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 |3| |The South Coast of Tasmania| Brian Holden|
 |4| |Is this the last volley| Len Hainke|
-|5| |Legal Aspects of Leading a bushwalk||
+|5| |Legal Aspects of Leading a bushwalk -||
 | | |A few points to keep in mind||
 |6| |From the Clubroom| Jan Roberts|
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 ===== Advertisers =====
-|Willis's Walkabouts  ||
+|Willis's Walkabouts  |3|
 |Eastwood Camping Centre  |7|
 |Paddy Pallin  |15|
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-Join The Coolana Friends
+====== Join The Coolana Friends ======
 By the time you read this, the noxious weed eradication spraying on the Coolana flats should be completed. For effective action, we should not disturb the sprayed weeds for three weeks - until the end of March.
-During February a small but energetic group has cleared a grid of paths through the flats, cut and removed fallen timber, and, moving more easily across the flats, realised just how pleasant a
+During February a small but energetic group has cleared a grid of paths through the flats, cut and removed fallen timber, and, moving more easily across the flats, realised just how pleasant a place it can be.
-place it can be.
-Others have tackled the weeds elsewhere. around the shed and down they old roadlooks better already, whilst the grassy clearing below, weeded by the HoRands and Lorraine Bloomfield, just begs for a couple of tents.
+Others have tackled the weeds elsewhere: around the shed and down the old road looks better already, whilst the grassy clearing below, weeded by the Hollands and Lorraine Bloomfield, just begs for a couple of tents.
 Now, what should we do next? Well, a working bee on the flats from 30th March to 2nd April is planned, with a follow up 13-16th April if needed. Come for one day or come for all, but ring George Mawer first if interested. After that we are considering a long weekend, to cater for working people and retirees, over possibly the second weekend each month. Watch this magazine for details.
-Of course, if you want to visit Coolana at any other time and do a bit for its future, do so, but perhaps'aieck With Fran Holland or JO Van Somers on where to put your efforts to best effect. r
+Of course, if you want to visit Coolana at any other time and do a bit for its future, do so, but perhaps check With Fran Holland or Jo Van Somers on where to put your efforts to best effect.
 We have tasks for all types in the working parties.
 Do you feel macho with a chain saw, or are you a put-upon beast of burden? There is a massive amount of fallen timber to be cut and stacked for future use.
-Would you rather wander down the hill, sharp- eyed and methodical plucking small privet and 'other perennial weeds from the ground? Or wage war on the smothering Moth Vine, 'destroying it before its fruit ripens and disperses.
+Would you rather wander down the hill, sharp-eyed and methodical plucking small privet and other perennial weeds from the ground? Or wage war on the smothering Moth Vine, destroying it before its fruit ripens and disperses.
 Don't know a weed from an endangered species? Let us introduce you to your own special weed and you can seek it everywhere.
 You may prefer to 'Adopt a Plot' and make its restoration your own project. Discuss this idea if it appeals.
-Of course, considerate souls, dispensing refreshing drinks and encouraging words are also welcome
-What to bring? Chain or bush saws; secateurs; weeding aids and gardening gloves. Rakes may be useful and there will be 'Roundup' for the Moth Vine. Long trousers, boots and possibly gaiters when working on the Flats.
+Of course, considerate souls, dispensing refreshing drinks and encouraging words are also welcome.
-Endless love
-George Mawer
+What to bring? Chain or bush saws, secateurs, weeding aids and gardening gloves. Rakes may be useful and there will be 'Roundup' for the Moth Vine. Long trousers, boots and possibly gaiters when working on the Flats.
-It's very likely that you joined SBW to try a little. serious bushwalldng. and now find that you stepped into a totally new life dimension. Some of it's been great no doubt and already you've experienced things that you'll carry in your treasured memories forever.
-There are the sore feet at the end of a long hard day. Slogging up some of those hills that seem to go on for ever. Picking your way down down down until your trembling knees feel like jelly. The heat. The cold. A bed that's never quite comfortable. Getting up in the morning and having to put on the same cold wet Socks that you took off to go to bed. The times you ask yourself incredulously "what am I doing here?". Prickly scratchy bushes. Wet slippery rocks. Icy water that you have to Wade through. Slippery muddy boggy tracks. Heavy packs. The camp fire that's too big or too small or too hot for cooking or too crowded. Those big red (and black) bull ants. Leaches, ticks, smelly clothes, scratched legs, sunburn, windburn, stings and bites. Boring food. Trip sticks, cutting saw grass, leaking raincoats, cuts and bruises - the list goes on - and they're some of the good bits.
+====== Endless love ======
+**George Mawer**
+It's very likely that you joined SBW to try a little. serious bushwalking and now find that you stepped into a totally new life dimension. Some of it's been great no doubt and already you've experienced things that you'll carry in your treasured memories forever.
