SBW Magazine & History Project

THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER is a monthly bulletin of matters of interest to members of The Sydney Bush Walkers Inc.

Issue No. 789

The Sydney Bushwalker magazine is printed on recycled paper.

THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER is a monthly bulletin of matters of interest to members of The Sydney Bush Walkers Inc. PO Box 431 Milsons Point 1565.
To advertise in this magazine, please contact the Business Manager.

The Sydney Bush Walkers Incorporated was founded in 1927. Club meetings are held every Wednesday evening at 8 pm at Kirribilli Neighbourhood Centre, 16 Fitzroy Street, Kirribilli (near Milsons Point Railway Station). Visitors and prospective members are welcome any Wednesday.
SBW WEBSITE: www.sbw.org.au

reported by Barry Wallace

It was around 2008 when the president, from the chair, called the 16 or so members present to order and began the meeting. Bill and Fran Holland had lodged apologies and these were duly noted.

The minutes of the previous general meeting were read and received with no matters arising.

Correspondence-in saw a letter from Confederation responding to our letter about the proposal to appoint a paid office assistant part time, together with submissions from a total of seven members, proposing items to be addressed as part of the ongoing review of club operations. Outgoing mail was comprised of a letter to Norah Mace regarding a membership matter, and to Eddy Giacomel responding to his questions regarding management of information on the club's web site. There were no matters arising.

The treasurer's report was next, revealing that we began the period with a balance of $13,916, received income of $1,740, paid out $1,062 and concluded with a balance of $14,593.

The walks reports, with Carol presenting, began with Don Finch's walk out from Glen Davis over the weekend of 16, 17, 18 June. There were 4 starters and one rather strangely behaved local dog that seems to have maintained at-distance surveillance over the progress of the walk. In any case, the weather was good but they truncated the trip slightly due to the illness of one of the party. Bill and Fran Holland's trip to Coolendell Cottage was deferred due to a convergence of contrary circumstances. Maureen Carter reported a fast party of 15 on her Sunday test walk from Waterfall to Otford. They also reported that the Otford pie shop has closed until mid August. David Trinder had the party of 14 on his Sunday walk from Victoria Falls to Evans Lookout out in the last of the available light to make the most of the day.

Wilf Hilder cancelled his 3-day walk in Morton National Park but it will be rescheduled at some later date. Carol Lubbers cancelled her White Water Rafting trip on the Saturday. Ron Watters had a party of 18 enjoying fine and clear conditions for his Sunday walk in the eastern section of Macquarie Pass.

Ian Rannard had five starters on his Tuesday Blue Mountains mid-week walk in overcast but pleasant conditions.

The weekend of 30 June, 1, 2 July saw Sev Sternhell leading a party of 8 on his Budawangs trip out from Yadboro Flat. Conditions were fine for the Saturday but the weather deteriorated on Sunday with mist and drizzle complicating navigation somewhat. The descent off Mount Owen was described as somewhat third way and the party reached the cars at around 2300. There was no report for Kenn Clacher's ski touring trip that weekend. Bill Hope deputised Geoff Dowsett to lead the party of 8 on his Sunday walk out from Carlons Farm. Bill must have known something; conditions were foggy with some rain. Tony Crichton's Sunday walk from Otford to Bundeena went, but no report was available to the meeting.

There was no report for Peter Miller's scheduled walk to Mount Yengo over the weekend of 8, 9 July. (Transferred to August 26/27.Ed) Carol Lubbers had 6 starters on her Saturday walk out from Evans Lookout. Their progress up Govetts Creek was rendered hazardous by a silt covering on the rocks in the stream bed. Greg Bray had 16 on his Sunday trip to Mount Solitary in sunny conditions, but for David Trinder's cycle trip from Homebush Bay to Botany Bay the same day there was no report. It was however the last walks report for the month.

Conservation report indicated that our letters to various government bodies had been acknowledged. We received a letter from the Colong Committee thanking us for hosting the recent slide show. We are led to believe that extensions are planned to Morton National Park.

The sequence of the meeting was considerably disturbed due to a plan to have the new members secretary address the meeting. If we did have a Confederation report in there somewhere, I missed it. General business was devoted to an explanation by the New Members Secretary of changes to the arrangements for prospective members recently decided by the management committee. The period of prospective membership will be expanded to 12 months, during which time a prospective will be required to complete at least four test walk standard walks, two of which must be overnight walks. A renewal of six months will be available at the same cost as the initial period; but no further extensions will be available.

