs and we were tired of walking over boulders. The pass is 400 metres up from Ettrema Creek and is steep but not dangerous. Greta had a slight mishap getting tangled with a sapling stuck in her clothes while her feet dangled in mid air. Ian and I extricated her from this very uncomfortable position and an interesting discussion ensued on how Greta would have rescued herself unaided.
 We gathered at the site of the cliff rescue to see a stretcher hauled up a sheer cliff by a party of muscular walkers. All that remained was an easy stroll back to base for a de-briefing and then the long drive back to Sydney.
-It was an interesting weekend and more of us should attend search and rescue practices. It is comforting to know that if the worst should happen and walkers are injured or lost a team of trained and dedicated Federation members are ready to get them out of trouble. As the
-largest and oldest club in Sydney we should be prepared to support the good work of the Search
+It was an interesting weekend and more of us should attend search and rescue practices. It is comforting to know that if the worst should happen and walkers are injured or lost a team of trained and dedicated Federation members are ready to get them out of trouble. As the largest and oldest club in Sydney we should be prepared to support the good work of the Search and Rescue team.
-and Rescue team. * * * * * * * * *
-WANTE D.
+----
-HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHS
-by the EDitor of the S.B.W. 60th Anniversary Historical Book
+====Wanted - Historical Photographs.====
+By the Editor of the S.B.W. 60th Anniversary Historical Book.
 We have a good selection from 1927 to 1947, but need a couple of photos of the concerts. We need photos of people in distinctive club situations, not just general scenery, from 1947 to 1987.
 Please ring Ainslie Morris on 428-3178 if you think you have any gems hidden away.
-********
-THEATRE NOTICE.
+----
-"LES MISERABLES".
-Theatre The Theatre Royal
+====Theatre Notice - "Les Miserables".====
-Date Monday, 14th March, 1988
-Party Concession - $36 (Normal price $39)
+Theatre: The Theatre Royal. Date: Monday, 14th March, 1988. Party Concession - $36 (Normal price $39).
-The Theatre Royal requires payment by September 26th. PLease send
-your ticket money to me before this date. FAZELEY READ - 909,3671
+The Theatre Royal requires payment by September 26th. PLease send your ticket money to me before this date.
-/118 Ben Boyd Road, Neutral Bay. 2089.
-July, 1987 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER Page 3
+Fazeley Read - 909,3671. 15/118 Ben Boyd Road, Neutral Bay. 2089.
-HILLTOP TO KATOOMBA VIA BIMLOW TABLELAND.
-A FIVE DAY EASTER WALK.
+----
+=====Hilltop To Katoomba Via Bimlow Tableland. A Five Day Easter Walk.=====
 BY Fazeley Read.
 The reason I don't write up trips is that I'm never entirely sure where we went, when it is all over, so this may not exactly be the walkers' companion guide from Hilltop to Katoomba.
-The 5.35 pm train trip was a relaxing way to avoid Easter traffic on Thursday night. Two hours later we were met by Bob and Jeff Niven whose table top truck transported us to Hilltop, some twenty kilometres distance - a breezy trip. A fading Easter moon provided
-sufficient light for a two-hour walk to our first campsite on the Nattai River. As was the
+The 5.35 pm train trip was a relaxing way to avoid Easter traffic on Thursday night. Two hours later we were met by Bob and Jeff Niven whose table top truck transported us to Hilltop, some twenty kilometres distance - a breezy trip. A fading Easter moon provided sufficient light for a two-hour walk to our first campsite on the Nattai River. As was the pattern for the next four mornings, Bob Niven rose pre-dawn and noiselessly lit the fire - a most considerate fire lighter. This enabled us to begin walking at about seven o'clock each morning, and make camp around four o'clock in the afternoon.
-pattern for the next four mornings, Bob Niven rose pre-dawn and noiselessly lit the fire - a
-most considerate fire lighter. This enabled us to begin walking at about seven o'clock each
+Humidity caused Friday's walking to be an enervating business. Bill's earlier reconnoitre trips provided us with an easier route over Belloon Pass, avoiding most of Travis Gully. We wandered along open countryside, popular with kangaroos, mostly along fire trails where we enjoyed clear views to the south up the Wollondilly Valley to Bonnum Pic. The campsite that night on the bank of the Tonalli River was excellent, as promised - plenty of space to park away from snoring and other nocturnal noises.