+There are the sore feet at the end of a long hard day. Slogging up some of those hills that seem to go on for ever. Picking your way down down down until your trembling knees feel like jelly. The heat. The cold. A bed that's never quite comfortable. Getting up in the morning and having to put on the same cold wet socks that you took off to go to bed. The times you ask yourself incredulously "what am I doing here?". Prickly scratchy bushes. Wet slippery rocks. Icy water that you have to Wade through. Slippery muddy boggy tracks. Heavy packs. The camp fire that's too big or too small or too hot for cooking or too crowded. Those big red (and black) bull ants. Leaches, ticks, smelly clothes, scratched legs, sunburn, windburn, stings and bites. Boring food. Trip sticks, cutting saw grass, leaking raincoats, cuts and bruises - the list goes on - and they're some of the good bits.
 And still you love it.
-MARCH. THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER PAGE 3
-The SOuth Coast of
-Tasmania
+====== The South Coast of Tasmania ======
-Brian Holden
+**Brian Holden**
 /02/96
  I was looking forward to getting back to Tassy since I rode about 500 km with 1200 cyclists (organised by Bicycle Victoria) last January. Cycling off the main roads in Tasmania nicely compliments bushwalking that charming little state. Hobart alone justifies a trip down there.
-- On January 5th, I and six friends got off a bus at Cockle Creek ranger station at the start of the south coast track. We had only a half day walk but packs were heavy and muscles were flabby. I was glad to get to the camp at Cape Rivulet. Early on day 2 we struck our first mud then some more and then more. If this was what was in store, it was going to be an exhausting bush walk! Camp was at Granite Beach. Much less mud on day 3 meant that I could start to enjoy myself. The camp was at Osmiridium Beach with a spectacular view of Precipitous Bluff. Occasional thoughts of Wade Butler were a bit sobering.
-. Day 4 was THE day. This was the day our leader seemed to be having sleepless nights over. This was the day we were to go over the IronbOunds. He had been mumbling for days earlier that when we got over that hurdle, he could rest in peace. The climb of 920 metres was a bit demanding with big views of the Arthurs, Mt Ann and Federation Peak. Then, on wobbly knees, down the same number of metres to the camp on Louisa River. What our leader was worried about was a change in weather. The Antarctic might be a long way away, but we were constantly aware that it was directly over the horizon like some lurking menace. We had by now perfect wether and our luck had to run out soon.
+On January 5th, I and six friends got off a bus at Cockle Creek ranger station at the start of the south coast track. We had only a half day walk but packs were heavy and muscles were flabby. I was glad to get to the camp at Cape Rivulet. Early on day 2 we struck our first mud then some more and then more. If this was what was in store, it was going to be an exhausting bush walk! Camp was at Granite Beach. Much less mud on day 3 meant that I could start to enjoy myself. The camp was at Osmiridium Beach with a spectacular view of Precipitous Bluff. Occasional thoughts of Wade Butler were a bit sobering.
-Camp on day 5 was at Cox Bight. Looking back it was the most memorable part of the whole trip. We had got to camp with plenty of time to spare.. The colours of the late afternoon and evening brought back memories of the magic week I spent at Lake Pedder before the flooding. Subtle pinks and golds which could be unique to the sky in this part of the world. There was another reason to be satisfied. Tomorrow would be a straightforward walk up the valley to the hut and food drop at Melaleuca. Tomorrow night's dinner would have a few yummy things in it. r>
-The West Macdonnells. Climb the mountains and relax in cool, secluded gorges.
+Day 4 was THE day. This was the day our leader seemed to be having sleepless nights over. This was the day we were to go over the Ironbounds. He had been mumbling for days earlier that when we got over that hurdle, he could rest in peace. The climb of 920 metres was a bit demanding with big views of the Arthurs, Mt Ann and Federation Peak. Then, on wobbly knees, down the same number of metres to the camp on Louisa River. What our leader was worried about was a change in weather. The Antarctic might be a long way away, but we were constantly aware that it was directly over the horizon like some lurking menace. We had by now perfect weather and our luck had to run out soon.
-The East Macdonnells. Cross pink sands and camp near a small oasis. Wander through the nearby hills.
-Finke Gorge National Park. Stroll through one of the world's oldest landscapes. Enjoy a swim in one of the large waterholes.
+Camp on day 5 was at Cox Bight. Looking back it was the most memorable part of the whole trip. We had got to camp with plenty of time to spare.. The colours of the late afternoon and evening brought back memories of the magic week I spent at Lake Pedder before the flooding. Subtle pinks and golds which could be unique to the sky in this part of the world. There was another reason to be satisfied. Tomorrow would be a straightforward walk up the valley to the hut and food drop at Melaleuca. Tomorrow night's dinner would have a few yummy things in it.