The announcements came and went, and the meeting closed at 2110.

Eighty-six replies have been received to date (Aug 8^th) to the above questionnaire that was enclosed in the June magazine.

This represents a 17.2% response from our membership of about 500.

The breakdown is as follows: * In favour of viewing the magazine on the Web: 71 * In favor of receiving the magazine via normal mail: 15

From the low response could one assume that most of the remaining 414 members are happy with the status quo?

by Wilf Hilder

I was pleasantly surprised by the response to my letter in the May magazine requesting written suggestions for improving our club's various activities. We need a fairly thorough spring clean to clear the decks - if not the barnacles, from the good ship SBW before embarking on the lengthy festivities to mark the club's 75^th anniversary year just 18 months away in 2002.

My special and grateful thanks are due to Alex Colley, Eddy Giacomel, Frank Grennan, Brian Holden, Tony Holgate, Bill Holland, Ray Hookway, Rosemary MacDougal, George Mawer, Roger Treagus and Andrew Vilder for their written submissions and my thanks also to all those who rang or have spoken to me regarding their suggestions. I am especially indebted to Tony Crichton for his feedback and suggestions on this now popular topic.

The committee will naturally take all suggestions seriously. As the cross referenced index of the suggestions runs to five pages so far, it will take some time to complete the review, even with our very keen committee, so you still have time to put pen to paper and send in your suggestions for improving any of our club's activities.

Many Thanks.

Wilf Hilder
President

by Ian Wolfe & Louise Verdon

This is Swallows and Amazons country and having read a number of Arthur Ransome's novels as a child I was surprised how much the country resonated with those distant memories. Certainly it is lovely country that calls out to be walked.

We stayed in a caravan park set in a forest a couple of kms south of Coniston itself. This led us to walk into town via the field path which was quite splendid as they were cutting the grass and erecting stacks en route. Dinner that night was from the Coniston Chipper who, according to the Lonely Planet, serves the best fish and chips in the Lakes District. This little trip also allowed us to view the start point for the proposed trip for the morrow.

The day trip occupied 6 hrs and entailed 7.5 miles and 3,500 ft of ascent. From Coniston you walk up beside Church Beck (stream) to soon emerge into the bracken. The path climbs steadily to the site of an old mine. Here the track zigzags steeply with good views on either side including that of a large tarn. Soon a small lake appears and demands to be dived into concurrent with morning tea. Interestingly, of the other people on the track only the Continentals swam whilst the English merely dabbled their feet.

The summit of The Old Man of Coniston was a further steep push and we had it to ourselves for lunch until a 30+ school group arrived just as we were packing up. Thus we left what once was the highest point in Lancashire and continued along a broad ridge to Swirl How (the guide book advises not to venture out this way in mist so I imagine the name of this peak is related to its propensity to be cloaked). Certainly it is a great ridge traverse especially the section through the Great How Crags with large drops on either side down to sparkling lakes. From Swirl How there was more ridge walking to the summit of Wetherlam and we picked up some companions along the way. The descent down the other sides is one of those delights where you walk down a broad grassy ridge, spotted with rocky gendarmes, into a large valley filled by an extended Lake (Coniston Waters). So taken were we with the view and the firmness of the grassy footing that we failed to look where we were placing our feet. Thus one of us ended up tap dancing on the back of a very startled sheep that had been quietly sleeping away the afternoon in a grassy hollow!

Thereafter it was down to the remnants of the shale mine and back across the Beck to rejoin our original track. That night we bypassed the Coniston Chipper and treated ourselves to an up-market dinner in a restaurant overlooking the Waters.

Members should be assured that if the Sydney Bushwalker became available on our website the magazine would still continue to be printed and sent to those members who do not have Internet access or who prefer to receive a hard copy.

Members should also note that it is not proposed at this stage that the magazine would be emailed to individual members nor would they be advised via email that it was available on our website but it would be published on the same day each month.

Have you completed and returned the above questionnaire that was enclosed in the June Sydney Bushwalker?