-morning, and make camp around four o'clock in the afternoon.
-Humidity caused Friday's walking to be an enervating business. Bill's earlier reconnoitre
+The following day, Saturday, we climbed through a pass to the Tonalli Tableland, about five hundred metres or so. On an insignificant stone, one of thousands on the Tableland, we were surprised to see the date 1939 and the initials A.H. and W.H. engraved as if by a professional stonemason with time to spare. What was their story, we wondered. After a wet lunch at Bob Higgins Creek we headed down into the gloomy depths of Lacy's Creek, made even gloomier by heavy rain, slippery rocks and logs, and bloodthirsty leeches thrown in for good measure. For recently arrived Ruth, this was a first encounter with these creatures, but she took it with the aplomb one might expect of a Kiwi. (She did say she would rather have any number of N.Z. sandflies, however.)
-trips provided us with an easier route over Belloon Pass, avoiding most of Travis Gully. We
-wandered along open countryside, popular with kangaroos, mostly along fire trails where we
+Round the corner from The Prow, at about four o'clock, Bill declared a halt. Life seemed much more cheerful for the donning of thermal underwear and woollen jumpers. With the warmth of a substantial fire and a hot drink in your hand, you could even grow to like Lacy's Creek. Rain eased so that we could eat in comfort, but it soon began again, rather relentlessly. What better sound is there than rain on a faithful fly sheet?
-enjoyed clear views to the south up the Wollondilly Valley to Bonnum Pic. The campsite that
-night on the bank of the Tonalli River was excellent, as promised - plenty of space to park away from snoring and other nocturnal noises.
+The third day, Sunday, dawned with a clear blue sky. We continued along a kinder Lacy's Creek for about three hours before climbing up to the Bimlow Tableland. After some pack passing and rock scrambling (nothing death defying) we were pleased to see familiar territory - Green Wattle Creek, Broken Rock Range and beyond to an almost imperceptible Katoomba. Quite a distance for the next two days, I thought. Having carried water, we were able to enjoy a high camp. After darkness the lights of Katoomba lit up the northern horizon while in the east there was the glow of a distant Sydney.
-The following day, Saturday, we climbed through a pass to the Tonalli Tableland, about five hundred metres or so. On an insignificant stone, one of thousands on the Tableland, we
-were surprised to see the date 1939 and the initials A.H. and W.H. engraved as if by a
+The fourth day, Monday, we crossed Green Wattle Creek and climbed to the Broken Rock Range. Bob Milne, who wishes to preserve his knees for later life, remained mostly at the back of the party, a stout, Grim-Reaper-style stick in hand. While descending a steep ridge from Broken Rock Range, Chris fell, injuring her ankle which immediately became swollen and painful. By dividing pack loads, and with a wonderful effort on Chris's part, we made slow progress to Butcher's Creek. It was obvious that Chris would not be able to complete the trip.
-professional stonemason with time to spare. What was their story, we wondered. After a wet
-lunch at Bob Higgins Creek we headed down into the gloomy depths of Lacy's Creek, made even gloomier by heavy rain, slippery rocks and logs, and bloodthirsty leeches thrown in for good
+We made ourselves comfortable for the night around a fire. Bob Niven, a man of action, tossed on a few sticks, knocking over Bob Milne's billy of apples - a common enough occurrence. Then he threw in a branch upon which Bill's brown nylon socks were innocently draped. Well, how's a man to see those in the dark? It took Bill a while to realize that the shrivelled objects being consumed in flames were his beloved socks. Well, Bill - life's like that sometimes! Bob's son, Jeff, said that, generally speaking, we had been let off lightly this trip!