-Watarrka National Park. The Centre's richest plant diversity. Deep gorges, picturesque waterholes, red dunes, spectacular views.
-Our trips offer you all this and more. Ask for our brochure and trip notes.
+Melaleuca was founded by the famous Denny King who lived there for 45 years mining tin. Only for a few of those years did he have his family there with him. To think that in the middle of the 20th century there could be but one man in such a magnificent and vast wilderness! His supplies were delivered by boat up Bathurst Harbour.
-$VIAlt
-VVillis's Walkabouts
-Carrington Street, Millrier NT 0810
-Phone (089) 85.2134 Fax (089) 85 2355
-PAGE 4 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER MARCH 1996
-< Melaleuca was, founded by the famous Denny King who lived there for 45 years mining tin. Only for a few of those years did he have his family there with him. To think that in the middle of the 20th century there could be but one man in such a magnificent and vast wilderness! His supplies were delivered by boat up Bathurst Harbour.
 So day 6 ended in a hut with a table and a great swim in relatively warm fresh water off a jetty. The first section of our walk was over. Now we were to face the second where tracks were "negotiable routes". There must be a few kilometres of boardwalk on the South Coast Track. Boardwalks cost from $40 to $100 a mete to lay. If walkers keep coming there will be non stop mud from Cockle Creek to Melaleuca wherever there are no boards. The only solution are boardwalks financed by walkers staying in lodges and paying big money. That will mean the average walker will be excluded. The number of walkers has already reached its maximum as our group's 5 tents filled almost every camp site. :Fortunately the traffic was evenly spread out along the way.
-Our second stage was the South West Cape circuit, An easy walk got us into camp at New Harbour on day 7. Camp on day 8 was at Ketchen Bay and the next on day 9 at Wilson Bight. As we awoke to threatening weather on day 10, we decided to stay put at Wilson and get into the books we had been humping rather than dO a planned side trip out to the end of the cape. There was still no rain. Our luck just had to run out soon
-Day 11 was the second hard day of the whole trip and had Us up on the South West Cape Range in Cold strong winds. It was bleak but dry. Just prior to the camp at Window Pane Bay there was some rock. scrambling and for a few seconds at one point it was toudi.::,and.:go if I was togo to my maker. I was glad that day was behind Me.
+Our second stage was the South West Cape circui. An easy walk got us into camp at New Harbour on day 7. Camp on day 8 was at Ketchen Bay and the next on day 9 at Wilson Bight. As we awoke to threatening weather on day 10, we decided to stay put at Wilson and get into the books we had been humping rather than do a planned side trip out to the end of the cape. There was still no rain. Our luck just had to run out soon.
-Camp on day 12 was behind Noyhener Beach
-which was the only beach we had Struck which was ,r
+Day 11 was the second hard day of the whole trip and had us up on the South West Cape Range in cold strong winds. It was bleak but dry. Just prior to the camp at Window Pane Bay there was some rock scrambling and for a few seconds at one point it was touch and go if I was to go to my maker. I was glad that day was behind me.
-just: Ordinary in appearance. The camp was "yet another fri/e star" as they all had been. This was the last time 1 Would be tenting and it was time to reflect on the overall quality of the walk The Mountains aredrarriatic in shape as they are in New Zealand but have not the height and, therefore, the added effect of SnOW that that area... has However the Pristine beaches compensate and, in my opinion, this 'part of 'Australia is the equal of the Milford Track. It was a lot more comfortable than the Milford Track as there
-were no sandflies and the mozzies we came across did not bight. .
+Camp on day 12 was behind Noyhener Beach which was the only beach we had struck which was just ordinary in appearance. The camp was "yet another five star" as they all had been. This was the last time I would be tenting and it was time to reflect on the overall quality of the walk. The Mountains are dramatic in shape as they are in New Zealand but have not the height and, therefore, the added effect of Snow that that area has. However the pristine beaches compensate and, in my opinion, this part of Australia is the equal of the Milford Track. It was a lot more comfortable than the Milford Track as there were no sandflies and the mozzies we came across did not bite.
-Our third hard day for the whole trip was the dash for Melaleuca on day 13. It was an 111/2 hour day - made harder by poor visibility which had us doing some unnecessary climbing. We were able to pick up the Port Davy. Track for the final 2 hours into Melaleuca which was a sure welcome sight. Day 14 was the day we had in reserve in case heavy rain confined us to our tents. We spent that day hanging around the settlement. Finally, we left Melaleuca airstrip on the 20th. in two small planes. It was a bumpy and nauseating flight back to Hobart which took us right over the top of Federation Peak. That night we had dinner at $65 per head - which we agreed we deserved.