If you did not receive a questionnaire please advise me and I will send you one. The questionnaire can be sent to you via email and can be returned the same way.

by Dick Whittington

To be immersed in very cold water can be unpleasant. Some people can cope quite well but others, like myself, can feel almost tortured when crossing Blue Mountains creeks and rivers in winter. My first encounter with very cold water was in Claustral Canyon. It was actually summer, but the weather was cool and overcast. Ahead of our party was a group wearing wetsuits — this was unheard of in the early 80s and at the time it seemed curious. We were soon to understand exactly why they were so attired.

At the bottom of the third abseil, after exiting the pool beneath the waterfall, I experienced uncontrollable shivering. In the gloom, lit only by a narrow shaft of daylight that penetrated to the bottom of the canyon, I noticed that everyone else was shivering too. Fortunately there were no hold-ups, and we were able to move on and eventually warm up.

Some time later I was on a Colo trip in July. The plan was to traverse the spur of Mt Townsend to the Colo, then travel upstream to Bob Turners Track and exit to the Putty Road. We started confidently without concern for map and compass — fortunate in hindsight, as had we consulted our compasses we might have gone round in circles due to the magnetic anomalies near Mt Townsend.

On reaching the Colo it was noted that the level was up, but a waist-high crossing was effected to progress along the western bank. The intention was to return to the eastern bank as soon as possible and remain on that side. After about 2 km without finding a suitable crossing I joked that we might have to swim across to Bob Turners Track. The look of mild horror from Jack made me wonder if he could swim.

On reaching Bob Turners — still on the wrong side of the river — it was clear that we would have to swim. We were not prepared, and only Jack had a garbage bag to waterproof his pack. This was not a serious problem as Jack's garbage bag could hold all the cameras, even if his clothes got a little wet. Since some members were unhappy at the prospect of swimming in this very cold water, the leader swam across with a length of rope. Unfortunately the rope was not long enough. With the leader standing chest-deep on one side and myself chest-deep holding the other end of the rope, the party began to cross.

When half the party was on the other side it became the turn of those least confident. The shock of the cold water stopped Jack in his tracks, and his reluctance was seen as justification for others to mutiny. I waited in the water for several minutes while alternative plans of action were considered. Communication with the leader was impossible due to the noise of the rapids, but a decision was reached to split the party — three would return via the Mountain Lagoon fire trail to be picked up by car later.

I swam across to join the main group and quickly consumed my remaining chocolate to restore my body temperature. It was then observed that one set of car keys remained on the wrong side of the river. The splinter group had not yet departed, so it was agreed the leader should swim across and get them. Unfortunately he was now incapacitated due to cramps from his long immersion. I could certainly see the merit of recovering the car keys, so with little regard for the possible onset of hypothermia I entered the water again. Fortunately, by the time I returned a fire had been prepared.

I am quite sure that I had never been so cold before, and I vowed never to risk such a cold-water encounter again. It was not long, however, before I found myself in Rocky Creek Canyon. It was summer, so of course I didn’t wear a wetsuit…

Nom de Plume

by Rik King

Trips of only a few days involving four different maps invariably have a daunting aspect to them, inducing forebodings of late returns - and this trip was no exception, since the aim was to walk the length of the Wollemi Range and return in four days. Indeed, four map sheets are needed to cover that range - Six Brothers, Mt Morgan, Gosper's Mountain and Wirraba.

The Wollemi Range, which is a major feature of the park, rises at the junction of the Colo River and Wollemi Creek and thence meanders in a predominantly north west direction to join the Wirraba Range some 3 km west of Mt. Wirraba. Because of its various twists and turns, to follow the range involves doing a traverse of 23 km.

Nonetheless, our party - Bill Capon, Marella Hogan, Fazeley Read, Bob Milne and Rik King assembled early on a Thursday morning in July, on the Culoul fire trail off the Putty road, having previously positioned a car at a strategic point in the Putty area. A piecemeal descent of Crawford's Lookout was made, and in early afternoon the 200m down Wollemi Creek to the entrance of Munee Creek was covered. Then, nearby, we climbed up the small east west running creek to collect water at the highest feasible point, just as had been established on a preparatory trip. After a steep climb out of the creek, dusk saw us on top of the range at that point just before it swings sharply towards Girribung Creek at the west.

Our first camp saw Bill's usual feverish sorting through his pack to produce numerous unsuitable or superfluous objects brought along for the trip - dual ropes, an avocado, a lime etc. etc. His customary rummaging did not go unnoticed, although the major preoccupation of the party was as to when we might need to turn back should our progress turn out to be too slow.