-measure. For recently arrived Ruth, this was a first encounter with these creatures, but she
-took it with the aplomb one might expect of a Kiwi. (She did say she would rather have any
+The next morning, Tuesday, we rose earlier, knowing that we had a long day ahead of us. Team effort brought a hobbling Chris to the Old Cedar Road, Scott's Main Range Road, the steep Mt. Cookem descent to Cox's River, then on past the Kowmung/Cox's confluence to the beginning of the White Dog Fire Trail. Bill had already gone ahead to Carlons Farm where he hoped to arrange transport for Chris. Wayne and Chris continued slowly while the rest of the party made a dash for the 8.10 pm train from Katoomba.
-number of N.Z. sandflies, however.)
-Round the corner from The Prow, at about four o'clock, Bill declared a halt. Life seemed
-much more cheerful for the donning of thermal underwear and woollen jumpers. With the warmth
-of a substantial fire and a hot drink in your hand, you could even grow to like Lacy's Creek. Rain eased so that we could eat in comfort, but it soon began again, rather relentlessly. What better sound is there than rain on a faithful fly sheet?
-The third day, Sunday, dawned with a clear blue sky. We continued along a kinder Lacy's
-Creek for about three hours before climbing up to the Bimlow Tableland. After some pack passing
-and rock scrambling (nothing death defying) we were pleased to see familiar territory - Green
-Wattle Creek, Broken Rock Range and beyond to an almost imperceptible Katoomba. Quite a
-distance for the rkpre.two days, I thought. Having carried water, we were able to enjoy a high
-camp. After darkness the lights of Katoomba lit up the northern horizon while in the east
-there was the glow of a distant Sydney.
-The fourth day, Monday, we crossed Green Wattle Creek and climbed to the Broken Rock Range. Bob Milne, who wishes to preserve his knees for later life, remained mostly at the back of the
-party, a stout, Grim-Reaper-style stick in hand. While descending a steep ridge from Broken
-Rock Range, Chris fell, injuring her ankle which immediately became swollen and painful. By
-dividing pack loads, and with a wonderful effort on Chris's part, we made slow progress to
-BUtcher's Creek. It was obvious that Chris would not be able to complete the trip.
-We made ourselves comfortable for the night around a fire. Bob Niven, a man of action,
-tossed on a few sticks, knocking over Bob Milne's billy of apples - a common enough occurrence.
-Then he threw in a branch upon which Bill's brown nylon socks were innocently draped. Well,
-how's a man to see those in the dark? It took Bill a while to realize that the shrivelled
-objects being consumed in flames were his beloved socks. Well, Bill - life's like that some-
-times! Bob's son, Jeff, said that, generally speaking, we had been let off lightly this trip!
-Page 4 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER July, 1987
-The next morning, Tuesday, we rose earlier, knowing that we had a long day ahead of us. Team effort brought a hobbling Chris to the Old Cedar Road, Scott's Main Range Road, the steep Mt. Cookem descent to Cox's River, then on past the Kowmung/Cox's confluence to the beginning
-of the White Dog Fire Trail. Bill had already gone ahead to Canons Farm where he hoped to
-arrange transport for Chris. Wayne and Chris continued slowly while the rest of the party made a dash for the 8.10 pm train from Katoomba.
 The haul up White Dog, the thirteen kilometre scuffle along Narrow Neck in chilly darkness, and the final fling through Katoomba streets were tough going, but, weary and scratched, we made it to the station in time. Chris, Wayne and Bill caught an earlier train from Blackheath.
 So, in split fashion, an excellent walk was ended and thanks go to Bill for his organization and navigation. We all hope Chris will soon be out walking again.
-PARTY: Bill Capon (leader), Wayne Steele, Christine Scott, Jeff Niven, Janet Waterhouse, Bob Milne, Ruth Hesslyn, Bob Niven, Fazeley Read.
-* * * * * * * * * *
+Party: Bill Capon (leader), Wayne Steele, Christine Scott, Jeff Niven, Janet Waterhouse, Bob Milne, Ruth Hesslyn, Bob Niven, Fazeley Read.
-)t;-
-.
+----
-'L--A---"-
-..% mac
+====Play The Harmonica.====
-WHAT BETTER WAY TO HARMONISE THE PLEASURE OF NATURE, MUSIC AND TRAVEL
-A COURSE FOR BEGINNERS STARTS SOON. PLAY FOLK, BLUES AND ROCK WHILE LEARNING THE BASICS ON THE WORLD'S MOST PORTABLE INSTRUMENT.