-We had not experienced rain at all. As some.. locals were claiming that that was unheard of, I probably won't go back to repeat a walk which could never be as good. 0
+Our third hard day for the whole trip was the dash for Melaleuca on day 13. It was an 11 1/2 hour day - made harder by poor visibility which had us doing some unnecessary climbing. We were able to pick up the Port Davy Track for the final 2 hours into Melaleuca which was a sure welcome sight. Day 14 was the day we had in reserve in case heavy rain confined us to our tents. We spent that day hanging around the settlement. Finally, we left Melaleuca airstrip on the 20th. in two small planes. It was a bumpy and nauseating flight back to Hobart which took us right over the top of Federation Peak. That night we had dinner at $65 per head - which we agreed we deserved.
-Is this the 'Last' Volley?
-Len Hainke
+We had not experienced rain at all. As some locals were claiming that that was unheard of, I probably won't go back to repeat a walk which could never be as good.
-"Shot! Another sizzling volley and Ken Rosewell sidelines Lew Hoad yet again!". Sounds like a familiar comment from the tennis scene of the '50's. !
+====== Is this the 'Last' Volley? ======
+**Len Hainke**
+"Shot! Another sizzling volley and Ken Rosewell sidelines Lew Hoad yet again!". Sounds like a familiar comment from the tennis scene of the '50's!
 The other volley is the sandshoe that was king in those times and survived until 1993, being very popular with lightweight walkers including yours truly.
-In that year the last Volley OC went 'over the baseline' and that was the end of wonderful sneakers, rubber plimsolls, Sandshoes or whatever! We were assured that the infamous Volley International would go on for the "foreseeable future" - as a poor replacement. However the 'future' is a pretty variable thing and depends upon the colour of your politics - or is it your tennis socks!
-February 1996 it is and International volleys are still with us. They look the same but what a. difference! They are 180g (approx',) lighter about. 20% - mainly intlie sole (where it hurts! )'- Whilst the inner is a very squashy affair.
+In that year the last Volley OC went 'over the baseline' and that was the end of wonderful sneakers, rubber plimsolls, sandshoes or whatever! We were assured that the infamous Volley International would go on for the "foreseeable future" - as a poor replacement. However the 'future' is a pretty variable thing and depends upon the colour of your politics - or is it your tennis socks!
-The sole transmits every roughness to the foOt, Th6y smell revolting (a different nibber vulcanisei). and should be kept out of tents and Cupboards for;',:' that reason. 1>
-MARCH 1.996 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER PAGE 5
+February 1996 it is and International volleys are still with us. They look the same but what a difference! They are 180g (approx',) lighter about 20% - mainly in the sole (where it hurts!)'- whilst the inner is a very squashy affair.
-< Is This The Last Volley
+The sole transmits every roughness to the foot, They smell revolting (a different rubber vulcaniser) and should be kept out of tents and Cupboards for that reason.
 My (30 odd year) love affair with volleys is over. I lost the 'match' 2 rubbers to nil! I have 7 pair of OC's stashed away and will have to tread lightly to eke out the most mileage from them.
-There is old stock of inters around but you will Only find them in, small volume shoe shops mainly in small country towns or the like. In the meantime the 'slipper' Inters - new stock - can be recognised by
+There is old stock of inters around but you will only find them in small volume shoe shops mainly in small country towns or the like. In the meantime the 'slipper' Inters - new stock - can be recognised by
 hand flexing the sole at the ball of the foot section - they feel thinner - the squashy inner and the smell are a dead giveaway! If in doubt take an old Volley with you.
 The future? My guess is that we will see a new up market Volley with an image and price to match.
-, To mourn the passing of the famous Volley OC I can only quote the words of the 10th century Persian philosopher who did it in style when he drank and wrote the definitive last line.
+To mourn the passing of the famous Volley OC I can only quote the words of the 10th century Persian philosopher who did it in style when he drank and wrote the definitive last line.
 "Sans wine, sans song, sans walker, sans shoe sans end" .. Omar Khayyam . (with apologies)
-Legal Aspects of Bushwalking
-Leadership
+====== Legal Aspects of Bushwalking Leadership ======
 from "Bushwalking and Mountaincraft Leadership" Handbook of the Victorian Bushwalking and Mountaincraft Training Advisory Board. 1994 edition.
-(Note: The following is a summary of the best advice available on this subject at the time of printing. The matters listed are those which leaders should take into account and on which, if necessary, they should seek'prOfessional advice before leading groups.)
-increased civil litigation in recent years combined with wider media coverage has been a significant factor in highlighting the responsibilities of leaders involved in outdoor activities. A leader who assumes responsibility for others, whether they be children or adults (walking clubs, friends, community groups, etc.), is subject to certain legal responsibilities. These responsibilities arise in a number of ways.
+(Note: The following is a summary of the best advice available on this subject at the time of printing. The matters listed are those which leaders should take into account and on which, if necessary, they should seek professional advice before leading groups.)