Next morning was fine, and it led on to a warmish day, but on this section, the range is level and open and we made good progress.

Our surmise, however, that the fire of the mid-nineties, that swept over from Gosper's Mountain would have eliminated the underbrush, was only partially correct - and this we were to realize later in the trip.

Shortly after lunch we happened upon a large quantity of water in a shallow depression on a flat rock. This water of slightly green tinge was collected, but relegated to reserve status. It moved considerably up the scale of social acceptability a day later when all we could manage to collect was 2 litres of dark water (referred to colloquially as blackwater), which, even after filtration through Bill's handkerchief, remained resolutely black!

Late afternoon, the unmistakable blue bulk of Mt. Yengo rose up to the north east. And then, for our second night as “the last lights off the black West went”¹ we pulled into a makeshift camp spot.

After tea, the lovely, lilting laughter of Fazeley echoed across that remote high ridge as we relaxed around the campfire, recalling events from our collective 100 years of bushwalking; and during that night, light rain provided several cups of much needed water. Next morning, Marella, faithful as ever, had the fire going before dawn. Across the chasm that is Munee Creek we saw “the glorious sun uprist”². We were off for the day, full of promise of many small descents and ascents. Bill relentlessly followed the serpentine progress of the range, undeterred by the empty promises of many competing side ridges. Bob, ever alert to any flagging in the level of navigational confidence, clarified any contentious matter by the GPS he carried. Before lunch the appearance to the west of the cleared side of Gosper's Mountain provided a boost to morale, since by now the combination of Hakea and Mountain Holly, particularly on the tops of small hillocks, was beginning to make its mark. By mid-afternoon, however, a longish climb saw us stumble gratefully onto the Mt. Wirraba road (a Hakea free area), at the end of the Wollemi Range.

Thence we headed north east up to a green camp spot on Wirraba - the loveliest of all mountains. There, nightfall was clear and cold, with only a faint glow seen through the stately gums towards the south east sky, to remind us of the presence of a teeming city of 4 million people.

Around the breakfast fire next morning, as the daylight filled the sky, we sat silent and absorbed. Indeed, the clear cool day was ideal for our 12 km walk down to Wollemi Creek in the east. This section of the walk we each did at individual pace, the first walkers clearing from the road the early morning lyre birds.

This ridge top road affords fine views, alternately, of Gija and Dumball Creeks to the south, and Wollemi Creek to the north. From its high points, Mt Yengo dominates the northern aspect, then moving across the skyline Mt. Poppong, Mt. Kindarun, and finally the deep blue massif of Monundilla. A look behind shows the unmistakable, long low profile of Mt. Corricudgy against the western sky.

Yet who would stop or fear to advance
Though home or shelter he had none
With such a sky to lead him on?³

At this stage, time was not of the essence, and many cups of tea were drunk by the side of Wollemi Creek by a somewhat dehydrated party — “Sure I had drunken in my dreams, And still my body drank”.⁴ Finally, there was the 8 km walk back along the side of Putty Creek to reclaim the car.

We had seen few traces of tracks on the range, and no fireplaces or any other signs of people.

¹ God’s Grandeur, G. M. Hopkins.
² The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, S. Coleridge.
³ Stepping Westward, W. Wordsworth.
⁴ The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, S. Coleridge.

by David Evans

Following Sev Sternhell’s article in the July magazine on purifying water, this extended piece from the Adelaide Bushwalker’s magazine, *Tandanya*, offers practical hints for finding water when facing a dangerous shortage.

It is published for the general interest of club members and does not imply that any of the collection or purification methods described are officially recommended. — *Ed.*

In dry areas where no surface water is available, you may be forced to use indirect means to supplement your supply. Many survival manuals describe such methods; here we focus only on those requiring the least skill, knowledge, and energy.

Whatever method is chosen, it is vital that the effort expended does not cause you to lose more fluid through perspiration than you gain from the water collected.

Even when a creek bed is completely dry, water may still be seeping underground through stones and gravel.

You can access it by digging a hole to create a soak — a technique also used by animals. Dig in fine gravel, preferably in damp spots, rather than attempting to excavate through large stones. For success, you must reach gravel that is saturated.

If you are lucky, water will accumulate in a small puddle at the bottom. Once a soak is successful, more holes nearby can increase supply.