+What better way to harmoonise the pleasure of nature, music and travel.
-THE LESSONS ARE IN SMALL GROUPS AND ALLOW YOU TO LEARN AT YOUR OWN PACE.
-ALSO: ADVANCED CLASSES IN BLUES HARP AND CHROMATIC HARMONICA
+A course for  beginners starts soon. Play Folk, Blues and Rock while learning the basics on the world's most portable instrument. The lessons are in small groups and allow for learning at your own pace.
-AND A NEW COURSE: EURYTHMICS: CLASSES FEATURING EXERCISES TO INCREASE YOUR NATURAL SENSE OF RHYTHM AND DEVELOP BASIC MUSICAL SKILLS BY PLAYING LATIN, ROCK AND BLACK RHYTHMS.
-ALL CLASSES GO FOR 10 WEEKS. THEY ARE SUITABLE FOR ADULTS AND STUDENTS AND FEATURE LIVE STEREO BACKUP. THE COURSES ARE ACTIVE WITH LOTS OF PLAYING IN CLASS.
+__Also__: Advanced classes in blues harp and chromatic harmonica.
-LEE ROSEN B.A. MUSIC
-1182
+__And__ a new course: __Eurythmics__: classess featuring exercises to increase your natural sense of rhythm and develop basic musical skills by playing Latin, Rock and Black rhythms.
-POSSIBLE  CLOSURE OF CLUBROOM - Wednesday, 2nd SeEtember.
+All classes go for 10 weeks. They are suitable for adults and students and feature live stereo back-up. The courses are active with lots of playing in class.
+Lee Rosen. B.A. Music. 818 1182.
+----
+====Possible Closure Of Clubroom - Wednesday, 2nd September.====
 The Caretaker of the Ella Community Centre informed members on 8th July that the hall may not be available on the evening of Wednesday, 2nd September, when the members of the Community Centre will be holding their Annual Meeting.
 It is probable that the S.B.W. Committee Meeting to be held that evening will be transferred to a private home, and other members should refrain from attending at the normal meeting place.
-THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER
-Page 5
+----
-duly, 1987
-Report on Ian Debert's Test Walk: 16/17 May 1987. - by Errol Sheedy
+=====Report on Ian Debert's Test Walk: 16/17 May 1987.=====
-Canons Medlow Gap - Mobbs Swamp - Yellow Pup Ridge - Konangaroo Clearing - Cox R. - Breakfast Ck - Canons.
+By Errol Sheedy
+Carlons - Medlow Gap - Mobbs Swamp - Yellow Pup Ridge - Konangaroo Clearing - Cox R. - Breakfast Ck - Carlons.
 The walk went as per the program. The weather was sunny on Saturday, and the forecast rain did not eventuate until we got back to the cars just on dark on Sunday.
-Most of the partyof 27 camped at Megalong Ck on Friday night, and the rest of us arrived about 8 a.m. Saturday. We paid our parking fees at Carlon's shop and followed the road up the ridge to the fire trail leading to Medlow Gap. After lunch at Mobbs Swamp we reached Mt Yellow Dog where we were joined by two late starters and the few who had eschewed the lunch spot to visit Splendour Rock. The descent of the Yellow Pup Ridge track proved to be a real knee trembler and sorted the sheep from the goats (though I'm not sure which species arrived at the Cox R. first) and saw some using branches as walking sticks to relieve the pressure on the knees, while others, for a time, even resorted to walking down backwards as a means of relieving the continual strain.
-During the afternoon someone said that Keith Docherty had gone down to the river the previous day, and that, in view of his piscatorial proclivities, he might possibly have caught some trout. This intimation hardly prepared us for the sight at Konangaroo Clearing, at the junction of the Cox and
+Most of the party of 27 camped at Megalong Ck on Friday night, and the rest of us arrived about 8 a.m. Saturday. We paid our parking fees at Carlon's shop and followed the road up the ridge to the fire trail leading to Medlow Gap. After lunch at Mobbs Swamp we reached Mt Yellow Dog where we were joined by two late starters and the few who had eschewed the lunch spot to visit Splendour Rock. The descent of the Yellow Pup Ridge track proved to be a real knee trembler and sorted the sheep from the goats (though I'm not sure which species arrived at the Cox R. first) and saw some using branches as walking sticks to relieve the pressure on the knees, while others, for a time, even resorted to walking down backwards as a means of relieving the continual strain.