-Negligence
-Negligence is the omission to do something which a reasonable person would do or the doing of some act which a reasonable person would not do. For an
+Increased civil litigation in recent years combined with wider media coverage has been a significant factor in highlighting the responsibilities of leaders involved in outdoor activities. A leader who assumes responsibility for others, whether they be children or adults (walking clubs, friends, community groups, etc.), is subject to certain legal responsibilities. These responsibilities arise in a number of ways.
-action to be brought in negligence, however, there must be a duty of care owed to some person accompanying the act or omission. The duty of care on the part of a leader is to take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which he/she can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure persons who are closely and directly affected by them. The standard of care is that of a reasonable and prudent leader. Whether this standard has been breached is one of fact in the circumstances. For example, all the precautions and safeguards required to be taken by persons carrying out a surgical operation would not be required by a person rendering first aid at the scene of an accident, and the precautions required by a person having the care of adults will differ from those demanded by a person having the care of children.
-An action for damages in negligence could be brought ag,1.inst a leader in circumstances where that leader owing a duty of care to some person has breached that duty by an act or omission which results in the death or injury to that person or loss or damage to his/her property.
+**Negligence**
-It should be emphasised that a leader is not the guarantor of a party's safety although the law may hold that he/she owes a greater duty of care to a
+Negligence is the omission to do something which a reasonable person would do or the doing of some act which a reasonable person would not do. For an action to be brought in negligence, however, there must be a duty of care owed to some person accompanying the act or omission. The duty of care on the part of a leader is to take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which he/she can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure persons who are closely and directly affected by them. The standard of care is that of a reasonable and prudent leader. Whether this standard has been breached is one of fact in the circumstances. For example, all the precautions and safeguards required to be taken by persons carrying out a surgical operation would not be required by a person rendering first aid at the scene of an accident, and the precautions required by a person having the care of adults will differ from those demanded by a person having the care of children.
-party member because of his/her experience than a party member would to a fellow party member who may have little or no experience. No amount of expertise can hide the fact that outdoor activities are potentially dangerous and accidents can happen to anyone.
-Contract
+An action for damages in negligence could be brought against a leader in circumstances where that leader owing a duty of care to some person has breached that duty by an act or omission which results in the death or injury to that person or loss or damage to his/her property.
-Legal liability may arise through breach of contract. An arrangement whereby a leader agrees to take a group on an outdoor activity for a price (that is, in return for payment), could be a contract. Such contract may have terms expressed or implied that the leader is competent and experienced, proper equipment provided; 'safe methods of operations used and necessary approvals obtained.
+It should be emphasised that a leader is not the guarantor of a party's safety although the law may hold that he/she owes a greater duty of care to a party member because of his/her experience than a party member would to a fellow party member who may have little or no experience. No amount of expertise can hide the fact that outdoor activities are potentially dangerous and accidents can happen to anyone.
+**Contract**
+Legal liability may arise through breach of contract. An arrangement whereby a leader agrees to take a group on an outdoor activity for a price (that is, in return for payment), could be a contract. Such contract may have terms expressed or implied that the leader is competent and experienced, proper equipment provided, safe methods of operations used and necessary approvals obtained.
 Breach of any of these terms may give rise to legal action. The contractual aspect of an activity should be considered when effecting insurance cover.
-El
-PAGE 6 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER MARCH 1.996
+====== FROM THE CLUBROOM ======
-FROM THE CLUBROOM By Jan Roberts
-Willis's Walkabouts - February 21
+**By Jan Roberts**
-The original plan was for Russell to join us at the clubroom on his trip down south, and share some of the many walking tours he provides throughout the far north of Australia. As it turned out Russell was unable to join us, so Bill Holland volunteered to present Russell's slides as he and Fran had
+**Willis's Walkabouts - February 21**
-experienced many walks with Willis' Walkabouts in the past.
+The original plan was for Russell to join us at the clubroom on his trip down south, and share some of the many walking tours he provides throughout the far north of Australia. As it turned out Russell was unable to join us, so Bill Holland volunteered to present Russell's slides as he and Fran had experienced many walks with Willis' Walkabouts in the past.
 Bill was the accomplished tour guide throughout the presentation, and even managed to educate us about locations he and Fran are YET to visit.
 Russell's slides took us on walks through rugged gorges to magnificent waterfalls, and often included visiting Aboriginal art sites in the Kakadu, Kimberley and Macdonnell Ranges.
-For those interested in joining one of Willis' Walkabouts, there are many to choose from and all include walking with one or more experienced guides, tasty, lightweight and nutritious evening meals (which means ydur pack is lighter) and lots of time to walk and explore.
+For those interested in joining one of Willis' Walkabouts, there are many to choose from and all include walking with one or more experienced guides, tasty, lightweight and nutritious evening meals (which means ypur pack is lighter) and lots of time to walk and explore.