In coastal sand dunes, adapt this method by selecting a natural hollow, digging down to the water table, and inserting a billy so its rim is just below the fresh water surface. Fresh water will flow into the container, excluding salt water. The billy can then be emptied using a cup or bailer.

This works because fresh water floats on salt water in the dune’s water table. Quite drinkable water has been obtained this way from sand hills in the Coorong.

Sometimes, seepages of fresh water can be seen flowing into the sea from dunes or cliffs, making digging unnecessary. Be persistent — several attempts in different locations may be needed.

In general, water from soaks does not need disinfection. If muddy, allow it to stand so sediment settles.

An easy and efficient method is to use plant transpiration. Select a leafy branch on a eucalypt or similar tree, cover it with a large clear plastic bag, and tie the open end securely around the stem.

Choose a branch in full sunlight, and angle the bag so that water will run to the bottom. Inside, the heat accelerates moisture loss from the leaves. This condenses on the plastic and runs down to pool at the bottom.

The water is free from disease-causing organisms (the tree acts as a purifier), though it may be coloured or bitter.

In a survival situation, remove and drain the bag at the end of the day and reset it the next morning. A single bag may yield 200–1000 ml a day, depending on species and location.

Solar stills are most practical in sand dunes near salt lakes or on the coast, where the water table is close to the surface and digging is easy.

Dig a hole about 450 mm deep and 750 mm wide. Place a container in the bottom, then cover the hole with clear or white plastic. Push the centre down to form a cone nearly reaching the container, and seal the edges with sand.

Placing green leaves in the hole increases yield. Heat under the plastic draws moisture from soil and vegetation, which condenses and drips into the container.

Do not open the still during daylight; it takes time to restart after being disturbed. Because it works by evaporation, salts remain behind, and the water is also free from bacterial contamination.

If dew forms, collect it by sponging or sucking moisture from leaves, grasses, or smooth surfaces.

You can also try an above-ground solar still using a plastic sheet supported at the corners and depressed in the centre so drops run to a collection point. Dew may form on both sides of the sheet.

However, treat this water before drinking — ground sheets and other surfaces are unlikely to be clean.

In emergencies, the succulent leaves of the common Pigface (*Carpobrotus* spp.) can provide moisture. Chew the raw leaves and spit out the residue.

When water is scarce, conserving what you have is as important as finding more.

A useful guide is urine colour: - Clear = drinking more than needed. - Yellow = kidneys conserving water — drink when thirsty. - Dark and difficult to pass = severe deficit.

Avoid strict rationing; it will only hasten dehydration. Do not drink urine once it has become concentrated.

Reduce fluid loss by: - Resting in shade during the hottest hours. - Doing physical work in early morning or late evening. - Staying clothed to slow sweat evaporation. - Resting off the ground where air is cooler.

Drinking contaminated water can cause diarrhoea and vomiting — potentially fatal in a water-shortage situation.

Bacteria and viruses can be transmitted by touch as well as by water. When water is scarce, hygiene is difficult, but remain mindful and use alternatives like small amounts of methylated spirits for hand cleaning.

Always err on the side of caution and disinfect everything you drink, especially where there is evidence of pollution or animal traffic.

Preferred disinfection methods: # Water purification tablets or filters. # Iodine — a few drops per litre, stand for 30 minutes. # Fruit cordial in recommended concentration, stand 60 minutes. # PET bottle left in strong sunlight for 5–6 hours.

Straining will remove visible debris but not pathogens.

NOTE: The last two methods should only be used in an emergency when no other means are available.

5. Boiling the water is quite effective when done thoroughly — which means having the water at a good rolling boil for say 15 minutes. However, the losses from evaporation are unacceptable when water is in short supply.

Reprinted with additions from Tandanya, Sept.–Nov. '95_

References * Obtaining water in coastal areas — Ron Pitt, *Tandanya*, Mar.–May '84 * Fluid requirements — Tim Vogt, *Tandanya*, Mar.–May '89 * Bushwalkers and drinking water — Evans & Wattchow, *Tandanya*, Jun.–Aug. '89 & Sept.–Nov. '89

Also read Sev's comments on page 14 of the July Sydney Bushwalker regarding adding or using cordial when sterilising water. — *Ed.*

In past years there have been frequent reports of compasses being affected by the local geology in certain areas resulting in navigation difficulties.

The present availability and use of GPS receivers by many club members presents a good opportunity to locate and record those areas.