-Kanangra Rivers, where we met Keith who had caught his legal daily limit of ten trout. There they were, magnificent specimens of rainbow trout ranging from one and a half, to one kilograms, strung up in a bunch and hanging from a low branch. Keigh magnanimously invited us to help oursleves, even providing the previously folded sheets of aluminium foil in which to wrap the fish for roasting in the coals. When the alfoil was unfolded and the unsealed skin pushed back to reveal the steaming flesh we were provided with a superb treat before the remainder of the fish (the half underneath the backbone) was handed over to someone else to finish off.
-I had seen some mall trout in the Cox River before and I had heard Keith speaking of trout fishing, but I had not realized that such fish were lurking in the water we had often waded across. When we set off upstream on Sunday morning Peter Sharpe had his telescopic rod out and did spinning in pools, and when he caught up with us he was very pleased to have caught a large brown trout, complete with the distinctive brown spots. He said somebody had mentioned that there were no brown trout in the Cox River.
+During the afternoon someone said that Keith Docherty had gone down to the river the previous day, and that, in view of his piscatorial proclivities, he might possibly have caught some trout. This intimation hardly prepared us for the sight at Konangaroo Clearing, at the junction of the Cox and Kanangra Rivers, where we met Keith who had caught his legal daily limit of ten trout. There they were, magnificent specimens of rainbow trout ranging from one and a half, to one kilograms, strung up in a bunch and hanging from a low branch. Keigh magnanimously invited us to help oursleves, even providing the previously folded sheets of aluminium foil in which to wrap the fish for roasting in the coals. When the alfoil was unfolded and the unsealed skin pushed back to reveal the steaming flesh we were provided with a superb treat before the remainder of the fish (the half underneath the backbone) was handed over to someone else to finish off.
+I had seen some small trout in the Cox River before and I had heard Keith speaking of trout fishing, but I had not realized that such fish were lurking in the water we had often waded across. When we set off upstream on Sunday morning Peter Sharpe had his telescopic rod out and did spinning in pools, and when he caught up with us he was very pleased to have caught a large brown trout, complete with the distinctive brown spots. He said somebody had mentioned that there were no brown trout in the Cox River.
 On the botanical side, numerous walkers commented during Saturday on the great variety of fungi to be seen following the recent rains. (One variety of fungus I am saving up to describe to Frank Taecker.) At Mobbs Swamp there were Native Fuchsias (Correa reflexa), while along Yellow Dog Range were numerous Brachyscome specimens.
 On Sunday morning along the Cox we discovered a small grove of the giant stinging tree. I thought that the pale-green heart-shaped leaf on the ground came from a stinging tree, and picking it up, quickly dropped it again as my finger was stung. The sensation was numerous degrees worse than a stinging nettle, and the finger throbbed for the next half hour. This was the first stinging tree I had seen outside of a rainforest, and I will be on the lookout in future.
-The Cox was crossed numerous times, and we managed to keep our shorts dry. Then followed the umpteen crossings of Breakfast Creek. We finally arrived back at C,arlons just on dark. Many thanks Ian for the leadership. The group included, I think, six prospective members.
-(Prospective members should realise that trout is not served on all walks.) - Editor
+The Cox was crossed numerous times, and we managed to keep our shorts dry. Then followed the umpteen crossings of Breakfast Creek. We finally arrived back at Carlons just on dark. Many thanks Ian for the leadership. The group included, I think, six prospective members.
-* * * * * * * * *
--.IE SYDNEY BUS EIVIALKE3.