 SBW members benefit not only by being able to walk with very capable kindred spirits, but also to enjoy special rates as members of the club.
 For more information look for the advertisement in this magazine each month.
 Thanks to Bill for understudying so willingly, and to both Bill and Fran for taking the time to put together the necessary slides for what was a great nights entertainment.
-Walking with Athletes Foot - February 28
-We had a change of program in February with Lone Dean heading off overseas on a spur of the moment business trip, but in her place the people from The Athletes Foot were happy to get a leg in and come to talk to SBW.
+**Walking with Athletes Foot - February 28**
+We had a change of program in February with Ione Dean heading off overseas on a spur of the moment business trip, but in her place the people from The Athletes Foot were happy to get a leg in and come to talk to SBW.
 Samantha, Mat and Doreen from The Athletes Foot made a great start on the night by providing free exercise drinking bottles to the gathering of members, and we all settled back to listen and learn.
 Samantha Cleary (a foot technologist) presented to us on a wide range of issues covering all types of walking shoes, and the technology which goes into producing a staggering range of options.
 First we examined the amazing range of materials that have been developed to support our precious plodders over the years, and Samantha explained how our individual walking style would denote the best 'solution' for our feet.
 The sports shoe industry has become very high tech. over the years, and the amount of design planning that now goes into developing walking shoes many of us found to be quite staggering.
 It was amazing too, how little things can affect comfort and support. Even the seemingly simple method of lacing up a boot can make a lot of difference in comfort and support we were told. There were lots of little hints to pick up throughout the night.
-The key message to all of us was to take more time to seek out expert advice when choosing walking boots exactly Allan Donnelly's message to us last year.
+The key message to all of us was to take more time to seek out expert advice when choosing walking boots..... exactly Allan Donnelly's message to us last year.
 Thanks to Samantha and the team from The Athletes Foot for providing such an informative night on very short notice.
-ioNSPORTIVA
-MOW
-I KING
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-MARCH 1996 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER PAGE 9
-Early Days of the
-Royal National Park
-by Errol Sheedy
 Sir John Robertson, acting head of government in NSW conceived the original idea for the reserve and on 26 April 1879 the National Park was dedicated by the Lieutenant Governor. Following the 1954 visit of Queen Elizabeth II it became known as the Royal National Park. From 1879 until the NPWS took over the Park was controlled by a Board of Trustees.
 In 1893 the Trusties published An Official Guide to The National Park, the text being written by Thomas Ewell. This guide contains details which may not be readily available, and may be of interest to bushwalkers.
-Ewell wrote, describing the original plans for the Park (which differed from current notions), "This irrunense people,s reserve has high and dry patches of soil superior in quality, suitable for military manoeuvres, recreational and camping grounds, or for plantations of ornamental trees and shrubs.. the air of these uplands is pure and invigorating to the jaded citizens of Sydney or her suburbs.. in the not far distant future .. the National Park will stand a beautiful reserve, possessing undisturbed the best of its natural grandeur in the midst of a dense population".
+Ewell wrote, describing the original plans for the Park (which differed from current notions), "This immense people's reserve has high and dry patches of soil superior in quality, suitable for military manoeuvres, recreational and camping grounds, or for plantations of ornamental trees and shrubs.. the air of these uplands is pure and invigorating to the jaded citizens of Sydney or her suburbs.. in the not far distant future .. the National Park will stand a beautiful reserve, possessing undisturbed the best of its natural grandeur in the midst of a dense population".
 Audley was named in honour of licensed surveyor Lord Audley who as far back as 1864 made the first accurate survey of The Hacking River.
 "Another important work accomplished was the clearing, stumping, ploughing and grassing of Loftus Heights, from 1881, long before the Illawarra railway was built.
-Between Loftus Railway Station(the former Royal NP Station) and the Park boundary at Sutherland was a broad piece of ground pierced with well made roads, and used with conspicuous success on several occasions for the military manoeuvres associated with the Easter Encampment of various branches of our defence force".
-These military encampments resulted in several masonry dams being built for a water supply. One of those, which I have seen, is on upper Temptation Creek and another mentioned in the Guide was, I believe, on Platypus Gully: "A road was cut alongthis gully to Kangaroo creek which is freely used as a bathing place by members of the defence force while under canvas."
+Between Loftus Railway Station (the former Royal NP Station) and the Park boundary at Sutherland was a broad piece of ground pierced with well made roads, and used with conspicuous success on several occasions for the military manoeuvres associated with the Easter Encampment of various branches of our defence force".
+These military encampments resulted in several masonry dams being built for a water supply. One of those, which I have seen, is on upper Temptation Creek and another mentioned in the Guide was, I believe, on Platypus Gully: "A road was cut along this gully to Kangaroo creek which is freely used as a bathing place by members of the defence force while under canvas."