If reports of such bearing inconsistencies are forwarded to me I will publish them in the Sydney Bushwalker for general information and to permit members to mark the relevant maps. Ed

Refer to the Walks programs for full details

Pre-meeting dinner at 6.30 pm every Wednesday at the Thai Connection next door to the Kirribilli Centre.

No need to ring or book.

Do you have any suggestions for future Social Programs? If so please contact Andrew Vilder on 9331 4530.

by Frank Rigby

No, don't look at me. I didn't give the new walking track at Coolana that name. In fact, the completed track had no name at all. I suspected Helen Gray at first but she swears she heard it from someone else. Never mind, it's rather good for the ego to have some feature named after oneself and, of course, it fits with my by-pass operation while holidaying in Queensland last year.

It was in December, less than three months after Townsville Hospital gave me my marching orders, that I started work on the track. I'm not sure whether my surgeon would have been delighted or shocked if he had seen me wielding rake, grubber and bush saw with such abandon. Anyway, I felt no ill effects, only exhilaration!

I conceived the idea sometime about the middle of 1999. After thirty years, why were we still walking up and down the old road with its rough, eroded patches? And didn't bushwalkers prefer a scenic walking track to a road? Besides, I needed a physical and mental challenge, an activity of my own choosing, especially one where I was my own boss. There would be no one to argue with, no committees to get in the way. I put the idea to the Eddy Giacomel Club Committee and they approved. I didn't actually say that this would be my very first attempt at track-making.

Firstly, there was the route. It should be as easy as the terrain would allow, avoid thick bush, use old tracks wherever possible and steer clear of the existing road. But hang on, what about the cliff line? That would surely be a formidable barrier, the track would stand or fall on the presence of a suitable pass. I explored three or four passes; all except one were virtually impossible, with huge boulders and big drops blocking a way through. The exception, in its original state, seemed touch and go. It was possible to scramble from top to bottom after a fashion, but would it be possible to modify the route sufficiently to afford reasonably easy, safe going? I decided that yes, it was, and after fallen logs were sawn up, boulders edged aside and a number of steps installed, I think everyone will agree that it has worked.

Furthermore, the track around the pass area is most scenic and also includes a short sidetrack to Coolana Lookout from where the view is magnificent.

So, section by section, day by day, the track eventually reached the river flats. Then there were the signposts to make and erect. Joan helped with the log-sawing and earth-carrying at the pass and with the signs but, apart from that, it was all my own work. I have no idea how many man-hours I gave to this task but it didn't matter; there was satisfaction enough in the physical reality, of the track and hearing the comments of the first users. With my new-found experience and confidence a branch track to the hut now seemed like a piece of cake.

What else is in the pipeline? A couple of informative notices about the flora at strategic waypoints along the Rigby By-Pass seems appropriate. Maybe there should also be one or two tracks to interesting highlights (e.g. Butler's Rock) within our bushland property.

What with the restored river flats and the new tracks, Coolana, in my view, is becoming a more interesting and rewarding place.

November 4/5^th
From Bill Holland

Following on the successful November 1999 'Coolana Hootnanny' we have arranged another musical treat for the first weekend in November.

All members, prospective members, visitors and families are invited to attend.

The theme is Bush Music around the camp-fire but there will be other attractions for the weekend.

The Poleson family (including club members John and Chris) will add to the fine entertainment provided last year.

But we also want you to participate. Bring along your instrument, guitar, mouth organ, fiddle etc or just your voice.

Ample shelter provided if the weather turns damp.

Transport assistance, including river crossing by canoe for older or incapacitated members, can be provided.

* Easter 1938 in the Blue Mts.
by Jean Ashdown * Easter 2000 in the Snowy Mts.
by Morag Ryder * Easter 2000
Memories of the Blue Breaks.
by Christine Austin

* Walking the Brecon Beacons
by Ian Wolfe & Louise Verdon * The Gardens of Stone
by Charlie Montross * Helicopters - Giving accurate bearings to rescuers.
by Keith Maxwell (S&R) * Bushfire Precautions
by Sue Davies WA Bush Fire Service

Copy for publishing in the SBW magazine should be received by me by the second Monday of each month.

The deadline for last-minute urgent items is the second Wednesday of each month as the magazine is usually printed on the following Thursday.

Copy can be lodged by email to me at rraymond@ozemail.com.au or typed or on a 3.5“ PC floppy using any common word processing program. Ed.