+(Prospective members should realise that trout is not served on all walks. - Editor)
-VICTORIA ROAD GLADESVILLE, 2111 PHONE (02) 817 5590 HOURS - MON.-FR1. 9-6
-THURS. 9- SAT. 9-4
+----
-(PARKING AT REAR OFF PITTWATIR ROAD)
-A LARGE RANGE OF LIGHTWEIGHT, QUALITY, BUSHWALKING Et CAMPING GEAR
+=====What's Biting You?!! - Crayfish.=====
- LIGHTWEIGHT FOOD FOR BACKPACKERS AND CANOEISTS
- COLD WEATHER PROTECTION CLOTHING AND RAINGEAR
+By Geoff McIntosh.
- MAPS, BOOKS AND LEAFLETS
- INFORMATION SERVICE FOR CANOEISTS AND WALKERS
+Yes, bushwalkers have been bitten by crayfish. Peter Christian and Rudi Dezelin suffered razor-like cuts to their digits on a McCarrs Creek daywalk in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park about three years ago because they were not careful when picking up crayfish.
- KNIVES  COMPASSES  SURVIVAL GEAR
-WE STOCK THE LARGEST RANGE OF CANOEING GEAR IN N.S.W.
-QUALITY TOURING CRAFT OF ALL TYPES HIGH QUALITY, PERFORMANCE COMPETITION CRAFT
- A HUGE RANGE OF PADDLES FOR ALL TYPES OF CANOEING  WETSUITS  SURF SKIS
- ALL TYPES OF SPRAY COVERS  WIDE RANGE OF JACKETS & CAGS  FACE MASKS
- FOOTWEAR  MANY TYPES OF BUOYANCY & LIFE VESTS  HELMETS
-July, 1987 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER Page 7
-WHAT'S BITING YOU?!! - CRAYFISH.
-' BY Geoff McIntosh.
-Yes, bushwalkers have been bitten by crayfish. Peter Christian and Rudi Dezelin
-suffered razor-like cuts to their digits on a McCarrs Creek daywalk in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park about three years ago because they were not careful when picking up crayfish.
 There is much interchange and variation in nomenclature throughout Australia involving crayfish, yabbies and lobsters. "Yabby" is an aboriginal word.
 There are approximately 400 species of freshwater crayfish on earth, with approximately 100 of these species in Australia.
-Australia has the largest freshwater crayfish and also the smallest. The largest is
-the Astocopsis gouldi from small streams in North-west Tasmania and measures 76 cm (30 inches) from claws to tail. The smallest is the Tenuibranchiurus which measures 2 cm (3/4 inch) long and is found in Queensland.
+Australia has the largest freshwater crayfish and also the smallest. The largest is the Astocopsis gouldi from small streams in North-west Tasmania and measures 76 cm (30 inches) from claws to tail. The smallest is the Tenuibranchiurus which measures 2 cm (3/4 inch) long and is found in Queensland.
-Biology of the Crayfish.
+===Biology of the Crayfish.===
 The crayfish is a decapod (ten-legged) crustacean which evolved during the Mesozoic era between 130 and 225 million years ago, the period during which the dinosaur appeared and disappeared.
 The crayfish has two gill compartments whose cover can be closed to trap moisture allowing it to live out of water for short periods (much longer for semi-aquatic and terrestrial crayfish). It has a simple brain; compound eyes; touch receptors in its antennae, walking legs and body; chemical receptors for tasting in its antennules and on the walls of the gill chambers; and odour detectors in its antennae.
-Moulting.
+===Moulting.===
 The crayfish has an external skeleton and to grow must moult as follows:
-. Calcium is withdrawn from the skin and stored.
-. A new soft folded skin forms beneath the old skin.
+  - Calcium is withdrawn from the skin and stored.
-. The old skin splits and the crayfish steps out.
+  - A new soft folded skin forms beneath the old skin.
-. The crayfish grows quickly within its soft skin.
+  - The old skin splits and the crayfish steps out.
-. The crayfish draws calcium into the new skin from its calcium storage areas and the surrounding water, and from eating its old skin.
+  - The crayfish grows quickly within its soft skin.
-. The new skin hardens.
+  - The crayfish draws calcium into the new skin from its calcium storage areas and the surrounding water, and from eating its old skin.
-During successive moults, the crayfish can gradually replace lost legs, claws, antennae and antennules,but not its eyes which are replaced by another set of antennules.