 (Let us express the hope, gentle reader, that this eccentric habit did keep the ultraviolet rays off, and did not cause any accidental drowning; at the same time we pray most fervently that, in this secluded and pristine waterway, the moral purity of the defenders of our fledgling nation was not sullied by the pernicious practice of skinny-dipping!)
-"Several miles below Audley 160 acres .. opposite Crymea Bay has been cleared and fenced for a deer park, where there are roaming at leisure fallow and red deer. Several fallow deer were initially installed, and in 1886 Mr E S Cox of Fernhill gave the Park five red deer."
+"Several miles below Audley 160 acres .. opposite Gymea Bay has been cleared and fenced for a deer park, where there are roaming at leisure fallow and red deer. Several fallow deer were initially installed, and in 1886 Mr E S Cox of Fernhill gave the Park five red deer."
 "Thousands of ornamental and shade trees have been planted in avenues; many acres have been under-scrubbed and thoroughly cleared; and the useless under-scrub has given place to nutritious and ornamental grasses."
-"In 1883 stone training walls were erected in the bend of the Hacking River below the dam, along and partly across the worst sand-shoal flats in the tidal river, and there action upon the stream has deepened the stretch of the main channel extending to Swallow Rock [at Gray's Point].Two other loose stone walls keep the main channel open, sufficiently deep for steam launch navigation."
+"In 1883 stone training walls were erected in the bend of the Hacking River below the dam, along and partly across the worst sand-shoal flats in the tidal river, and there action upon the stream has deepened the stretch of the main channel extending to Swallow Rock [at Gray's Point]. Two other loose stone walls keep the main channel open, sufficiently deep for steam launch navigation."
-"At Audley proof of progress is visible in the clearing of five acres for a horse paddock; two acres for a fruit and vegetable garden. An island in the river is for the breeding of cygnets, a process at present attended by disaster owing to the presence of
-eels. IP
+"At Audley proof of progress is visible in the clearing of five acres for a horse paddock; two acres for a fruit and vegetable garden. An island in the river is for the breeding of cygnets, a process at present attended by disaster owing to the presence of eels."
 Some place names were different in 1893. What is now Bundeena was called Yarmouth, the name coming from the Yarmouth Estate, between Jibbon - Beach and Jibbon Trig to the south. Loftus was then called Loftus Junction; the name for the former R N Park Railway Station was Loftus. Engadine did not exist on the map.
 At that time the National Park included most of the land between the railway line and Woronora River - the present centre of Engadine being the southern, and Sutherland station the northern extremities of this north western portion of the Park.
-P10
-PAGE 10 THE. SYDNEY BUSHWALKER MARCH 1996
+But while the National Park, then, was bigger in the northern part, it was smaller in the south, for the southern most part was the Garie Beach region. The Southern boundary consisted of fencing, from the Princes Highway, along Gomera Ridge (between Waterfall Creek and Frews Creek), to the Hacking River, then a south stretch of the Hacking to Cawleys Creek, then another fence heading east to the coast near Garie Beach. I presume that the remains of a post and wire-strand fence which I have encountered while leading Club walks along Gomera Ridge is what is left of the old park boundary fence shown on the map in the 1893 guide. I also presume that the need for such extensive fencing on Gomera Ridge as well as along the Sutherland boundary was to prevent livestock straying into the wilds of the National Park. Ewell doesn't specify the reason for the fencing but makes the point of saying that initially, "Fencing alone an enormous and necessary undertaking, was proceeded with as expeditiously as available funds would permit."
-.1 from P9 the RNP
-But while ,ttle. National Park, then, was bigger in the northern part,,it was smaller in the south, for the southern Most part was the Garie Beach region. The Southern boundary consisted of fencing, from the Princes Highway, along Gomera Ridge (between Waterfall Creek and Frews Creek), to the Hacking River., then a south stretch of the Hacking to Cawley's 'Creek; then another fence heading east to the coast Pear Garie Beach. I presume that the remains of a post and wire-strand fence which I have encountered while leading Club walks along Gomera Ridge is what is left of the old park boundary fence shown on the map in the 1893 guide. 1 also presume that the need for. such extensive. fencing on Gomera Ridge as well as along the Sutherland boundary was to prevent livestock straying into the wilds of the National Park. Ewell doesn't specify the reason for the fencing but makes the point of saying that initially, "Fencing alone an enormous and necessary undertaking, was proceeded with as expeditiously as available funds would permit."
+The Guide doesn't predict the changes to the Park boundaries, but one cannot but wonder whether the authorities did some kind Of land swap: the NW section towards the Woronora River being taken for suburban development in return for the addition of land south of the Garie region.