+  - The new skin hardens.
-Locomotion.
-The paddle-like swimmerets are used to aerate the crayfish and propel it forward. The
+During successive moults, the crayfish can gradually replace lost legs, claws, antennae and antennules, but not its eyes which are replaced by another set of antennules.
-high speed reversing from danger with claws at the ready is achieved by quickly closing the tail to produce a jet of water.
-Reproduction of Crayfish.
+===Locomotion.===
+The paddle-like swimmerets are used to aerate the crayfish and propel it forward. The high speed reversing from danger with claws at the ready is achieved by quickly closing the tail to produce a jet of water.
+===Reproduction of Crayfish.===
 The male throws the female on her back and mounts her, spaying sperm from his two penes on to her two genital openings. The female passes hundreds of eggs through the sperm, fertilising them, then pushes the eggs down to the underside of her tail where they stick firmly and are aerated by the waving of the swimmerets.
-The hatched crayfish grow from the eggs, then moult and hang upside down on her swimmerets. (In the northern hemisphere, they hang right side up.) On moulting again they become
-facsimiles of the adults and leave Mum permanently.
+The hatched crayfish grow from the eggs, then moult and hang upside down on her swimmerets. (In the northern hemisphere, they hang right side up.) On moulting again they become facsimiles of the adults and leave Mum permanently.
 Mating is in spring and summer.
- Foolgf, Crayfish are mostly vegetarian, but will eat almost anything if need be, including
-each other.
+===Food.===
-Page 8 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER July, 1987
-Walking Legs
+Crayfish are mostly vegetarian, but will eat almost anything if need be, including each other.
-(AI3DY (cueRAX 1>E5rgUCTOR)
-TAE MuSRAy CRAY
+===Types  of Australian Crayfish.===
-The Sy104EY CAAYFISPI HAVE
-A SIMILAR APPEARAAJCS ,
+Australian freshwater crayfish are classified in three broad groups:
-Cmapece
-Gah under this section)
+  - Aquatic Freshwater Crayfish (of which the Sydney Crayfish is one) occur only in permanent rivers, creeks and sometimes lakes.
-Cervical Groove
+  - Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Crayfish live in burrows connected to water (dams, rivers etc. which are not necessarily permanent) by access shafts and are capable of surviving out of water for long periods. One species, the Chera destructor, as mentioned previously is known by an aboriginal word, "yabby", and inhabits about one third bf Australia. (Refer: map.)
-Antennuie
+  - Terrestrial Freshwater Crayfish live anywhere on land provided there is water with 2 metres (6 feet) of ground level.
-Walking Legs
-Ceptialothorax (Head & Thorax)
+===The Australian Aquatic Freshwater Crayfish -===
-Abdomen
+Has several genuses, the main one being the Euastacus (Spiny Freshwater Crayfish). There are 27 species of this genus around Australia, the main ones being:-
-Chelipid
-Antennae
+. __The Sydney Crayfish__.
-Antennults
-Cervical Groove
+(a) Ebastacus australasiensis which occurs in creeks around Sydney. The young are a muddy brown colour changing through moults to a bright orange in the adults. They grow to about 20 cm (8 inches) from head to tail.
-R714 QI)ED0SIAAA SPIPP( egArA54i
-CittASTAcu FL-8 CK 11)
+(b) Evastacus spinifera which occurs in creeks north of Sydney Harbour. They are usually dark greenish with red markings.
-YA 8T (CHERAK 1)6;TKLICTeit)
-LA AA 14GrON SPINY Cg4YFIC14
+. __The Murray Crayfish__.
-(EVA STA CoS SuL4A-ra5)
-MARRokl
+Evastacus armatus is the second largest freshwater crayfish on earth measuring 45 cm (18 inches) from head to tail and is found in the Murray River and many of its tributaries.
-RAX TUN MAWS)
-MuRgAY R, CRAy PAPAW(
+. __The Lamington Spiny Crayfish__. (Euastacus sulcatus)
-'MUM! M
-la  011PINP (EvASTAcvS S Prat 5)
+Is well known to walkers in the beautiful rainforest of the Lamington National Park in south-east Queensland, its only domicile. It is the most spectacular species with bands of bright blue and white with scarlet at its joints. It is sometimes seen walking along the well-graded tracks of the park, hundreds of metres from its creeks in wet weather. When approached it will rear up, waving its large claws and hissing. A threatening sight, even though it only appears to grow to about 22 cm (9 inches) long from head to tail.
-'A5rAC/OPP/5 Gout 1.1
-(61,017 7-A5MAAJIA,A1 CRAyFISAI-5-----111b-t) sybNIET CRAYE1514
+. __The Gippsland Crayfish__ - of Victoria.
-tuAflACIIS lieSTRAMSai.isiS i)
-SPIN WERA
+. __The North Queensland Spiny Crayfish__. (Euastacus fleckeri)
-MAZOR FRE5RWATE1 CRAYFI5A/ GROUP$
-July, 1987 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER Page 9
+Is found only in the Daintree River and Mossman River areas.
-Ii2es  of Australian Crayfish.
-Australian. freshwater crayfish are classified in three broad groups:
+===Sources of Informtion.===
-. Aquatic Freshwater Crayfish (of which the Sydney Crayfish is one) occur only in permanent rivers, creeks and sometimes lakes.
-. Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Crayfish live in burrows connected to water (dams, rivers etc. which are not necessarily permanent) by access shafts and are capable of surviving out of water for long periods. One species, the Chera destructor, as mentioned previously is known by an aboriginal word, "yabby", and inhabits about one third bf Australia. (Refer: map.)
+  * "A Salute to the Humble Yabby" by Peter Olszewski.
-. Terrestrial FReshwater Crayfish live anywhere on land provided there is water with 2 metres (6 feet) of ground level.
+  * "Australian Crustaceans in Colour" by A. Healey & J. Yaldwyn.
-The Australian Aquatic Freshwater Crayfish -
+  * "Australian Freshwater Life" by W. D. Williams.
-Has several genuses, the main one being the Euastacus (Spiny Freshwater Crayfish). There are
+  * "Australian Inland Waters and their Fauna" by A. H. Weatherley.
-species of this genus around Australia, the main ones being:-
-. The Sydney Crayfish.
+----
-(a) Ebastacus australasiensis which occurs in creeks around Sydney. The young are a muddy
-brown colour changing through moults to a bright orange in the adults. They grow to about 20 cm (8 inches) from head to tail.
-(b) EVastacus spinifera which occurs in creeks north of Sydney Harbour. They are usually dark greenish with red markings.
-. The Murray Crayfish.
-Etastacus armatus is the second largest freshwater crayfish on earth measuring 45 cm
-(18 inches) from head to tail and is found in the Murray River and many of its tributaries.
-. The Laminoton Spiny Crayfish. (Euastacus sulcatus)
-Is well known to walkers in the beautiful rainforest of the Lamington National Park in
-south-east Queensland, its only domicile. It is the most spectacular species with bands
-of bright blue and white with scarlet at its joints. It is sometimes seen walking along
-the well-graded tracks of the park, hundreds of metres from its creeks in wet weather.
-When approached it will rear up, waving its large claws and hissing. A threatening sight,
-even though it only appears to grow to about 22 cm (9 inches) long from head to tail.
-. The Gippsland Crayfish - of Victoria.
-. The North Queensland Spiny Crayfish. (Euastacus fleckeri) Is found only in the Daintree River and Mossman River areas.
-SOURCES OF INFORMATION.
-"A Salute to the Humble Yabby" by Peter Olszewski.
-"Australian Crustaceans in Colour" by A. Healey & J. Yaldwyn.
-"Australian Freshwater Life" by W. D. Williams.
-"Australian Inland Waters and their Fauna" by A. H. Weatherley.
-* * * * * * * * * *
 AUGUST SOCIAL PROGRAM. by Wendy Aliano.
 th August. Magazine Wrapping NIght. Come along and help to put the Club magazine
@@ Line 279: / Line 259: @@
 NEEDS, WHETHER
 IT BE FOR....
- Bushwalking  Canyoning
+ Bushwalking   Canyoning
 O Caving  Skiing
 * Climbing