-The Guide doesn't predict the changes to the Park boundaries, but one cannot but wonder whether the authorities did some kind Of land swap: the NW section towards the Woronora River being taken for suburban development in return for the addition of land south of the Crarie region.
-With percipient foresight the 1893 map lists the whole of the Kumell peninsular as a "Proposed Site for Noxious Trades".
+With percipient foresight the 1893 map lists the whole of the Kurnell peninsular as a "Proposed Site for Noxious Trades".
-Along the eastern side of Lady Carrington Drive there are fifteen brooks that flow into the Hacking River, most of their names being on the present tourist map.. "With an appropriateness beyond question the trustees have given to these gully streatnlets the aboriginal names of Australian birds," The first creek south of Audley being called Mullion (eagle) Brook, and the southern most Palona (hawk) Brook. The small brook between Karoga (White Crane) Brook and Buralga (Native Companion) Brook is not named on the present map but the Trustees called it Gorra Worra (Laughing Jackass) Brook.
-The Old Illawarra Road from Hurstville crossed the Georges River (at "Old Ferry") about 5krn upstream from Como, before heading south to cross the Woronora River, before heading uphill to cross, and then follow the path of the present railway line. "In the earl Y 6OaChing days This old road was the onlyoverland means of communication with the Illawarrd district".
+Along the eastern side of Lady Carrington Drive there are fifteen brooks that flow into the Hacking River, most of their names being on the present tourist map.. "With an appropriateness beyond question the trustees have given to these gully streamlets the aboriginal names of Australian birds," The first creek south of Audley being called Mullion (eagle) Brook, and the southern most Palona (hawk) Brook. The small brook between Karoga (White Crane) Brook and Buralga (Native Companion) Brook is not named on the present map but the Trustees called it Gorra Worra (Laughing Jackass) Brook.
+The Old Illawarra Road from Hurstville crossed the Georges River (at "Old Ferry") about 5krn upstream from Como, before heading south to cross the Woronora River, before heading uphill to cross, and then follow the path of the present railway line. "In the early coaching days this old road was the only overland means of communication with the Illawarra district".
 Ewell advises that, proceeding from Audley to Kangaroo Creek, "Bathers should proceed around the second bend to a delightfully sequestered and suitable reach for matutinal ablutions or natatorial exercise".
-"Along Lady Carrington Road .. two stone basins are set into the hillside .. with clear and cold spring water. Each basin bears the inscription 'Jersey Springs, 1892' in honour of his excellency the Earl of Jersey, the Governor of N.S.W."
+"Along Lady Carrington Road ... two stone basins are set into the hillside ... with clear and cold spring water. Each basin bears the inscription 'Jersey Springs, 1892' in honour of his excellency the Earl of Jersey, the Governor of N.S.W."
 Further along on the western side of the Hacking is an area "best known to the employees and officials of the Park as Walker's Garden, so called after one of the trustees, Mr Critchet Walker CMG: it is the most beautiful spot in the Park."
-Bushwalkers who have enjoyed the delights Of following Nerham Spur from the Hacking River up to the Uloola Track might find interesting the comment re the upper part of the Hacking where, "the native raspberry flourishes. It's botanical appellation is Rubus rosaefolius - the Neram of the aboriginals."
-A Visit to Garie Beach, "a most enjoyable day's outing at a secluded and lovely spot .. can be secured by parties who will communicate with the coach proprietor at Loftus Junction, or the Park authorities and order vehicles and horses to meet at Waterfall the morning train from Sydney".
+Bushwalkers who have enjoyed the delights Of following Nerham Spur from the Hacking River up to the Uloola Track might find interesting the comment re the upper part of the Hacking where, "the native raspberry flourishes. It's botanical appellation is Rubus rosaefolius - the Neram of the aboriginals."
-"Wattamolla was the scene some years ago
-[before 1893] of trial boring operations for coal."
+A Visit to Garie Beach, "a most enjoyable day's outing at a secluded and lovely spot .. can be secured by parties who will communicate with the coach proprietor at Loftus Junction, or the Park authorities and order vehicles and horses to meet at Waterfall the morning train from Sydney".
+"Wattamolla was the scene some years ago [before 1893] of trial boring operations for coal."
 Curracurrang, a tiny cove just south of Wattamolla, "is best known locally as Snug Corner." In this cove there were, for many years, several boatsheds complete with steel rails for slipping fishing boats. 0
-MARCH 1996.
-THE SYDNEY BUSHVVALKER
-PAGE 11
+====== Are There Defences Against Leeches? ======
-Are There Defences Against
-Leeches?
 Peter Miller
 Down along the Clyde River in the Budawangs on Maurice Smiths gourmet walk they were everywhere, waving their nasty little heads in the direction of their next meal - us./ "They" of course were the leeches. It was raining when we pulled into - Yadborough Flat camping area an the leeches were already there